Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with combined Cis-platinum-Bleomycin chemotherapy. Cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (DDP) 120 mg/m2 iv was given after prehydration, with mannitol diuresis on Day 1. On Day 3, an initial loading dose of Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 was given by rapid iv push followed by continuous 24 hour intravenous infusion of Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 Day 3 through Day 10. DDP 120 mg/m2 iv was administered again on Day 22. The patients were evaluated for tumor response and resectability between Day 29 to Day 35. Of 39 patients who were evaluable, there were 8 complete responses or CR (20%) and 22 partial responses or PR (56%), for a major response rate of 76%. Nineteen patients had surgery (14 patients whose lesions were initially inoperable and 5 patients who were initially operable). Chemotherapy toxicity in 40 patients included alopecia (40), vomiting (39), mucositis (11), skin rash (10), fever (17), weight loss of more than 5 lbs. (25), WBC less than 3,000 (2), platelets less than 100,000 (1), peak serum creatinine of 2 mg% (3), severe-hearing loss (1), hypersensitivity reaction (2). Surgical complication in 19 patients were pharyngocutaneous fistulae (2), wound dehiscence (1), meningitis and brain abscess (1). There was one death secondary to nephrotoxicity. This particular combination chemotherapy when given as initial treatment, appears very effective in reduction of tumor bulk. Long-term follow-up and randomization is necessary to determine effect upon survival.
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PMID:Induction chemotherapy in advanced squamous head and neck carcinoma with high-dose cis-platinum and bleomycin infusion. 8 55

An analysis of 23 consecutive cases of brain abscess is reported. The most frequent early symptoms and signs were headache, vomiting, papiledema, focal neurological abnormalities and pyrexia. Roentgenogram of skull, electroencephahologram and ecoencephalogram were abnormal in all cases in which they were obtained. Therapy was based on early diagnosis with accurate location, aspiration or excision of the abscess. Lumbar puncture is hazardous and yields only suggestive information.
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PMID:[Intracranial abscesses in children]. 30 50

Three cases of brain abscess following an occlusion of the internal carotid artery were reported. Case 1: A 6-year-old girl with congenital heart disease was admitted with headache, disturbance of consciousness and left hemiparesis. Right carotid angiography revealed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. After 6 months, she was readmitted with high fever. CT scan revealed a low density area and a ring-like shadow at the same site of cerebral infarction. Case 2: A 69-year-old man was admitted in semicoma and with right hemiplegia. Left angiography revealed an occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. After 2 months, a brain abscess was noted in the infarcted area. Case 3: A 20-year-old man with congenital heart disease, was admitted due to headache, vomiting and high fever. CT scan revealed a brain abscess in the right frontal lobe. Carotid angiography showed bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. We concluded that diminution of cerebral oxygen and encephalomalacia are predisposing factors to the evolution of brain abscess.
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PMID:[Brain abscess (Part 5)--Brain abscess following internal carotid occlusion (author's transl)]. 49 56

Evidence is presented for the existence of three distinct enterotoxins detected in concentrated cell-free culture filtrates of selected Bacillus cereus strains. The first was a product capable of stimulating the adenylate cyclase-cyclic-AMP system in intestinal epithelial cells and, possibly through this, causing fluid accumulation in ligated ileal sections ("loops") of young rabbits. This was elaborated by a strain isolated from an incident of diarrhoea and which caused diarrhoea in 6 of 10 monkey feedings. The second was tentatively identified as a factor which caused fluid accumulation in rabbit loops but not, apparently, through stimulation of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic-AMP system; this was elaborated by a strain isolated from raw rice which failed to produce symptoms in eight monkey feedings. Together, the behaviour of these two factors indicates that diarrhoea caused by B. cereus enterotoxin may be a cyclic-AMP-mediated event. The third, here referred to as "pyogenic toxin", caused severe tissue damage in the ileal mucosa and was elaborated by a strain isolated from a brain abscess. A factor produced by a strain isolated from an outbreak of vomiting which caused vomiting in 10 of 24 monkey feedings could bot be detected in tests reported here but appears to be a fourth enterotoxin type. Cytopathic effects in tissue cultures, suckling mouse tests, and assays of glycerol production by fat cells were not found to be of value in the detection of any of the enterotoxins.
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PMID:Studies on the production of enterotoxins by Bacillus cereus. 82 25

Intracranial complications from otitis media can be quite devastating to the patient if an early diagnosis is not made. Patients may develop meningitis, venous sinus thrombosis or cranial nerve palsies, as well as intracranial abscess. The presenting features in such cases may be subtle and include headache, nausea, vomiting, personality changes and signs of increased intracranial pressure as well as focal neurological deficits. A case of intracranial brain abscess is presented in a patient with a history of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Delay in the diagnosis of intracranial complications of otitis media can lead to improper treatment with increased morbidity and mortality. The etiology and treatment of complications affecting the CNS is discussed.
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PMID:Otitis media and CNS complications. 140 77

The halo traction device for cervical spine immobilization has few complications and is routinely used for spinal cord injured patients. The following case report describes a patient with lower cervical and upper thoracic fractures stabilized with a halo. She completed a two-month rehabilitation program without complications, but developed frontal headaches and vomiting within one or two days of discharge. A head CT revealed a right frontal isodense mass consistent with a brain abscess. The abscess was resected surgically, and she was placed on antibiotics. Mortality rates from brain abscesses are as high as 24%, making a prompt diagnosis critical. This case report describes an unusual etiology for a brain abscess, and it discusses the appropriate work-up in a neurologically impaired patient.
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PMID:Brain abscess: a rare complication of halo usage. 158 Jul 80

A 32-year-old male patient developed headaches, vomiting, blurring of vision, and focal seizures of the left side of the face 2 months after a renal transplant. He developed a brain abscess and died. Direct KOH examination of the brain tissue demonstrated hyaline as well as dematiaceous, septate hyphae. Histologic examination of brain sections revealed polymorphous fungal elements consisting of septate, dark-pigmented hyphae, intercalary and terminal swollen fungal cells, and budding yeastlike cells characteristic of phaeohyphomycosis. Chaetomium globosum was isolated from the brain tissue on all of the fungal media used. This case represents the first histologically and culturally documented phaeohyphomycotic brain infection caused by C. globosum.
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PMID:Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Chaetomium globosum in a renal transplant recipient. 258 74

Clinical features, findings of diagnostic studies, results of therapy, and prognostic factors were analyzed in 45 patients with brain abscesses. The number of patients diagnosed yearly has increased since CT scanning became available, but despite the enhanced sensitivity, the time from either onset of symptoms or hospital admission until initiation of therapy was not decreased and there was no dramatic effect upon morbidity or mortality in this series. Infections of paranasal sinuses, ears, lungs, and odontogenic foci were predisposing factors in approximately 70% of cases. Single abscesses, present in 75% of patients, were distributed equally in both hemispheres, with more than half in the frontal and parietal lobes. Common signs and symptoms included headache, fever, chills, seizures, nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium, nuchal rigidity, and localizing neurologic signs. Blood cultures were positive in 11%. Lumbar puncture rarely provided data from which a diagnosis could be established; CSF cultures were positive in only 7% of patients, and there was a 15% temporally associated incidence of brain herniation and death. Diagnostic information was most readily obtained using imaging techniques such as CT and 99mTc scanning, and arteriography was invasive and of no added value. CT scans are however, often initially negative in patients presenting with clinical signs of meningitis presumably following rupture of an abscess into the subarachnoid space, and the average time for changes to appear on CT scan is 9 days. It is, therefore, recommended that when the clinical assessment suggests the possibility of brain abscess the patient be treated empirically with antibiotics and that lumbar puncture be performed only after thoughtful assessment of the risk-to-benefit ratio for each patient. Causative organisms were isolated from more than 80% of abscesses despite prior antibiotic treatment; more than half grew a single pathogen, most commonly streptococci. Anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria accounted for 62% of all isolates, and were the only organisms in 33% of patients. Computerized tomographic scans in 30 patients showed "ring-enhancing" lesions, nodular enhancement, or areas of low attenuation. Complete resolution of abscesses on CT scans rarely occurred during hospitalization and took as long as 5 months. Decrease in the size of abscesses on CT scan correlated well with clinical improvement and was seen within a week when abscesses were excised, but was often not obvious for 6 to 8 weeks if antibiotics were used alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Brain abscess. A study of 45 consecutive cases. 378

Brain abscess is a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic problem with mortality ranging from 35% to 65%. It may occur at any age, and there is a male:female ratio of 2:1. Brain abscess arises from a contiguous focus of infection, direct implantation due to trauma, or hematogenous spread from a remote site. The commonest organisms isolated from brain abscess include streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides species, and Enterobacteriaceae. Brain abscess frequently produces headache, vomiting, focal neurologic signs, and depressed level of consciousness. Fever and leukocytosis often are absent. Diagnosis is suggested by computerized tomography, but most cases require surgical confirmation. Optimal management consists of intensive antibiotic therapy. Aggressive surgical treatment is required in cases not responding to antimicrobial therapy. Long-term neurologic deficit occurs in up to 60% of cases.
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PMID:Brain abscess: recent experience at a community hospital. 400 2

A case of cryptococcosis simulating brain tumor was reviewed. A 66-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with chief complaint of vertigo, gait disturbance and dysarthria. These symptoms started about one year before admission and worsened. Vomiting and urinary incontinence appeared. Neurological examination revealed left cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria. In plain CT (computerized tomography) irregular ill-defined low density area was noted in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. And slight ventricular dilatation was found. Irregular shape of ring-like enhancement corresponding to capsule and patchy or mottled enhancement inside the tumor were seen. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and yellowish necrotic tumor with hard capsule was removed. Histological diagnosis was not neoplasm or tuberculoma. Postoperatively liver function progressively worsened. She died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Autopsy revealed typical liver cirrhosis without malignant change. 3.0 X 2.5 cm sized, slightly hard, yellowish lesion was found on upper part of cerebellar hemispheres. This had extremely necrotic tissue and a great number of cryptococcus neoformans were found. And other intracranial lesion was not confirmed. Finding of pulmonary cryptococcosis was not gained. Our case is very rare because of solitary cerebellar abscess and absence of meningitic episode or pulmonary cryptococcosis. There are three types of inflammation in cerebral cryptococcosis. The commonest manifestation is the meningitic type, the second mode is granulomatous lesion and the third and the least presentation is intracranial abscess formation. CT reveals various findings according to clinical stage. CT findings are those of meningitis, meningoencephalitis, granuloma and abscess. Cryptococcal granuloma or abscess often simulates brain abscess, glioma and metastatic brain tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of cerebral cryptococcosis, with special reference to computerized tomography findings]. 646 65


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