Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combination chemotherapy including cisplatin was administered intraarterially from the internal iliac artery as neoadjuvant chemotherapy to six patients with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (stage higher than IIIB of FIGO). The drugs and doses were mitomycin-C 10 mg/m2, vincristine 1 mg/m2, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2. Two or three courses were repeated at intervals of 3 weeks. In three patients, dose reductions were undertaken for decreased renal function and thrombocytopenia. Partial response was, however, observed in all patients (response rate 100%), and five of six patients were able to undergo a radical hysterectomy. The major toxic effects were leukocytopenia, nausea, and vomiting. Our preliminary experience suggests that pelvic intraarterial infusion of combination chemotherapy is effective against primary and advanced uterine cervical cancer, and this preoperative treatment can lead to easier radical hysterectomy. However, further studies are warranted.
 ...
PMID:Neoadjuvant intraarterial infusion chemotherapy with a combination of mitomycin-C, vincristine, and cisplatin for locally advanced cervical cancer: a preliminary report. 147 55

Twenty-five patients, ranging from 21 to 61 years of age (median = 45 years), with histologically proven recurrent and advanced cervical cancer were treated with chemotherapy using a combination of bleomycin, ifosfamide, and cis-platinum (BIP). Twenty-one patients were evaluable for response. Ninety percent of patients achieved a subjective response. An objective response was noted in 14 of 21 (66.6%) patients: complete in 4 (19%) and partial in 10 (47.6%). Side effects were mainly nausea/vomiting, alopecia, myelosuppression, reversible encephalopathy, and impaired renal function. One patient died from the toxic effects of chemotherapy. These results indicate that BIP is an active combination in recurrent cervical cancer with acceptable toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Chemotherapy in recurrent and advanced cervical cancer. 171 53

Ifosfamide is an oxazaphosphorine alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity. It is a prodrug metabolised in the liver by cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase enzymes to isofosforamide mustard, the active alkylating compound. Mesna, a uroprotective thiol agent, is routinely administered concomitantly with ifosfamide, and has almost eliminated ifosfamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis and has reduced nephron toxicity. Therapeutic studies, mostly noncomparative in nature, have demonstrated the efficacy of ifosfamide/mesna alone, or more commonly as a component of combination regimens, in a variety of cancers. In patients with relapsed or refractory disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer, a salvage regimen of ifosfamide/mesna, cisplatin and either etoposide or vinblastine produced complete response in approximately one-quarter of patients. As a component of both induction and salvage chemotherapeutic regimens, ifosfamide/mesna has produced favourable response rates in small cell lung cancer, paediatric solid tumours, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, and ovarian cancer. Induction therapy with ifosfamide/mesna-containing chemotherapeutic regimens has been encouraging in non-small cell lung cancer, adult soft-tissue sarcomas, and as neoadjuvant therapy in advanced cervical cancer. As salvage therapy, ifosfamide/mesna-containing combinations have a palliative role in advanced breast cancer and advanced cervical cancer. Ifosfamide/mesna can elicit responses in patients refractory to numerous other antineoplastic drugs, including cyclophosphamide. With administration of concomitant mesna to protect against ifosfamide-induced urotoxicity, the principal dose-limiting toxicity of ifosfamide is myelosuppression; leucopenia is generally more severe than thrombocytopenia. Reversible CNS adverse effects ranging from mild somnolence and confusion to severe encephalopathy and coma can occur in approximately 10 to 20% of patients after intravenous infusion, and the incidence of neurotoxicity may be increased to 50% after oral administration because of differences in the preferential route of metabolism between the 2 routes of administration. Other adverse effects of ifosfamide include nephrotoxicity, alopecia, and nausea/vomiting. In general, intravenously administered mesna is associated with a low incidence of adverse effects; however, gastrointestinal disturbances are common following oral administration. Thus, ifosfamide/mesna is an important and worthwhile addition to the currently available range of chemotherapeutic agents. It has a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity and causes less marked myelosuppression than many other cytotoxic agents. At present, the role of ifosfamide/mesna in refractory germ cell testicular cancer is clearly defined; however, its overall place in the treatment of other forms of cancer awaits delineation in future well-controlled comparative studies.
 ...
PMID:Ifosfamide/mesna. A review of its antineoplastic activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in cancer. 172 Mar 82

An early Phase II study of CTP-11, a new derivative of Camptothecin, in gynecologic cancers was carried out by a cooperative study group of 9 institutions. Forty-six patients were enrolled, and there were 14 cases of ovarian cancers, 7 of cervical cancer, 6 of uterine body cancers and 1 of endometrial stromal sarcoma which satisfied study criteria. The response rate in ovarian cancers was 21.4%, and in cervical cancers 42.9%, among an overall rate of 21.4%. Three out of 6 patients with objective response had undergone previous chemotherapies including cisplatin, suggesting that CPT-11 was effective for patients with no response or refractory to these therapies. Leukopenia was a major adverse reaction with an incidence of 60.0% (grade 2 or more). Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea were frequently observed (grade 2 or more; 13.3-43.3%). These were generally tolerable except in a few cases. Besides these reactions, alopecia was also observed (33.3%), but severe adverse reactions such as nephropathy were not. These results suggested that CPT-11 was effective against ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. The recommended dose regimen for a late phase II study is considered to be 100 mg/m2 once weekly and 150 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks.
 ...
PMID:[An early phase II study of CPT-11 in gynecologic cancers. Research Group of CPT-11 in Gynecologic Cancers]. 201

A prospective study of the effects of radiation therapy (RT) on para-aortic lymph nodes in uterine cervical cancer was conducted. As part of the study, cimetidine (800 mg daily) was administered during RT to relieve and prevent adverse reactions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by RT. In half of the patients, cimetidine (400 mg daily) was continued after RT was finished. The RT field was 7 to 8 cm wide and covered the area from the 4th lumbar to 11th thoracic vertebrae. The total dose administered was 45 Gy in 25 fractions over a five-week period. From September 1986 through October 1987, 89 patients were entered in this study. During RT, only slight gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, fatigue, and epigastralgia, were observed. These symptoms increased when cimetidine was withdrawn, but not in the patients who continued to receive cimetidine. It is concluded that cimetidine during and after RT can reduce the acute and subacute side effects of RT.
 ...
PMID:Radiation therapy of the para-aortic lymph nodes in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: the concurrent use of cimetidine to reduce acute and subacute side effects from radiation. 218 42

It is estimated that in 1988 there will be 12,900 cancers of the uterine cervix, representing 2.6% of cancers in women. Radiation therapy has been the primary mode of therapy/palliation; for the past 15-20 years survival results achieved with radiotherapy have plateaued. Attempts have been made to find agents to use with radiation aimed at decreasing recurrence and increasing survival. Phase II studies suggest cisplatin may be an excellent agent to combine with radiotherapy. This study was performed to evaluate the toxicity of this combination. Between December 10, 1980, and August 29, 1986, nine patients with advanced cervical cancer and poor prognosis and one patient with recurrent disease were enrolled. The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) criteria for adverse effects were used in this study. Hematologic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and skin parameters were examined. Most adverse criteria had a score of 2 or less. Grade 2 nausea/vomiting was the most frequent problem. Anemia was the next most frequent and was the most serious problem encountered. Overall, the toxicity was acceptable; therefore it seems appropriate to proceed to larger studies to evaluate efficacy.
 ...
PMID:Advanced cervical cancer therapy: concurrent radiation therapy and cisplatin chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer--a toxicity report. 258 27

Forty-two patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma were treated with bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin C with or without methotrexate (BOM +/- M). The overall response rate of 64% (complete response [CR] rate, 19%) included 19 responses among 26 patients (seven CRs) with head and neck cancer, three responses among eight patients with cervical cancer, and three responses among five patients (one CR) with lung cancer. Six of 12 patients (two CRs) responded to BOM and 21 of 30 patients (six CRs) responded to BOMM. The median duration of response was 16 weeks. Toxic effects included nausea or vomiting in 33% of the patients, fever of > 101 degrees C in 26%, stomatitis in 29% and pulmonary toxicity in 19%. Four of eight cases of pulmonary toxicity were fatal and the incidence was related to the amount of both bleomycin and mitomycin C administered. The occurrence of pulmonary toxicity could not be predicted by serial determination of pulmonary function or blood gases. A wbc count nadir of < 2500/mm3 occurred in 15 of 42 patients. There were two episodes of sepsis with one death. A platelet count nadir of > 75,000/mm3 occurred in eight of 42 patients with no episodes of hemorrhage. BOMM produces a high objective response rate in patients with squamous cell cancer. However, the duration of remission is brief, and use of the regimen carries an increased risk of fatal pulmonary toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin C with or without methotrexate in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. 616 Sep 14

A phase II combination chemotherapy protocol combining methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin was designed to evaluate tumor response and survival in patients with advanced/recurrent cervix and vaginal cancer. Twenty-nine patients with advanced/recurrent cervix cancer and three patients with advanced vaginal cancer who had not previously received cytotoxic chemotherapy were assigned to chemotherapy treatment at 4-week intervals with methotrexate 30 mg/m2 i.v., Day 1, vinblastine 3 mg/m2 i.v., Days 2, 15, and 22, doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 i.v., Day 2, and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 i.v., Day 2. After a median of 4 cycles (maximum number 2 cycles beyond complete regression; 6 cycles with stable regression); we observed objective regressions in all 3 patients with vaginal cancer and 19 patients (66%, 95% CI = 46.82) with cervix cancer including complete regression in 6 patients (21%, 95% CI = 8.40) and partial regression in 13 patients (45%, 95% CI = 26.64). Median overall survival was 11.5 months (range 1.1-54+). Median survival of responders was 12.8 months (range 3.6-54+). Toxicity included neutropenia, alopecia, nausea, emesis, and stomatitis. Although grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was observed in over half of the patients, there were no treatment-related deaths. In conclusion, MVAC is a highly active outpatient chemotherapy regimen in patients with advanced/recurrent cervix cancer, achieving a high complete and partial response rate with moderate hematologic toxicity. These results need to be confirmed by phase III trial in advanced disease patients and MVAC may be a suitable regimen for investigation in neoadjuvant chemotherapy trials in poor prognosis, previously untreated patients.
 ...
PMID:Phase II trial of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced/recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix and vagina. 772 41

We conducted a multi-institutional phase I clinical study on a 21-consecutive-day oral administration of etoposide in 12 patients with malignant tumor. The initial dose was 25 mg/body/day and then raised to 50 mg/body/day and eventually to 75 mg/body/day. The dose limiting factor was leukopenia and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 75 mg/body/day. Leukopenia was observed in all 4 patients registered at 75 mg/body/day. Two of 4 patients showed WBC count nadirs of less than 2,000/microliters. The two patients had less than 1.5 m2 body surface area. Thrombocytopenia and hemoglobin decrease were mild compared to leukopenia. Other adverse reactions were as follows; anorexia (75.0%), nausea/vomiting (58.3%) alopecia (46.1%). No sign of accumulation after 21-consecutive-day oral administration of etoposide was seen on pharmacokinetic parameters. As for anti-tumor efficacy, a partial response was noted in a patient with lung metastasis of cervical cancer at the 75 mg/body/day dose level. A recommended dose for phase II study was 75 mg/body/day for 21 consecutive days with a one-week interval. However, for a patient with a body surface area less than 1.5 m2 or with a severe prior chemotherapy, 50 mg/body/day would be considered appropriate.
 ...
PMID:[Phase I clinical study of 21-consecutive-day oral administration of etoposide]. 806 Jan 39

Over the last couple of decades a reduction of estrogen by at least 80% in combined oral contraceptives (OCs) and much research have resulted in effective and safe contraception. We still do not know longterm effects of OCs however. OCs may protect against endometrial and ovarian cancer. A link between current OC use and liver cancer exists in areas where liver cancer is rare. An association between OC use and cervical cancer disappears when researchers control for sexual activity and barrier method use. Some research shows OC use increases the risk of breast cancer, while other research does not. There does appear to be an increased risk of breast cancer developing in women younger than 46 years of age and who have used OCs for at least 10 years. Women who have a preexisting cardiovascular condition and/or smoke should not use OCs. OC progestogens may impair glucose metabolism in healthy women, but just for 6 months. Women with diabetes mellitus can use OCs, but may need to increase insulin intake. OCs can cause hypertension in 4-5% of healthy women and worsen hypertension in about 9-16% of hypertensive women. Progestogen-only OCs have fewer systemic side effects than combined OCs, but often cause menstrual changes. Their long term effects are not yet known. Injectables containing a progestogen cause few, if any, adverse effects. The subdermal implant, Norplant, tends to cause menstrual disturbances, but is safe and effective. Progestogen - only vaginal rings are as effective as progestogen-only OCs, but menstrual irregularities are common. Failure rates for combined vaginal rings match those of combined OCs. Long-term effects of vaginal rings are not known. Postcoital contraception does not cause serious side effects, but may cause vomiting and menstrual irregularities. A levonorgestrel-releasing IUD is effective and reduces menstrual blood loss, sometimes resulting in amenorrhea. Hormonal injections in men are unlikely in the near future.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal contraception. 829 64


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>