Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have conducted a phase I clinical trial of maytansine, a plant alkaloid with potent tubulin-binding activity. For evaluation of toxicity, the schedule of drug administration consisted of a single iv infusion given every 3 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at 2 mg/m2, and was manifested as profound weakness, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms persisted for 3--14 days after drug administration. No consistent myelosuppression occurred at any dose level. Responses were observed in two patients (one each with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and ovarian cancer) who were treated on the every-3-week schedule, as well as in two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with single weekly doses. Three of the four responding patients had received extensive prior treatment with vincristine, and two were clearly resistant to vincristine.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Mar
PMID:Initial clinical trials of maytansine, an antitumor plant alkaloid. 34 11

Thirty-two patients with advanced carcinoma of the colon or rectum were given metronidazole orally at a dose of 500-1000 mg/m2 three times a day for 7 consecutive days every 6 weeks. The dose-limiting toxic effects consisted of severe nausea, vomiting, and major motor seizures. Mild peripheral neurotoxic effects were also noted. No objective responses were noted in any of the 32 patients treated. High-dose metronidazole would not seem to have any role in the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma and may cause serious neurotoxicity.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Mar
PMID:Phase II study of metronidazole therapy for advanced colorectal carcinoma. 34 20

Patients with metastatic renal cell cancer have an overall 5-year survival rate of only 28% to 40% in spite of aggressive surgical treatment. A prospective randomized study conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group used methyl--CCNU (meCCNU), vinblastine, and meCCNU-medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to treat 165 patients with advanced renal cancer. The antitumor activity of the single-agent and/or combination therapy is analyzed. Patients were classified (as to grade of anaplasia of tumor; age; performance status; primary site of metastatic disease; and previous treatment with a progestational agent) and randomly assigned to various treatment protocols as described. Crossover randomization to one of alternate single-agent or combination regimens was carried out after failure with initial therapy. 2 meCCNU regimens were associated with severe hematologic toxicity, vinblastine regimens with neurotoxicity. All regimens except the vinblastine-MPA resulted in substantial vomiting. Response rate is low (11%) with each regimen. There were no statistically significant differences in treatment variables or factors among the various regimens. Patients capable of normal activity had a significantly higher response rate and longer survival period than nonambulatory or poor performance status patients. A relatively long symptom-free interval from primary tumor to metastatic disease was also associated with better survival rate. More than 50% of patients exhibited disease progression with 3 months of initiating the regimens.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Jul
PMID:Phase II study of vinblastine, methyl-CCNU, and medroxyprogesterone in advanced renal cell cancer. 35 71

Sixteen patients with disseminated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and 26 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were given rubidazone. Only one partial remission was observed in a previously untreated patient who had local recurrence of a rectal adenocarcinoma. The main toxic effects observed in previously treated patients consisted of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Also observed were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, fever, and chills. Cardiotoxicity was observed in one patient after a total dose of 720 mg/m2 of rubidazone. It is concluded that rubidazone is a relatively inactive compound in the management of these two diseases.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Oct
PMID:Clinical trial of rubidazone in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and adenocarcinoma of the large intestine. 36 Dec 29

The effect of domperidone on vomiting due to cytostatic treatment was studied during a double-blind trial involving 41 patients. One group received the sequence domperidone-placebo and the other the reverse sequence during two consecutive courses of cytostatic therapy (chlormethine alone or in combination with other cytostatics). Domperidone 2 mg/ml or the placebo was injected IV 1 h before the start of the cytostatic treatment. A similar injection was given 4 h later. Presence, duration, and incidence of nausea and vomiting before, during, and after the peak period (period from the second up to and including the sixth hour after cytostatic injection) were measured. With respect to vomiting, domperidone was significantly superior to placebo concerning duration and effect before and after the peak period in both sequences. There was no difference during the peak period. With respect to nausea, domperidone was superior to placebo concerning duration and effect during the peak period in the placebo-domperidone sequence. No difference was observed in the reverse order. A significant superiority of domperidone was noted before the peak period.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1978
PMID:Cytostatic-associated vomiting effectively inhibited by domperidone (R 33 812). 37 21

Fifteen patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with the combination of Ftorafur, Adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM II). Three patients showed partial responses, in five the disease remained stable for at least 3 months and seven showed progression while on treatment. All responding patients showed survival in excess of 12 months. Hematologic toxicity was of only moderate severity. Median white count nadir was 3500 cells/mm3 and median platelet nadir was 187,000 cells/mm3. Four patients had white count nadirs from 2000--2500 cells/mm3 and three had nadirs from 500--1500 cells/mm3; also there were four with platelet nadirs less than 100,000/mm3. However, no drug-related infections occurred and no platelet transfusions were required. The major non-hematologic toxicities of the regimen were nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, and rhinorrhea. These toxicities were limiting and resulted in termination of the trial because of poor patient acceptance and the failure of the combination to exhibit a therapeutic advantage over the similar combination (FAM) that employed weekly 5-fluorouracil in place of Ftorafur.
Cancer 1979 Oct
PMID:A phase II trial of ftorafur: adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM II) in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. 38 3

Administration of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) may be associated with a number of serious side effects, including nephrotoxicity, gastroeintestinal side effects (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), myelosuppression, and occasional transient elevations in liver function tests. In addition, ototoxicity (tinnitus and hearing loss), anaphylactic reactions, peripheral neuropathies, and hypomagnesemia with resulting tetany may also be encountered. The toxic potential of this new agent necessitates careful clinical monitoring during treatment.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Toxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in man. 38 23

Twenty-six evaluable patients with disseminated or locally unresectable pancreatic or biliary tract carcinoma received Ftorafur (4 g/m2 iv day 1 and 22 and 2 g/m2 iv day 4 and 26), Adriamycin (60 mg/m1 IV day 1 and 45 mg/m2 iv day 22) and BCNU (150 MG/M2 IV DAY 1) combination chemotherapy (FAB) repeated at 6--8 week intervals. Two (29%) complete and one (14%) partial remissions were observed in 7 patients with biliary carcinoma while 5 of 19 (26%) patients with pancreatic carcinoma achieved partial remissions. Median survival for responding patients was approximately 11 months (range 7--16+) with median survivals of about 6 months (p less than 0.05 and about 3 months (p less than 0.05) for patients with stable and progressive disease. Major drug toxicity was myelosuppression with median lowest granulocyte counts of 1,000/microliters and platelet counts of 88,000/microliters. Approximately 25% of patients required antibiotic therapy for fever of unknown origin or documented infections. Other tolerable drug toxicities included nausea, vomiting and mucositis. The FAB regimen appears quite promising in biliary tract cancer and has efficacy in pancreatic carcinoma that warrants further clinical trials. Because of myelotoxicity observed with this regimen we now recommend a BCNU starting dose of 100 mg/m2 instead of 150 mg/m2.
Cancer 1979 Dec
PMID:Adriamycin, BCNU, ftorafur chemotherapy of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. 38 4

Acute and chronic starvation is often associated with childhood cancer. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with 20% glucose and 3.0% amino acids, and minerals and vitamins was instituted to treat or prevent malnutrition in 41 children with cancer, ages three months to 18 years. TPN was required for anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea associated with anti-cancer therapy in 33 patients for intestinal complications or surgery in nine, and for preoperative correction of malnutrition in two. During TPN, general nutrition and appearance improved in all patients. Weight gain was noted in most. Despite gastrointestinal complications which usually require the interruption of chemotherapy and irradiation, in 21 children treatment could be continued at full dose with nutritional support by TPN. TPN was discontinued in six patients when blood cultures became positive. Sepsis was treated successfully by removal of the central venous catheter in all six and administration of antibiotics in three. No metabolic complications were noted. TPN appears to be a safe and effective means of combating the malnutrition which may occur with cancer and its therapy.
Cancer 1977 Jun
PMID:Parenteral nutritional support in children with cancer. 40 34

The carcinogenic potential of procarbazine is under investigation in three species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, and Cercopithecus aethiops) of nonhuman primates. A total of 55 monkeys have received procarbazine s.c., p.o., or i.p. for periods of up to 12 years. Eleven of the 42 monkeys (26%) necropsied thus far have had malignant neoplasms, 6 of which were acute leukemia. Two monkeys developed osteogenic sarcomas, two monkeys developed hemangiosarcomas, and a single case of lymphocytic lymphoma was found. The average total dose of procarbazine received by the monkeys developing cancers was 36.0 g; the average duration of procarbazine treatment was 75 months. A number of the toxic effects of procarbazine seen in humans were also noted in this series of monkeys, including vomiting and myelosuppression. Another striking toxic effect was on the reproductive system of the males. The majority of the adult males necropsied to date have had testicular atrophy with complete aplasia of the germinal epithelium.
Cancer Res 1978 Jul
PMID:Carcinogenic and other adverse effects of procarbazine in nonhuman primates. 41 74


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