Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 32-year-old woman was admitted with a diagnosis of impending premature delivery. In the 37th week of pregnancy, vaginal examination was performed. After ten minutes, vomiting, whole body flushing, and cold sweat appeared suddenly. Because fetal heart rate became 60-70 beats.min-1, emergency caesarean section was scheduled. When she arrived at the operating room, blood pressure was 75/45 and heart rate was 122 beats.min-1. Five minutes later, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and vecuronium, and operation was instituted concomitantly. After the delivery, pentazocine and midazolam were administered. During the operation, premature separation of normally implanted placenta or pressed cord was not observed. Hydrocortisone was administered for circulatory collapse. Gabexate mesilate was administered for the prevention of DIC. The scratch test, performed ten days later, revealed that latex was positive but lidocaine was negative. Therefore, it was concluded that anaphylaxis induced by latex gloves caused shock after internal examination.
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PMID:[A case of emergency caesarean section as a result of anaphylaxis to latex]. 1003 99

We reviewed our experience in 42 children younger than 16 years with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treated between January 1989 and December 1997. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on admission was 15 in 21 (50%) patients. The most frequent presenting symptoms were headache in 28 (67%) patients, followed by loss of consciousness in 22 (52%) patients and vomiting in 21 (50%) patients. Three cases were diagnosed initially as meningitis and two cases as common cold. The locations of ICH were lobar (26 patients) and cerebellar (7). Cerebral angiographies were performed on 28 patients, and were diagnostic in 19 (68%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed two cases of cavernous angiomas, which were confirmed by the pathologic studies of surgical specimens. Laboratory examinations detected two cases of acute leukemia. Four categories of the causes of ICH were determined in 23 (55%) patients. The leading cause of bleeding was arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The in-hospital survival rate of all patients in this study was 79%. Patients with GCS 3-5 on admission and ICH located at brain stem, cerebellum, and multiple subcortical areas had higher mortality rates. On the follow-up (mean 42 months), seventy percent of our cases had made a good recovery, 21% a fair recovery, 3% a poor recovery, and 6% had died. Children with ICH recover motor function more rapidly than adults. However, visual deficits always persist at our long-term follow-up examinations. A physician should keep in mind the diagnosis of ICH in children, even though the presenting symptoms may be non-specific and the incidence of ICH is very low in children.
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PMID:Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in children. 1022 38

The use of zinc in metal alloys and medicinal lotions dates back before the time of Christ. Currently, most of the commercial production of zinc involves the galvanizing of iron and the manufacture of brass. Some studies support the use of zinc gluconate lozenges to treat the common cold, but there are insufficient data at this time to recommend the routine use of these lozenges. Zinc is an essential co-factor in a variety of cellular processes including DNA synthesis, behavioral responses, reproduction, bone formation, growth, and wound healing. Zinc is a relatively common metal with an average concentration of 50 mg/kg soil and a range of 10-300 mg/kg soil. Meat, seafood, dairy products, nuts, legumes, and whole grains contain relatively high concentrations of zinc. The mobility of zinc in anaerobic environments is poor and therefore severe zinc contamination occurs primarily near points sources of zinc release. The recommended daily allowance for adults is 15 mg zinc. The ingestion of 1-2 g zinc sulfate produces emesis. Zinc compounds can produce irritation and corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract, along with acute renal tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Inhalation of high concentrations of zinc chloride from smoke bombs detonated in closed spaces may cause chemical pneumonitis and adult respiratory distress syndrome. In the occupational setting inhalation of fumes from zinc oxide is the most common cause of metal fume fever (fatigue, chills, fever, myalgias, cough, dyspnea, leukocytosis, thirst, metallic taste, salivation). Zinc compounds are not suspected carcinogens. Treatment of zinc toxicity is supportive. Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaNa2EDTA) is the chelator of choice based on case reports that demonstrate normalization of zinc concentrations, but there are few clinical data to confirm the efficacy of this agent.
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PMID:Zinc. 1038 62

The effects of galvanic stimulation to the mastoid portion on the vestibuloautonomic symptoms induced by caloric stimulation, such as nausea, vomiting, and vertigo, were evaluated in this study. Gastric motility was measured by electrogastrography (EGG) in 20 healthy volunteers (11 male and nine female) aged 20-30 (average: 25.4) years. Electrical stimulation of the mastoid process with 1.0-3.0 mA, 1.0 ms, 100 Hz was applied using a bipolar-biaural method during caloric stimulation of the external auditory canal. The dominant frequency and power of EGG were determined using running spectral frequency analysis and the time-course of EGG was evaluated in a pseudo three dimensional graphic. Frequency of EGG was classified into normogastria with 3 cpm, bradygastria with lower than 3 cpm, and tachygastria with higher than 3 cpm. At quiescent period, normogastria was 78.7 +/- 3.7%, bradygastria 5.0 +/- 1.1%, and tachygastria 16.4 +/- 3.7%. Caloric stimulation with warm water in the unilateral ear and cold water in the contralateral ear elicited vestibuloautonomic symptoms, with accompanied decreases in normogastria (57.7 +/-4.6%, P < 0.01) and increases in tachygastria (34.8 +/- 4.8%, P < 0.01). Cathodal stimulation to the mastoid process ipsilateral to cold water irrigation during caloric stimulation restored normal pattern of gastric motility: normogastria in 77.1 + 5.3% and tachygastria in 19.3 +/- 4.7%, and relieved vestibuloautonomic symptoms. Cathodal stimulation to the inhibited vestibular system ameliorates the vestibular symptoms induced by caloric stimulation.
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PMID:Effects of galvanic stimulation of the mastoid process on the gastric motility induced by caloric stimulation. 1041 33

Motion sickness provides a unique setting for the study of nausea. Studies of illusory self-motion have linked nausea and objective measures of gastric dysrhythmias and the stress hormones vasopressin and epinephrine. Electrogastrographic methods utilize Ag-AgCl electrodes placed on the abdominal surface in the epigastric region to record electrogastrograms (EGGs), a noninvasive measure of gastric myoelectrical activity. The EGG frequencies of interest are the normal range (2.4-3.6 cpm), tachygastrias (3.6-9.9 cpm), and bradygastrias (1.0-2.4 cpm), and duodenal respiratory frequencies (10.0-15.0 cpm). Illusory self-motion or vection is produced with a rotating drum. Minutes before vection-induced nausea is reported, the baseline EGG signal shifts into tachygastrias or mixed tachygastrias and bradygastrias. Quantitative analyses show that the percentage of power in the tachygastria range correlates with the intensity of nausea. Plasma vasopressin levels correlate positively with intensity of nausea. Asian subjects have higher intensity nausea and higher vasopressin levels compared with Caucasian subjects, indicating a potential genetic susceptibility to vection-induced motion sickness and nausea. Vection-induced motion sickness represents an experimental model of acute-onset nausea with accompanying symptoms such as headache, drowsiness, cold sweating, and fatigue. Illusory self-motion is a purely central nervous system (visual-vestibular) stimulation that evokes dramatic shifts in gastric electrical activity and significant release of the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin. Central nervous systems pathways that evoke gastric dysrhythmias and release vasopressin may also have a pathophysiologic role in the cyclic vomiting syndrome.
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PMID:Illusory self-motion and motion sickness: a model for brain-gut interactions and nausea. 1049 40

Cyclic vomiting syndrome is an idiopathic disorder characterized by attacks of severe vomiting, interspersed with normal periods, and found in patients with a family history of migraine headaches. In this report, we investigated the characterization of the autonomic abnormalities in cyclic vomiting syndrome, contrasting them with values in pediatric population, as well as adults with migraine headache. We studied five groups: 41 normal pediatric controls (NPC), 12 patients with pediatric chronic vomiting (PCV), 15 patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), 21 adults patients with migraine headaches (MHA), and 40 normal adult controls (NAC). We studied the sympathetic and cholinergic functions: two measures of sympathetic adrenergic function-vasoconstriction to cold and postural adjustment ratio; two measures of vagal cholinergic function--Valsalva ratio and ECG R-R interval; and one measure of total autonomic score. Comparisons were performed between and within groups by t tests and reported as mean +/- SEM. Although cholinergic function measures were lower in cyclic vomiting and migraine groups, the most distinct abnormality was low postural adjustment ratio in both cyclic vomiting and migraine groups vs normal pediatric and pediatric chronic vomiting groups. There was also a significant difference between cyclic vomiting and pediatric chronic vomiting groups (P < 0.05 in three other parameters). Cyclic vomiting syndrome is associated with distinctive adrenergic autonomic abnormalities similar to those in patients with migraine headaches and is usually characterized by a low postural adjustment ratio. These findings may have implications for both confirmation and diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome.
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PMID:Autonomic function in cyclic vomiting syndrome and classic migraine. 1049 43

An aged male with a known history of abdominal aortic aneurysm suffered from epigastralgia, vomiting and cold sweating for one day. According to the physical examination, serum amylase level and computed tomographic examination, acute pancreatitis was diagnosed. Surgical intervention for the abdominal aortic aneurysm was not performed because of his age, and finally this patient died after three recurrent episodes. Acute pancreatitis co-existing with an intact abdominal aortic aneurysm has never been reported before. The possible pathogenesis of this recurrent acute pancreatitis was discussed.
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PMID:Abdominal aortic aneurysm compression is probably responsible for the recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis: case report. 1052 53

A 49-year-old woman, with a two-year-history of multiple screlosis (MS), noticed postural dizziness, intractable hiccups and vomiting. On admission, she had mild quadriparesis, hypesthesia below the C5 level, and a girdle sensation at the T5 and L1 levels. A CSF examination showed slight increases in the protein level (48 mg/dl) and cell count (7/mm3). Brain MRI demonstrated no obvious lesion in the medulla oblongata. The head-up-tilting test showed a decrease in the blood pressure from 105/63 mmHg to 70/55 mmHg. The pulse rate, however, increased from 57/min to 72/min. The cold pressure test also revealed a mild impairement in her blood pressure response. The R-R interval variation (coefficient of variation: CVRR) during normal breathing was 2.58 (normal: > 1.66). The valsalva ratio was 1.84 (normal: 1.4-2.0). The Aschner eye-ball pressure test, the blood pressure response to the injection of epinephrine, and the sweating response to the injection of acetylcholine were all normal. She was thus administered domperidone and chlorpromazine. Only domperidone effectively improved the nausea and vomiting. All symptoms, including orthostatic hypotension, hiccups and vomiting, disappeared about one month after admission. The remission of her symptoms was considered to reflect the natural course of MS. The results of autonomic nervous system function tests and her clinical features suggest that an irritable lesion in the medullary tegmentum, including the nucleus tractus solitarii, most likely caused her symptoms. The above findings indicate that autonomic symptoms, such as orthstatic hypotension, hiccups and vomiting, may sometimes be the only symptoms observed in a relapse of MS.
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PMID:[A case of relapsing multiple sclerosis presenting with only autonomic symptoms including orthostatic hypotension, hiccups and vomiting]. 1061 56

The causes of pituitary apoplexy are unclear. We report a case of pituitary apoplexy presenting with headache and nausea. On June 17th, 1997 a 74-year-old woman had complained of retro-orbital headache, fever and vomiting. A cold was diagnosed for which she recurred medication. In addition to the previous symptoms she was getting to lose appetite. She was admitted to our hospital for further examination and treatment on June 21. On admission neurological examination showed left pupil mydriasis, the left eye had no light reflex and the right eye had only a slight response to the light. She could hardly move both eyeballs up. Laboratory data showed a normal white blood cell count and the CRP was 16.2 mg/dl. Lumbar puncture showed 97 mg/dl total protein and 82 cells per microliter, most of which were lymphocytes. We diagnosed viral infection based on the evidence of clinical symptoms and lumbar puncture data. The patient was treated with gamma-globulin and improved. From the 16th day of sickness we recognized symptoms of oculomotor paralysis and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. On the 23rd day of sickness we strongly suspected pituitary apoplexy based on transaxial MR images. After absorption of intra-tumor hemorrhage, the oculomotor symptoms recurred. We finally reached a diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy based on pathological material, MR images, symptoms and laboratory data. We must think of pituitary apoplexy when we see an aged out-patient with severe headache, nausea, vomiting and oculomotor paralysis. It was difficult to diagnose this disease in the early time course of the disease.
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PMID:[A case of pituitary apoplexy approving as severe headache and nausea]. 1065 40

The authors report a case of tianeptine abuse in a 30 year-old woman. After a medical prescription of the recommended dosage of 12.5 mg 3 times daily of oral tianeptine for a depressive illness, the patient spontaneously increased the dosage which after two months reached 150 tablets per day. No severe toxic effects were observed. As adverse effects, the patient, in the beginning of this high treatment period suffered from nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia with weight loss, constipation. These side effects progressively disappeared. The biological tolerance was excellent, and hepatic parameters were not affected. The patient experienced and seek a psychostimulant effect. After seven months of such a therapy, she was hospitalized to undergo a withdrawal. The discontinuation of the tianeptine treatment occurs in four days. A withdrawal syndrome marked by myalgia, and cold feeling was transient, and alleviated by sedative phenothiazine (cyamemazine) and myorelaxant benzodiazepine (tetrazepam).
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PMID:[Abuse of tianeptine. A case report]. 1066 14


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