Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cisplatin (cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum) administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg iv induced a reproducible and characteristic emetic response in the dog. It was characterized by a latency period (90-120 min) and multiple emetic episodes occuring within 5 hours following drug administration with sporadic delayed emesis later within the first 24 hours. There was a qualitative similarity between the emetic response of Cisplatin seen in dogs and cancer patients. Metoclopramide (1, 3 mg/kg sc) was found to be the most effective antagonsit of Cisplatin emesis in the dog while haloperidol (1 mg/kg sc) and chlorpromazine (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg sc) offered a less complete protection. Nabilone (0.1 mg/kg iv) and AL-1612 (1 mg/kg sc) failed to to demonstrate any significant activity. A relationship between antagonism patterns of emetic responses induced by Cisplatin and apomorphine was discussed.
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PMID:Antagonism of cisplatin induced emesis in the dog. 44 17

Sixty adult patients with disseminated melanoma refractory to DTIC or Dacarbazine were given chemoimmunotherapy with intermittent high single dose Actinomycin-D and Levamisole. Actinomycin-D was given at a dose of 1.5-2.0 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 to 4 weeks. Levamisole was given in a dose of 150 mg/day for two consecutive days each week (50 patients) and in a dose of 200 mg every other day (10 patients). Antitumor responses consisted of 2% complete remissions (CR), 2% partial remissions (PR), and 33% disease improvement less than PR or stabilization (S). Comparison of these patients who received Actinomycin-D + Levamisole with those on an immediately preceding study in a similar population where Actinomycin-D was given as a single agent revealed no difference in response rates. Patients who responded to Actinomycin-D + Levamisole (CR + PR + S) survived significantly longer (35 weeks) than nonresponders (12 weeks, p less than 0.01). Survival was not longer (p less than .05) in responding patients (CR + PR + S) receiving Actinomycin-D + Levamisole (35 weeks) compared to those responding to Actinomycin-D alone (18 weeks, p = 0.09). Hematologic toxicity was tolerable with median lowest granulocyte counts of 1.6 x 10(3)/microliter and platelet counts of 134,000/microliter. Other toxic effects were predominantly nausea, vomiting, and mucositis. In those patients who received alternate day Levamisole there was greater gastrointestinal upset as well as fever, rash and central nervous system toxicity which was unacceptable.
Cancer 1979 Apr
PMID:Actinomycin-D, levamisole chemoimmunotherapy of refractory malignant melanoma. 44 22

Since July 1976, 19 patients with carcinoma of the bladder have been treated with adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, and levamisole combined with radiotherapy (60 Gy [6000 radsA1/24 fractions/6 weeks). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were initiated simultaneously, with the entire treatment lasting 7--8 months. Three months after the completion of radiotherapy, 14 of the 18 patients in whom cystoscopy was performed were found to be in complete remission. Overall, 17 of the 19 patients have responded to the treatment and 15 patients have at some time shown complete remission. The toxic effects seen were myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of weight, and alopecia. Thirteen patients received the entire treatment as outpatients while six patients had to be hospitalized for a period of 8--14 days because of severe side effects, especially in Weeks 3--8. Serious complications such as bowel perforation were not seen, but one patient died with septicemia as a result of agranulocytosis, which was attributed to the treatment with levamisole.
Cancer Treat Rep 1979 Feb
PMID:Phase II study of adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, levamisole, and irradiation in carcinoma of the bladder. 44 95

A phase I study of 4'-epi-Adriamycin (4'-epi-ADM) was performed in 22 patients with various types of advanced solid tumors. Very preliminary results would indicate that the drug produces a pattern of acute toxicity which is similar to that of Adriamycin. However, the incidence of vomiting, alopecia, and marrow suppression was less pronounced than that of Adriamycin. 4'-Epi-ADM prolonged the systolic time interval, although no patient presented clinical signs of cardiotoxicity. Two patients with renal carcinoma and malignant melanoma showed objective improvement. Present results suggest that further clinical studies with 4'-epi-ADM are indicated.
Cancer Treat Rep 1979 May
PMID:Preliminary phase I study of 4'-epi-adriamycin. 45 33

4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA, NSC 249992), an acridine derivative, was given to 28 patients with solid tumors and one patient with Hodgkin's disease in a Phase I clinical trial. The dose schedule used was a single dose given every 14 days for three doses. The amount given ranged from 10 to 120 mg/sq m/dose. Dose-limiting toxicity was moderate to severe leukopenia which occurred at and above 70 mg/sq m. Thrombocytopenia was infrequent and did not require transfusion. Nonhematological side effects were mild and included nausea, vomiting, local irritation, and fever. Antineoplastic activity was noted in liposarcoma, adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin, and squamous carcinoma of unknown primary origin (one patient each). Pharmacokinetics studies were done in 19 patients. Total m-AMSA and free m-AMSA concentrations showed a biphasic distribution with an initial rapid phase of t1/2 = 10 to 15 min for both, and a second slow phase of t1/2 = 8 to 9 hr for total m-AMSA and 3 hr for free m-AMSA. Phase II studies with m-AMSA, in hematological cancers are warranted, since its most consistent effect is on leukocytes. The recommended dosages for solid-tumor Phase II studies are 70 mg/sq m for good-risk patients and 50 mg/sq m for poor-risk patients, given as a single dose every other week, or 120 mg/sq m for poor-risk patients for the single-dose every-3-week schedule.
Cancer Res 1979 Oct
PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide using an intermittent biweekly schedule. 47 24

There is a great need for clinical trial of new second-generation platinum coordination compounds that might demonstrate greater clinical activity in a broader spectrum of tumors, decreased renal toxicity and emesis, improved solubility, synergism in combination therapy, and lack of cross-resistance to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-platinum). Lack of cross-resistance to cis-platinum is shown by certain 1,2-diamino-saturated cyclic platinum derivatives which also have a high degree of activity against transplanted mouse leukemias. cis-Platinum and these cyclic compounds combine synergistically with derivatives of cytosine arabinoside, VP-16-213, and Adriamycin. These 1,2-diamino cyclic compounds appear to have less renal toxicity than cis-platinum. The toxic and therapeutic effects of both cis-platinum and the diamino cyclic compounds can be blocked by massive doses of thiourea. Varying doses and time intervals of thiourea rescue are being studied in the hope of improving the therapeutic index of the platinum derivatives.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Rationale for development of platinum analogs. 49 48

Seventy-two malignant and 19 benign tumors were seen at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, from 1950 to 1976. Of these, 44 malignant and 14 benign tumors were seen in the clinical setting--the remainder were found at autopsy. Carcinoid tumors were the most common malignant tumors, followed by adenocarcinoma, lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma. Patients with malignant tumors usually presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. The most common clinical signs were anemia, abdominal tenderness and abdominal distention. The most useful diagnostic tests were upper GI series and plain x-ray of the abdomen. Twenty-one (50%) five year survivals and 14 (33%) ten year survivals were obtained with small bowel malignancies. The majority of the five and ten year survivals were patients who had carcinoid tumors and lymphoma. Various theories on the causation of small bowel malignancies are discussed.
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PMID:Primary tumors of the small intestine. 50 46

A phase I clinical study of bruceantin was conducted in 66 patients with various types of advanced solid tumors to evaluate its toxicity and efficacy. The initial dose of 0.2 mg/m2/day x 5 days repeated at 2-week intervals was progressively increased to a maximum dose of 4.5 mg/m2/day. Hypotension was the dose-limiting toxic effect; it was delayed, cumulative, and occurred more often in patients with abnormal pretreatment liver function. Nausea, vomiting, and fever were common at higher doses, and diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia, paresthesia, and rash were observed in some patients. The hematologic toxicity of bruceantin was moderate at high doses and was manifested mainly as thrombocytopenia; it was more severe in patients with abnormal hepatic and renal functions. No objective tumor regressions were observed. The recommended dose of bruceantin is 3.5 mg/m2/day x 5 days for phase II studies.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Initial clinical studies with bruceantin. 52 18

N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid, an inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamylase, was administered to 25 patients with advanced cancer by 10-minute infusion daily x 5 consecutive days to determine the toxicity and to look for evidence of therapeutic effect. Planned dose escalations ranged from 100 to 1250 mg/m2 (daily dose). Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were the most frequent toxic effects, with three of six patients treated at a daily dose of 1250 mg/m2 having severe diarrhea. Other toxic effects were encountered rarely and were not dose-limiting; these included mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, rash, stomatitis, and increases in SGOT. One patient with a widely metastatic carcinoid of unknown origin had an objective response lasting 6 weeks.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Phase I study of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA). 52 23

cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP), at a dose of 15 mg/m2/day x 5 consecutive days, was administered to 68 evaluable patients with metastatic soft tissue and bony sarcomas. All patients, except one, had received extensive prior chemotherapy and had had progressive disease at the start of the study. Responses observed included one complete response in a patient with mesothelioma and three partial responses in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (7%). No responses were seen in 18 patients with bony sarcomas. Significant leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in less than 20% of evaluable courses, although two patients manifested life-threatening leukopenia (less than 1000 cells/microliter) and three had life-threatening thrombocytopenia (less than 24,000 cells/microliter). Nephrotoxicity was noted in less than 25% of evaluable courses. Nausea and/or vomiting was recorded in 55% of evaluable courses. DDP is considered to be marginally active in the secondary treatment of metastatic sarcomas at this dose and schedule. Further studies of DDP in mesothelioma are indicated.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in advanced soft tissue and bony sarcomas: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 57 67


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