Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, it has been known that the aminosidine has marked anthelmintic efficacy against tapeworm. In this investigation, aminosidine was used for treating 14 cases with Ciphyllobothrium latum infection and 5 cases with Taenia saginata infection. Aminosidine was administered orally in a single dose of 50 mg/kg, followed by a purge after the treatment. Fourteen patients with D. latum infection and 5 patients with T. saginata infection expelled long strobila in all cases. Although only 7 scolices of 18 worms of D. latum were found in the stool and no scolex of T. saginata was found, follow-up examination for a long period showed no evidence of remaining infection with one exception of D. latum. Mild nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain were observed in only one of 19 cases given aminosidine. But in the other 18 cases, no side effects were encountered. It was concluded that aminosidine is safe, effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of cestodiasis in man.
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PMID:[Treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata infections with aminosidine (author's transl)]. 51

Recently, it has been reported that paromomycin sulfate has marked anthelmintic efficacy against tapeworm infections in man. In the present study this drug was used in the treatment of 14 cases of diphyllobothriasis latum and 1 case of taeniasis saginata. Also, the actions of paromomycin sulfate on Diphyllobothrium ditremum and D. erinacei were examined pharmacologically using Magnus apparatus and biochemical methods. The results obtained were as follows. For the treatment, a total of 50 mg/kg of paromomycin sulfate divided into 2 doses was given orally at intervals of 30 minutes. Two hours after medication, 20 g of magnesium sulfate dissolved in 200--300 ml of water was given as purgative. One or 2 worms were found in the stools of 11 cases with D. latum and 1 case with T. saginata within 24 hours after medication, but scolex was found in only 2 of them. All cases were negative for the eggs or segments in stool examinations at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Except 1 case complained mild and transient vomiting no side effects were noticed. All cases showed no abnormality in blood examination, liver function test and urinalysis. Both of the proglottids of D. ditremum and D. erinacei showed muscle relaxation in Tyrode solution containing 10(-4) g/ml of paromomycin sulfate. In D. ditremum the recovery of muscle tonus was observed within 10--15 minutes after affection of this drug, while the persistence of muscle relaxation was seen in D. erinacei. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase was slightly inhibited by 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were not inhibited. In phosphoenolpyruvate-succinate pathway, the activity of fumarate reductase was slightly inhibited 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malate dehydrogenase were not inhibited.
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PMID:[Efficacy of paromomycin sulfate against human cestodiasis and its pharmacological action on tapeworm in vitro]. 687 66

We report a 25-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and fever, and had an epigastric lump on examination. At laparotomy she was diagnosed to have acute segmental jejunitis. Three days postoperative, she vomited a 2-meter-long tapeworm (Taenia saginata), a rare route of expulsion.
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PMID:Oral expulsion of Taenia saginata. 911 81

A parasitic tapeworm, called Taneia Echinococcus, causes hydatid disease. Hydatid disease is endemic in sheep and cattle-raising areas of the world. Hydatid disease of the central nervous system constitutes 2%-3% of all reported cases of hydatid cysts. In our institution, 23 children underwent surgery for intracranial hydatid cysts between 1979 and 1995. There were 14 boys and 9 girls, aged between 3 to 16 years (mean 8.8 years). Signs and symptoms were related to the site and size of the cyst. Headache and vomiting due to increased intracranial pressure were the most common presenting symptoms. A round cystic lesion without perifocal edema and rim enhancement is the characteristic appearance on a computed tomography (CT) scan. A magnetic resonance image visualizes cyst location better than CT. Associated systemic hydatidosis in four of our patients involved kidney, liver, lung, and liver and lung, respectively. Intact cyst removal was achieved in 14 patients. In three patients with infected or inflamed hydatid disease, the ruptured cyst capsule was totally resected. Aspiration and extirpation were performed in only one patient. Eleven patients were treated with chemotherapeutic agents such as albendazole or mebendazole due to cyst rupture during surgery or associated systemic hydatid disease. Hydatid disease can also be seen in Western countries because of travel and migration. Cerebral hydatid cyst should be kept in mind for the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions.
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PMID:Cerebral hydatid cysts in children. 1063 3

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus, and it is common in Mediterranean regions. Cystic lesions cause symptoms via compressing adjacent organs or may be totally silent. Morbidity is usually secondary to free rupture of the echinococcal cyst with or without anaphylaxis, infection of the cyst or dysfunction of affected organs. The cyst of Echinococcus granulosus is commonly located in the liver and frequently causes no symptoms. Anaphylactic reactions as a result of cyst perforation generally occur during interventions such as needle aspiration or open surgery; however, the spillage of cyst fluid with intravascular spread resulting from trauma may also trigger anaphylaxis, and rare case reports of this kind are present in the literature. We report the case of a 17-year-old man who was admitted to the public hospital with a sudden onset of nausea, vomiting and fainting. After a short period of intervention in the emergency department he died. As the cause of his sudden death was unknown, a forensic autopsy was carried out by the Forensic Council of Turkey. The autopsy revealed a macroscopically non-ruptured hydatid cyst in the liver and laryngeal oedema. In histopathological examination, two scolices in the pulmonary artery and inflammatory infiltration mainly composed of mast cells in the larynx were detected. Sudden death in this case was attributed to anaphylactic shock caused by intravascular spread of the cyst contents.
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PMID:Non-ruptured hydatid cyst can lead to death by spread of cyst content into bloodstream: an autopsy case. 1587 31

Taeniasis is a helminthic infection endemic in southeast Asia, including Taiwan. Recent studies suggest that Asian Taenia is a new subspecies of Taenia saginata and has been renamed as Taenia saginata asiatica. It is usually asymptomatic or associated with only mild gastrointestinal symptoms. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with acute epigastric pain and vomiting. Her levels of amylase and lipase were significantly elevated on admission. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed proglottids of a tapeworm in the papilla of the duodenum. The epigastric pain subsided and the amylase and lipase levels decreased after removal of the tapeworm by endoscopy and anthelminthic treatment. Although parasites are not an uncommon cause of pancreatitis, especially in disease-endemic areas, it is rare for Taenia to cause acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis caused by tapeworm in the biliary tract. 1610 8

Vinzenz Priessnitz (1799-1851) did not only carry out water treatments within the scope of his cure, but also movement therapy, aerial and solar baths, natural lifestyle and, above all, diet therapy. According to the literature Priessnitz only seldom allowed starvation within his cure because this would break his preferred principle of restoration. Nevertheless, the widely unknown 'Vinzenz Priessnitz family water book' which he dictated to his daughter Sophie in 1847, includes 13 orders of starvation for a series of indications (breast inflammations, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, cholera, intestines inflammation, tapeworm) and symptoms (diarrhoea and vomiting, heart cramp, head woe, faint, stone pains, feeling of sickness). Furthermore, it comprises diet recommendations on cold water drinking, milk and cold confection of pastry, compote and buttermilk, vegetables, fruit and strawberries, fruit and frozen food, no meat, little meat and cold food. In the view of the literature, these diet principles and means as well as their applications then and now are discussed. As for those days the Priessnitz diet was quite modern, manifold, logic and 'natural'.
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PMID:Starvation and diet according to the Vinzenz Priessnitz family water book of 1847. 1734 85

Hydatid disease is a parasitic tapeworm infestation. Anaphylactic reactions as a result of cyst perforation generally occur after trauma during a spread of cystic fluid in the intravascular space, which may also initiate anaphylaxis. The reported case was a 17-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital emergency department with a sudden onset of nausea, vomiting and fainting, resulting in death. The cause of his sudden death was unknown. Autopsy macroscopically revealed hydatid cysts in the liver. In the histopathological examination, hydatid cyst was recognized by scolices and also an inflammatory infiltration composed mainly of mast cells in the myocardium was detected. Sudden death in this case was attributed to allergic myocardial infarction due to intravascular spread of the hydatid cyst content (Fig. 2, Ref. 10).
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PMID:Allergic myocardial infarction due to hydatid cyst: an autopsy case. 2063 82

Canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis (CPLC) is a poorly understood disease of dogs caused by asexual multiplication of larval Mesocestoides spp. tapeworms. In this study, we examined the descriptive statistics and survival characteristics of 60 dogs diagnosed with CPLC from 1989 to 2009. Clinically affected dogs presented with ascites (60%), anorexia/weight loss (42%), vomiting (23%), diarrhea (9%) and tachypnea (9%), while subclinical infections (22%) were incidentally detected, typically during ovariohysterectomy or neuter. Survival at 6 months and 1 year post-diagnosis were 72.3% and 60.5%, respectively, and survival was not affected by sex or age. Using Cox proportional hazard analyses, we determined that the most significant factors influencing survival were the severity of clinical signs at the time of diagnosis and application of an aggressive treatment strategy after diagnosis. Dogs that were not treated aggressively were >5 times more likely to die than dogs that were treated with a combination of surgery/lavage and high doses of fenbendazole.
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PMID:Survival analysis of dogs diagnosed with canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis (Mesocestoides spp.). 2149 43

Cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. The parasite may infect the central nervous system, causing neurocysticercosis (NCC). The clinical manifestations depend on load, type, size, location, stage of development of the cysticerci, and the host's immune response against the parasite. The racemose variety occurs in the ventricles or basal cisterns and is a malignant form. Mobile ventricular mass can produce episodic hydrocephalus on changing head posture with attacks of headache, vomiting, and vertigo, triggered by abrupt movement of the head, a phenomenon called Bruns' syndrome (BS). We report a patient with racemose NCC and BS.
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PMID:Bruns' syndrome and racemose neurocysticercosis: a case report. 2253 7


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