Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The patient was a 26-year-old man who complained of headache and vomiting. On examination, there was nothing abnormal, but the edge of the right optic papilla was not clear. His temperature was 38.5 degrees C, pulse 96/min, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg. A space-occupying lesion in his fronto-dextra cupular part was found by CT scanning. He had a 12-year history of chronic purulent otitis. The diagnosis was a brain abscess in the fronto-dextra cupular part. The brain abscess was extracted and Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the dark brown pus draining from the abscess. The patient recovered through proper antibiotic therapy based on a sensitivity test. Reports of infections caused by this organism in foreign countries very widely from local infections due to bites and scratches by cats, dogs etc. to general infections such as infections of the respiratory tract, sepsis and meningitis. However, Pasteurella multocida brain abscesses are rare. Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative short rod which is best known as part of the mouth flora and as a pathogen causing septicemia in many domestic animals, such as cats, dogs etc.. Infection in man results mainly from animal bites or scratches. It has been reported that Pasteurella multodida can cause human septicemia, meningitis, respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis and other infections. We isolated a strain of Pasteurella multocida from the pus of a brain abscess following chronic purulent otitis on August 6, 1990.
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PMID:Brain abscess due to Pasteurella multocida. 817 82

During a twelve-month period (1 July 91-30 June 92), feces from 912 persons from the Townsville region in the dry tropics of Queensland, Australia were evaluated by culture and 45 (4.9%) immunocompetent patients were found to be carrying Aeromonas in their stools. All patients were index cases and no secondary cases from household or close contact of index cases were identified. Eight patients (9.3%) were from Palm Island, an Aboriginal community, and 37 (4.5%) were from the essentially Caucasian population of Townsville. This is a significant difference in incidence of cases between the two population groups. Infection occurred mainly in two age groups: the under five-year-old (27 cases) and the over 25-year-old age group (17 cases). Except for one patient, all cases of Palm Island Aborigines were children less than five years of age, and 13 of these infants (48%) were less than 1 year old, but none were neonates. Of the 37 Townsville patients, 20 cases (54%) were in the under five-year-old group. Signs and symptoms of Aeromonas-associated diarrhea in patients where Aeromonas was the sole pathogen isolated were diarrhea sometimes with vomiting, absence of fever and of fecal leukocytes and blood in the stools. No cases of Aeromonas-associated diarrhea with dysentery were encountered. After rotavirus (12.3%), Aeromonas was the second most common enteric pathogen detected, but was only marginally more common than Giardia and Salmonella. Of the aeromonad isolations, 50% were Aeromonas hydrophila, 22% were A. sobria, and 28% were A. caviae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The spectrum of Aeromonas-associated diarrhea in tropical Queensland, Australia. 826 41

The unprecedented scale and speed of contemporary international travel means that ever increasing numbers of travellers are exposed to unfamiliar infections and other hazards. Since 1973, surveillance has been conducted at the Communicable Diseases (Scotland) Unit on illnesses affecting returning travellers. This has helped define the perspective of illness associated with travel, to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-travel health advice and to develop a computerised data base designed to give advice on the prevention of travellers' illnesses. These and other epidemiological studies suggest that: (a) younger travellers experience more illness (b) the greater the climatic and cultural contrast between the traveller's country of origin and the destination country, the higher the risk (c) by far the commonest afflictions the traveller is likely to experience are diarrhoea and vomiting (d) the cost of travel-related illness in the UK is in excess of pounds 11 million.
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PMID:Epidemiology of travel. 833 91

We present a study of acute otitis media among 20,532 Spanish children during a 6-month period from January through June 1991. The study was done by distributing a questionnaire to all Spanish pediatricians. Of the patients 51.7% were girls and 48.3% boys; 68.7% of all children were younger than 5 years. The most frequent symptoms were otalgia or irritability, 92.7%; fever, 63.5%; otorrhea, 24.9%; vomiting, 21.4%; and another concomitant upper respiratory tract infection, 65.5%. Otitis was bilateral in 45.6% of the cases. The most frequently used antibiotic was cefixime (38%), followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate (22.2%), amoxicillin (15.3%), 2nd-generation cephalosporins (13.5%) and macrolides (8.8%). In 11.8% of the patients, a change in the initial antibiotic therapy was required due to adverse effects. Resolution of symptoms occurred in 77.8% of the patients.
Infection 1995
PMID:Acute otitis media in childhood: a study of 20,532 cases. 853 35

A 79-year-old women with upper abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss was found at endoscopy to have a large tumour mass in the gastric body. Histology of forceps biopsies revealed an adenocarcinoma of intestinal type. Gastrectomy was performed, but extensive lymph node metastasis precluded a curative surgical approach. Histopathological study of the specimen, however, revealed two distict malignancies, which arose in the setting of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis with partial mucosal atrophy. One tumour was a gastric carcinoma, while the other was a primary B-cell lymphoma of the stomach (CD20-positive). The lymphoma comprised both a low-grade component (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue- or MALT-type lymphoma), and a high-grade component (large cell lymphoma with CD30-positive giant cells). Infection with H. pylori was confirmed by the serological presence of IgG antibodies to H. pylori-antigens, including antibodies against the 128 kDa protein of the cytotoxin-associated gene (cagA gene) of H. pylori.
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PMID:Simultaneous gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT-type lymphoma in Helicobacter pylori infection. 854 31

A 22-year-old man developed transient unconsciousness during running. He developed fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and general fatigue. Next day, he was admitted to National Hospital Nayoro because of high serum CK level of 13,610U/l. Biochemical analyses revealed elevated serum myoglobin, increased CK-MM isozyme, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase, increased serum osmolality, increased uric acid, and decreased serum potassium levels. Therefore, he was diagnosed as having rhabdomyolysis. In addition, serum CK-MB isozyme, cardiac myosin light chain I and troponin T were increased, suggesting the damage of cardiac muscle. Electrocardiogram showed elevated ST segment and inverted T on V2-4, which were not observed previously. He had no preceding infectious disease, drug ingestion or an underlying metabolic disorder. The rhabdomyolysis may be precipitated by the superimposition of dehydration and loss of potassium due to diarrhea and vomiting. The myocardial injury, probably produced by transient myocardial ischemia, should be paid attention in case of rhabdomyolysis.
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PMID:[A case of rhabdomyolysis complicated with myocardial injury]. 856 47

We report a rare case of non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in the course of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in a 31-year-old primigravida who developed high fever and severe pulmonary and cardiovascular failure within a few hours at the end of the 29th week of a twin pregnancy. Mechanical ventilation was necessary due to signs of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and catecholamines were needed to maintain a somewhat adequate blood pressure. A forceps delivery was performed immediately. Postoperatively, the patient was brought to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to the suspicion of severe septic shock. In addition to the extreme cardiovascular instability and massive disturbance of pulmonary gas exchange, the clinical picture was characterised by a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) with marked petechial bleeding and ecchymoses on all extremities. Moreover, a confluent, spotty exanthem of the trunk and extremities could be seen. Despite all therapeutic efforts, the patient died within a few hours after admission to the ICU with signs of multiorgan failure. Post-mortem, multiple staphylococcal abscesses were found in the kidneys, liver, and uterus. Moreover, acute ulcerous endocarditis of the mitral valve and septic myocardial foci with myocarditis were seen. The Staph. aureus strain isolated from the blood cultures was shown to produce TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1) and enterotoxin B. In summary, the clinical picture can be interpreted as severe staphylococcal sepsis complicated by TSS. TSS is a specific type of infectious disease, occurring mainly in young women during the menstrual period (80%-90%), but it has also been reported in non-menstrual cases (10%-20%). It is characterised by sudden-onset high fever, hypotension, rash, mucosal hyperaemia, and various additional symptoms such as myalgia, vomiting, and diarrhoea. The clinical course depends on the extent of the organ failure due to decreased tissue perfusion during hypotension. Severe cases are accompanied by multiple organ-system failure including impaired renal function, which is reversible in nearly all cases. Respiratory failure ranges from interstitial and alveolar aedema to ARDS in 10% of cases; severe DIC is seen in 10%-15%. Another severe clinical complication is cardiac insufficiency. The etiology of TSS is based on a localized or, rarely, systemic infection with certain Staph. aureus strains that are capable of producing toxins, the most important one being TSST-1. Staph. aureus strains can also produce various other enterotoxins that may be involved in the pathogenesis of TSS. The pathogenetic importance of the toxins is supported by the antibody titers in TSS patients: more than 80% of healthy adults show high levels of antibody titers, whereas 90% of TSS patients exhibit low levels in the acute phase followed by a significant increase during convalescence. It is not clear whether the toxins cause TSS by a direct effect or by release of mediators due to their function as superantigens. The clinical characteristics of non-menstrual TSS are identical to those of menstrual TSS, but it can occur in many clinical settings in both sexes at any age. Severe clinical courses are more frequent in non-menstrual TSS: the mortality is about 8%-11% in non-menstrual TSS compared to 2%-5% in menstrual TSS. The diagnosis is based mainly on clinical signs and the isolation of toxin-producing Staph. aureus strains. Besides antibiotic therapy, treatment is primarily directed to the correction of hypotension and additional organ-system failure. Other therapeutic measures such as the elimination of toxins by plasma separation or the administration of antibodies or gamma-globulins are subjects of investigation with no general recommendations at this time.
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PMID:[Lethal, non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome associated with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis]. 859 62

Infection due to Helicobacter pylori may be associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in children. The aim of this study was to compare the presentation of gastritis due to H pylori with that of gastritis not associated with H pylori infection. The medical records of 296 children who had esophagogastroduodenoscopy were reviewed; 23 (8%) had H pylori gastritis, and 51 had primary gastritis without H pylori infection. Of patients with H pylori, 43% had antral nodularity and 17% had duodenal ulcers. The incidence of epigastric pain, nocturnal pain, postprandial pain, family history of peptic ulcer disease, water brash, vomiting, weight loss, fecal occult blood, and hematemesis was similar between both groups. Periumbilical pain was less common in children with gastritis than epigastric pain, and pain in the periumbilical region was present in only 4% of children with H pylori infection, compared with 31% of patients who had gastritis without H pylori infection. The presence of H pylori should be sought in children having endoscopy for evaluation of upper gastrointestinal mucosal disease.
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PMID:Symptoms of gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori in children. 860 56

Clinical features of infantile diarrhea were studied among 603 infants from birth to 12 months of age to determine the predominant clinical feature(s) seen in infantile diarrhea associated with a specific enteric pathogen. Among the major clinical features, fever was most often seen in diarrhea due to Yersinia spp. (61.5%) followed by that in rotavirus (26.1%). Vomiting was mostly associated with Vibrio cholerae infection (90.9%) and shigellosis (64.6%). Dehydration was predominant in Vibrio cholerae (90.9%) and Salmonella (84.9%) infections. Bloody diarrhea was mostly due to Shigella infection (74.3%). As regards diarrhea with multiple pathogens, vomiting and dehydration were most frequent with Campylobacter+Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (88.9% and 77.8%, respectively), while fever was more common with rotavirus+Shigella+Escherichia coli and rotavirus+Giardia. Infection with invasive organisms lead to vomiting, 4-10 stools per day and dehydration significantly more often as compared to infections with non-invasive organisms. Similarly more stools of patients infected with invasive organisms showed presence of blood and more than 5 leukocytes/HPF as compared to those infected with non-invasive organisms.
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PMID:Clinical features of infantile diarrhea associated with single or multiple enteric pathogens. 871 22

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a viral infection from a new strain of Hantavirus. The Hantavirus was first discovered in North America in 1993 after an outbreak of fatal illness on a Navajo Indian reservation in New Mexico. Since then, 122 cases of HPS (with a high mortality rate of more than 50%) have been reported in 23 states, with the highest prevalence in the Four Corners area. The reservoir for Hantavirus is small rodents, mostly field mice, vole, and chipmunks. It is transmitted through inhalation of airborne virus from dry rodent excreta and saliva. A North American strain of Hantavirus, named ain nombre virus (SNV), primarily affects the lungs, causing rapid accumulation of fluids and leading to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the prodromal stage, HPS presents with flu-like symptoms, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal pain and is often mistaken on the first visit for other infectious diseases or gastroenteritis. In the second acute stage, rapid respiratory deterioration begins: HPS is often misdiagnosed for pneumonia, idiopathic ARDS, and pulmonary edema. HPS treatment with an experimental antiviral intravenous drug, ribavirin, is under investigation. Practitioners must possess through clinical knowledge on the diagnoses, pathology, treatment, and course of the disease to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate of this rare but serious infection. A case report based on a recent HPS death in New York State on Long island in April 1995 is presented.
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PMID:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: epidemiology, prevention, and case presentation of a new viral strain. 878 77


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