Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many drugs are applied in local treatment for skin malignant tumors. These drugs are living-BCG, OK-432, MY-1, WPG, interferon preparation (alpha, beta and gamma), TNF, IL-2, peplomycin, bleomycin and others. Some of them already have completed clinical trials and others are under clinical observation. In local administration of these drugs, skin lesions (malignant melanoma, CTL-mainly mycosis fungoides, carcinoma in situ and others) show good improvement. The effects were more observed in the tumors with diameters of 1 cm or less and appeared 3 to 10 injections in most cases. As complications, there are fever, general fatigue, vomiting, anorexia, leucopenia and others. Among them, the fever was most observed immediately after injections without any more severe complications. It may be concluded that treatment by intratumoral administration is useful for skin malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Clinical effects induced by intratumoral administration of anti-cancerous drugs in skin malignant tumors]. 246 39

Phase I study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CIS-DDP) was performed in 7 institution's clinical group using 40 patients with histologically proven urologic and gynecologic malignancies. The most characteristic adverse effects were nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. With the cessation of administration they disappeared within one or two days. Manifestation of hematopoietic and renal toxicities were found low. Hepatotoxicities were slight. In this study there were no cases who showed hearing disturbances and tinnitus, which were reported in rather high percentages. Acceptable doses of CIS-DDP for single and 5 days' consecutive administration were estimated 50 and 20 mg/m2/day respectively.
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PMID:[Phase I study of a new antineoplastic agent, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)]. 689 90

Phase II study of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (CIS-DDP) administered intravenously was performed in 77 patients with urologic malignancies for the evaluation of clinical responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of response were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by Drs. Koyama and Saito. Out of 85 patients, entered in this phase II study, 77 patients were considered evaluable. Complete responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 testicular tumor and 1 bladder cancer. Partial response were obtained in 24 patients; 10 bladder cancer, 8 testicular tumor, 5 prostatic cancer, and 1 renal cell carcinoma. Overall response rates were 73.3% in testicular tumor, 50.0% in bladder tumor, 20.8% in prostatic cancer, and 7.7% in renal cell carcinoma. Incidences of toxicities were noted in the gastrointestinal tract. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were observed in 78.5% of the patients treated with CIS-DDP. Myelosuppression, lassitude, renal and hearing dysfunction were other prominent adverse effects.
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PMID:[Phase II study on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by a collaborative study]. 689 91

Early Phase II clinical studies with bropirimine (U-54461S) having interferon (IFN) inducing and direct antiproliferative activities were conducted in patients with various solid tumors or hematologic neoplasm at 34 institutions nationwide. To investigate the safety and efficacy of the treatment, bropirimine was orally administered to the patients at the dose of 1g every two hours, three times a day for three consecutive days with a four day drug-free interval. Among the 65 patients registered, 60 patients were eligible and 44 patients completed bropirimine treatment in accordance with the respective protocols. Complete response (CR) was observed in 7 cases, and partial response (PR) was observed in 4 cases, so the efficacy rate was 25.0% (7 CRs + 4 PRs/44). Classified by target tumors, the efficacy rates were 12.9% (6 CRs/14) in bladder CIS, 33.3% 1 CR/3) in superficial bladder cancer. 11.1% 1 PR/9) in renal cell carcinoma, and 42.9% (3 PRs/7) in malignant lymphoma, respectively. Adverse drug reactions frequently observed were influenza-like symptoms such as fever (60.0%) and generalized malaise (21.7%), gastrointestinal symptoms like anorexia (56.7%) and nausea/vomiting (43.3%), and adverse effects on the circulatory system such as tachycardia (15.0%) and abnormalities in ECG (11.7%). Most of these symptoms were relieved or improved. Abnormalities in laboratory tests observed frequently were adverse effects on the liver such as elevations in GPT (33.3%), in GOT (31.7%), and in LDH (18.3%) or on the blood system like a decrease in RBC (18.3%), leukopenia (26.7%), or neutropenia (25.0%). In conclusion, bropirimine treatment proved to be effective for bladder CIS in particular, suggesting that it will be promising for use in the treatment of the disease.
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PMID:[Bropirimine (U-54461S) early phase II clinical studies--to investigate the efficacy and safety of bropirimine treatment on various malignant tumors (urological, hematologic, and dermal cancers)]. 902 Sep 48

Late Phase II clinical study with bropirimine (U-54461S), a novel oral antitumor agent that has interferon inducing and anti-proliferative activities, was conducted in patients with bladder CIS at 38 institutions nationwide. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the treatment, bropirimine was administered to the patients at the dose of 750 mg every two hours, three times a day, for three consecutive days with four-day drug withdrawal, based on the results of the preceding clinical studies up to early phase II. Among the 48 patients registered, 41 patients were evaluable for antitumor efficacy. Complete response (CR) was observed in 17 of them, no change (NC) in 18 patients, and progressive disease (PD) in 6 patients; so the efficacy rate was 41.5%. Classified by patient background, the efficacy rates were 58.3% (7/12) in patients with primary bladder CIS, 34.5% (10/29) in those with secondary bladder CIS, 45.5% (10/22) in those with Grade 3, and 23.8% (5/21) in those previously given chemotherapeutic agents or BCG by intravesical or other routes. Adverse drug reactions frequently observed were influenza-like symptoms such as fever and generalized malaise and gastrointestinal symptoms like anorexia and nausea/vomiting; these symptoms were all Grade 2 or milder. Abnormalities in laboratory tests, such as an elevation in GOT/GPT, neutropenia, and leukopenia were observed. These adverse effects were all tolerated by the patients. From the above results, bropirimine was considered to be a useful oral agent for the treatment of bladder CIS.
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PMID:[Bropirimine (U-54461S) late phase II clinical study for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Japan Bropirimine Study Group]. 902 Sep 49

Anthracycline-Taxane chemotherapy is widely used in neoadjuvant treatment for breast cancers. However, there is limited data reported in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we evaluated the pathologic responses and survival of neoadjuvant epirubicin and taxanes chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced TNBC to provide some useful information for clinical practice. A total of 43 patients with locally advanced TNBC were enrolled in this study. Patients were administered with epirubicin 75 mg/m(2) plus paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) or docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for at least 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR), which was defined as no residual invasive cancer, or only carcinoma in situ in both the excised breast and axillary lymph node, while relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. Thirty-nine (90.7%) patients were at clinical stages IIB-IIIC. Thirty-seven (86%) completed 4-6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy, and objective response rate (ORR) was 81.4% (35/43). Forty-two patients underwent radical surgery subsequently. The pCR rate was 14.3% (6/42). The most common adverse events in neoadjuvant chemotherapy were nausea/vomiting (88.4%, 38/43) and neutropenia (88.4%). After a median follow-up period of 34.0 months, 3-year RFS and OS rate was 53.6% and 80.1%, respectively. All events of recurrence and death occurred in non-pCR patients, in whom the 3-year RFS and OS rates were 44.3% and 76.6%, respectively. This study suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin plus taxanes has a relatively low pCR rate and high early recurrence risk in locally advanced TNBC, which indicates the necessity for more efficacious treatment. Further study is needed to validate these results.
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PMID:Unfavorable pathological complete response rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy epirubicin plus taxanes for locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer. 2359 41

A 10-y-old Irish Setter was presented with a history of recurrent episodes of regurgitation and vomiting, with more recent development of tachypnea. Megaesophagus had been diagnosed in the dog 2 y prior to this presentation. A solitary polypoid mass present immediately rostral to the lower esophageal sphincter was biopsied during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Barrett esophagus was diagnosed based on the observation of a polypoid mass with intestinal metaplasia that arose from the surrounding esophagus. Histology of the polypoid mass demonstrated squamous-to-columnar metaplasia, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ.
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PMID:Carcinoma in situ within an area of Barrett esophagus in a dog with megaesophagus. 2995 26

Major chemotherapeutic drugs for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABTC) include gemcitabine, fluoropyrimidines and platinum compounds, but the optimum combination of them remains inconclusive. The main objective of this network meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line chemotherapies for ABTC. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and Science Direct for relevant controlled trials until May 2017. We estimated the Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival time and odds ratios (ORs) for response rate and toxic effects among different therapies. All data were calculated by Aggregate Data Drug Information System (ADDIS) v2.0 online and STATA software. Results: 16 trials involving 2245 patients and 10 regimens were included in this study. In terms of the objective response rate, Cap plus CIS (CapC) exhibited better performance than FU (OR 5.46, 95% CI 1.07-56.63). Gem plus S-1 (GS) was superior to Gem (OR 4.72, 95% CI 1.31-17.02) and FU (OR 9.08, 95% CI 1.56-89.20). Also, GS had an overall survival benefit compared to FU and Gem, with a HR of 0.51 (95% CI 0.28-0.96) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.20-0.93), respectively. Compared with FU, Gem plus OXA (Gemox) prolonged the OS (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.32-0.96). And FU was also inferior to FP (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.07-3.16). The PFS did not differ between all regiments. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 hematological toxic effects appeared to be higher in the Gem-based chemotherapies. In regard to nonhematological adverse events, grade 3 or 4 diarrhea and stomotitis occurred more frequently in S-1-based groups. In addition, the Cap plus CIS combination (CapC) were more likely to cause vomiting, stomotitis and hand-foot syndrome. As for peripheral neuropathy, Gem plus OXA (Gemox), CapC and GC were associated with higher risk. There was no difference among different treatments with respect to anorexia, fatigue, nausea, pigmentation, renal dysfunction and asthenia. Conclusion: Physicians should discuss with the patients the different options outlining potential benefit and toxicity since no clear evidence of an approach of choice can be produced.
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PMID:The Efficacy and Safety of First-line Chemotherapies for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Network Meta-analysis. 3066 46