Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex, for primary lung cancer was conducted by the 254-S Lung Cancer Study Group consisting of 15 institutions nation-wide. Considering the results of the phase I clinical study, 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion and this administration was repeated at least 2 times at 4-week intervals. Of 75 patients registered, 61 patients consisting of 22 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 39 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluable for complete tumor response. Partial response (PR) was obtained in 17 patients, for a 27.9% response rate. The response rate for SCLC was 40.9% (9 PR in 22 patients) and that for NSCLC was 20.5% (8 PR in 39 patients). In SCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 50.0% (5 PR in 10 patients) response rate was obtained. In those with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 33.3% (4 PR in 12 patients). In NSCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 22.6% (7 PR in 31 patients) response rate was obtained. In hose with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 12.5% (1 PR in 8 patients). Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity such as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Nephrotoxicity observed was mild and infrequent in spite of the low-volume hydration performed. Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of primary lung cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for primary lung cancer]. 131 98

We treated 34 chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIb or IV non-small cell lung cancer with trimetrexate 150-200 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes every two weeks. Six of 31 evaluable patients (19%) achieved a partial response. The major toxic effects from this regimen were myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting, and skin rash. We conclude that this well-tolerated schedule of trimetrexate has significant activity as a single agent against non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Phase II trial of trimetrexate for unresectable or metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 133 71

Cisplatin has many toxic effects; emesis, impairment of renal function, myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity and renal tubular wasting. We used MVP regimen (Mitomycin C, Vp-16, and Cisplatin) in advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Using hydration and prophylactic supplementation of sodium and potassium before and during chemotherapy, we have observed the development of hyponatremia in 48 courses (43%), hypokalemia in 23 courses and hypomagnesemia in 11 courses. Some patients showed abnormalities of renal function in 16 courses. All the electrolyte depletion and renal problem was corrected before next courses by hydration and replacement of the wasting. Frequent measurement of serum cation and appropriate replacement are recommended when high dose Cisplatin containing regimen is used in chemotherapy of neoplasms.
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PMID:Renal salt wasting in patients treated with high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and mitomycin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 133 77

Twenty-eight patients with locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin (120 mg/m2 on days 1 and 29) and vinblastine (4 mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks). At the completion of induction chemotherapy, all patients were assessed for resectability. Those patients judged to be resectable underwent thoracotomy. All remaining patients received thoracic radiation therapy (5500 cGy) followed by additional chemotherapy in those patients responding to neoadjuvant treatment. There were 15 partial responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for an overall response rate of 54% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 71%). Only five partially responding patients (18%) were thought to have had sufficient tumor regression to allow for a potentially curative resection. However, a complete resection was done in only two patients. Overall median survival was 12 months (range, 4 to 72 months) with 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates of 54%, 39%, and 11%, respectively. The primary toxicity associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was moderate to severe (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Grade 3 or 4) nausea and emesis in 25% of patients. Hematologic toxicity was relatively modest; only one patient had Grade 4 leukopenia (less than 1000/microliter). Fever and neutropenia were uncommon, and there were no documented septic episodes or treatment-related deaths. Compared with historic controls treated with radiation therapy alone, cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy appeared to improve the median and long-term survival of Stage III NSCLC patients modestly.
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PMID:Neoadjuvant cisplatin plus vinblastine chemotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 165 2

24 patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (14 stage IIIB and 10 stage IV) with a performance status of 70% or higher and without liver metastases received 120-165 mg/m2 epirubicin as an intravenous bolus every 21-28 days up to the maximum cumulative dose of 900 mg/m2. 6 patients (25%) (95% confidence limits 9.8-46.7%) achieved partial remission for a median duration of 7.5 months (range: 3-13+). The median dose actually administered per course was 120 mg/m2 in responsive and non-responsive patients. The dose-limiting side-effect was neutropenia. 1 patient receiving the higher dose died of drug-related infection. Other non-dose-related grade 3 side-effects were alopecia (100%) and vomiting (17%). In 4 patients, the treatment was interrupted because of a greater than 10% reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction as calculated by radionuclide angiocardiography. None of these patients suffered from cardiac symptoms. The median survival was 10 months (range 1-16). These data suggest that epirubicin at 120-135 mg/m2 may have higher antitumour activity than standard doses in patients with NSCLC. Further studies are needed to clarify whether or not high-dose epirubicin increases, the risk of cardiotoxicity compared to standard doses.
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PMID:Activity of high-dose epirubicin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 165 41

A total of 14 patients with locally advanced and unresectable head and neck (SCCHN) or non small cell lung cancer were treated with a definitive course of radiation therapy with conventional fractionation and 30 mg/m2 carboplatin (CBDCA) given daily as an i.v. infusion during the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks of the combined treatment. The planned tumor dose of at least 7000 cGy was reached in all SCCHN patients except 1 (6600 cGy). The 2 NSCLC patients received 6320 and 5980 cGy, respectively. The planned total CBDCA-dose of 600 mg/m2 was administered in all patients. No treatment delays were required in 10 patients. Interruptions for severe mucositis or myelosuppression occurred in 4 patients (28.6%), but in no case did the delay exceed 1 week. Complete response was obtained in 8 patients (57.1%); 7 of the 12 with SCCHN and 1 of the 2 with NSCLC. The other 6 patients achieved a partial response. Granulocytopenia of WHO grade 3 occurred in 1 patient; apart from vomiting and mucositis, toxicities above grade 2 were not observed.
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PMID:Daily low-dose carboplatin and standard radiotherapy in unresectable head and neck and lung cancers: a pilot study. 166 54

Ifosfamide is an oxazaphosphorine alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity. It is a prodrug metabolised in the liver by cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase enzymes to isofosforamide mustard, the active alkylating compound. Mesna, a uroprotective thiol agent, is routinely administered concomitantly with ifosfamide, and has almost eliminated ifosfamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis and has reduced nephron toxicity. Therapeutic studies, mostly noncomparative in nature, have demonstrated the efficacy of ifosfamide/mesna alone, or more commonly as a component of combination regimens, in a variety of cancers. In patients with relapsed or refractory disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer, a salvage regimen of ifosfamide/mesna, cisplatin and either etoposide or vinblastine produced complete response in approximately one-quarter of patients. As a component of both induction and salvage chemotherapeutic regimens, ifosfamide/mesna has produced favourable response rates in small cell lung cancer, paediatric solid tumours, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, and ovarian cancer. Induction therapy with ifosfamide/mesna-containing chemotherapeutic regimens has been encouraging in non-small cell lung cancer, adult soft-tissue sarcomas, and as neoadjuvant therapy in advanced cervical cancer. As salvage therapy, ifosfamide/mesna-containing combinations have a palliative role in advanced breast cancer and advanced cervical cancer. Ifosfamide/mesna can elicit responses in patients refractory to numerous other antineoplastic drugs, including cyclophosphamide. With administration of concomitant mesna to protect against ifosfamide-induced urotoxicity, the principal dose-limiting toxicity of ifosfamide is myelosuppression; leucopenia is generally more severe than thrombocytopenia. Reversible CNS adverse effects ranging from mild somnolence and confusion to severe encephalopathy and coma can occur in approximately 10 to 20% of patients after intravenous infusion, and the incidence of neurotoxicity may be increased to 50% after oral administration because of differences in the preferential route of metabolism between the 2 routes of administration. Other adverse effects of ifosfamide include nephrotoxicity, alopecia, and nausea/vomiting. In general, intravenously administered mesna is associated with a low incidence of adverse effects; however, gastrointestinal disturbances are common following oral administration. Thus, ifosfamide/mesna is an important and worthwhile addition to the currently available range of chemotherapeutic agents. It has a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity and causes less marked myelosuppression than many other cytotoxic agents. At present, the role of ifosfamide/mesna in refractory germ cell testicular cancer is clearly defined; however, its overall place in the treatment of other forms of cancer awaits delineation in future well-controlled comparative studies.
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PMID:Ifosfamide/mesna. A review of its antineoplastic activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in cancer. 172 Mar 82

Sixty-one patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive vindesine (3 mg/m2, day 1, 8, 15) plus either three cisplatins (35 mg/m2, day 1, 8, 15) or one cisplatin (80 mg/m2, day 1). Among the 61 patients, the number of complete cases treated by the former administration schedule (group A) was 24 and by the latter schedule (group B) was 27. The response rate of group A was 25.0% and that of group B was 22.2%. There was no significant difference between survival curves of group A and B. The median survival times of group A and B were 8.5 months and 7.5, respectively. Regarding the incidence rate of various side effects, no difference was found between the two groups. However, according to the WHO grade of side effects, nausea/vomiting in group A was significantly milder than in group B. The grade of leukopenia in group A showed a tendency to be milder than in group B. In conclusion, in terms of tumor response, vindesine plus three doses of cisplatin was no better than conventional vindesine plus cisplatin chemotherapy, however side effects of the former were slightly less severe.
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PMID:[Comparative study on vindesine plus cisplatin treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer--three divided doses (35 mg/m2, day 1, 8, 15) and single dose (80 mg/m2, day 1) of cisplatin. Chiba Lung Cancer Study Group]. 184 21

Nineteen patients with non-small cell lung cancer (eight patients with adenocarcinoma, nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma, one patient with large cell carcinoma and one patient with sarcoma) who had not received previous chemotherapy were treated with a combination of adriamycin (30 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1), cisplatin (80 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1) and etoposide (70 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1-5). This chemotherapy regimen was repeated as long as possible for patients in whom PR was induced. Among all patients, CR was induced in none and 6 showed a PR (response rate 32%). However, 4 (56%) squamous cell carcinoma patients also showed PR. The median response duration in 6 PR patients was 28 weeks, and the median survival time in all patients was also 28 weeks. Mild to severe hematologic toxicities were induced and one patient died during myelosuppression. However almost all cases were reversible. Other toxicities included alopecia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, peripheral neuropathy and myocardial infarction which were reversible and manageable. The APVp therapy may be a valuable regimen for non-small cell lung cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[Adriamycin, cisplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer]. 184 90

Twenty-eight patients with refractory advanced malignancies were treated with a 24-hour infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin (LV), and N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) weekly. Twenty-seven patients were evaluable to assess toxicity and antitumor activity. The PALA was administered as an intravenous bolus over 15 minutes at a fixed dose (250 mg/m2) 24 hours before the start of the 5-FU and leucovorin infusions. Initially the dose of 5-FU was 750 mg/m2; this was increased incrementally to 2600 mg/m2. The LV was administered in a fixed dose of 500 mg/m2 concurrently with the 5-FU over a 24-hour period. This regimen was repeated weekly. Diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea, and vomiting were among the dose-limiting toxicities. Others were hand-foot syndrome, hair loss of the scalp and eyelashes, overall weakness, rhinitis, and chemical conjunctivitis. The maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU in this combination and schedule was 2600 mg/m2. Seven of 14 patients treated with 2600 mg/m2 were able to tolerate the chemotherapy on a weekly basis without interruption. The other seven patients required dose reductions, but most received 5-FU at a dose of 2100 mg/m2. Twenty-three of 27 patients were treated previously. Eight patients had a partial response; five of these were treated previously. A complete response was observed in one patient with pancreatic carcinoma, previously untreated. The overall response rate for patients treated with 2100 or 2600 mg/m2 of 5-FU was nine of 18 patients (50%). Three of four previously untreated patients with pancreatic cancer responded to this treatment (two responded partially, and one had a complete response). One of three heavily pretreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer had a partial response as did a patient with breast cancer. Four of ten patients with colorectal cancer responded to the treatment (four partial responses), of whom three had been treated previously.
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PMID:A phase I, II study of high-dose 5-fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin with low-dose phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid in patients with advanced malignancies. 187 76


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