Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fourteen patients with muscle infiltrating bladder cancer in whom total cystectomy was planned, received 3 cycles of cis-platinum (70 mg/m2 Day 1) and Methotrexate (40 mg/m2 Day 1) with 3-week intervals before pelvic radiotherapy (20 Gy). Thirteen patients underwent cystectomy whereas the remaining patient finally was found to be inoperable. The subjective toxicity (nausea, vomiting, decrease of performance status), the hematological side effects and the nephrotoxicity of this pre-cystectomy treatment were acceptable. In particular, the treatment did not increase the per- and postoperative complication rate as long as patients were selected who were good risk candidates for major surgery. Stage reduction (P less than T) was seen in 9 of 13 patients. Combination therapy with cis-platinum/methotrexate and short term pelvic radiotherapy is feasible as adjuvant pre-cystectomy treatment in patients with muscle infiltrating bladder cancer. The possible therapeutic superiority of this adjuvant treatment has to be shown in randomized trials.
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PMID:Pre-cystectomy chemotherapy in patients with muscle infiltrating bladder carcinoma. A multicentre feasibility study. 358 22

Cisplatin (25 to 120 mg. per m.2) was injected into the internal iliac arteries of 33 patients with locally advanced bladder cancer. Of the patients 9 were inevaluable for response to the cisplatin, since they began radiotherapy to the bladder before course 2 of cisplatin as part of a preplanned therapeutic approach. One patient received the treatment as postoperative adjuvant therapy, 1 did not return for followup and 1 with metastatic disease did not undergo repeat cystoscopy. Of 21 evaluable patients 3 (14 per cent) achieved complete remission, 12 (57 per cent) achieved partial remission, 2 (14 per cent) were stable and 4 (19 per cent) failed. The response rate was higher in patients receiving 100 to 120 mg. per m.2 per course than in patients receiving lower doses (all except 1 of whom received 60 or less mg. per m.2 per course) (86 versus 64 per cent) and it was higher in patients without prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The response rate in patients with previously untreated invasive transitional cell carcinoma was 88 per cent. Of the 33 patients 21 were alive at last followup, with a median duration of followup of 32 weeks. Toxicity was dose-related and local neurotoxicity was excessive at cisplatin doses of 100 to 120 mg. per m.2. Diabetic patients were particularly prone to have neurotoxicity. Other toxicity generally was not severe and consisted of ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Even elderly patients and patients with cardiac disease tolerated the treatment well. We plan to proceed with further intra-arterial cisplatin studies in which all patients except those more than 80 years old will be treated with an intra-arterial cisplatin dose of 90 mg. per m.2 per course combined with radiotherapy with or without cystectomy.
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PMID:Intra-arterial cisplatin for bladder cancer. 359 43

Phase II study of Etoposide administered intravenously and orally was performed in 163 patients with urologic malignancies for the clinical evaluation of responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of the responses were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by Koyama and Saito. Out of the 163 patients registered in the study, it was possible to evaluate 141. In the cases of intravenous administration, the response rates were 16.7% in testicular cancer mostly refractory to prior therapy, 15.6% in bladder cancer, 7.7% in prostatic cancer, and 0% in renal cell route. The overall response rate was 11.1%. Toxicities were noted in the gastrointestinal tract, the rates being 54.4% for anorexia, 35.4% for nausea and 17.7% for vomiting. Alopecia was observed at a high incidence of 72.1%. Myelosuppression leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were the other prominent adverse effects.
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PMID:[Collaborative phase II study of etoposide (NK-171). Urological Cooperative Study Group of etoposide (NK-171)]. 404 Sep 86

Phase II study of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (CIS-DDP) administered intravenously was performed in 77 patients with urologic malignancies for the evaluation of clinical responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of response were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by Drs. Koyama and Saito. Out of 85 patients, entered in this phase II study, 77 patients were considered evaluable. Complete responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 testicular tumor and 1 bladder cancer. Partial response were obtained in 24 patients; 10 bladder cancer, 8 testicular tumor, 5 prostatic cancer, and 1 renal cell carcinoma. Overall response rates were 73.3% in testicular tumor, 50.0% in bladder tumor, 20.8% in prostatic cancer, and 7.7% in renal cell carcinoma. Incidences of toxicities were noted in the gastrointestinal tract. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were observed in 78.5% of the patients treated with CIS-DDP. Myelosuppression, lassitude, renal and hearing dysfunction were other prominent adverse effects.
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PMID:[Phase II study on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by a collaborative study]. 689 91

Combined intraarterial cisplatin infusion and radiation therapy were performed as the initial treatment for 23 patients (mean age: 70 years) with invasive bladder cancers (T2 in 17, T3 in 6) who were suitable for total cystectomy. Of these patients, five who had multiple invasive cancers without laterality had their intrapelvic hemodynamics altered by embolizing a contralateral internal iliac artery. Cisplatin (50 mg) was infused into the internal iliac artery through a subcutaneous reservoir twice a week over three weeks while concurrent radiation therapy with 30 Gy, delivered in 15 fractions, was performed. Additional cisplatin infusions were given in six patients. After this combined therapy, total cystectomy and ileal conduit was performed in six patients and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in 17. Two of the patients who underwent total cystectomy were found to exhibit a complete response. Therefore, the overall response rate was 87%, including 13 complete responses and seven partial responses. The complete response rates in patients with clinical stage T2 and T3 disease were 53 and 67%, respectively. The complete response rate was slightly higher in patients with a non-papillary cancer than in those with a papillary one. Toxic reactions included a decrease in bladder capacity in two patients and severe diarrhea due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colitis in one. Other forms of toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, neurotoxicity in the gluteal region, nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression, were tolerable. All but one of the patients are alive. This patient died of distant metastasis and seven other patients had a local recurrence of bladder cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Combined intraarterial cisplatin infusion and radiation therapy for invasive bladder cancer. 755 89

Forty patients with bladder cancer who underwent radiotherapy with angiotensin II, a hypertensor, and two cycles of arterial infusion of anticancer chemotherapies, including cisplatin 100 mg/body, were randomly assigned to a granisetron group and a non-granisetron group for comparative study of its prophylactic effect on nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Granisetron proved significantly effective in preventing nausea, as 75% of granisetron-administered patients experienced either only slight nausea or none at all, against only 22.5% in the non-granisetron group. The number of vomiting episodes was zero during the three-day observation period in 28 out of 40 (70%) granisetron-administered patients compared with 6 patients (15%) in the non-granisetron group. A significant difference in prophylactic effect on anorexia was demonstrated between the granisetron and non-granisetron group, indicating that control of alimentary symptoms such as nausea and vomiting influences the severity of anorexia. As to the safety, nausea was lengthened and deteriorated in one patients. Though the physician in charge judged it to be an adverse event too minor to question the safety of granisetron. Thus, granisetron proved to be highly effective and safe in preventing nausea, vomiting and anorexia in patients under concomitant administration of radiotherapy with hypertensor and arterial infusion of anticancer chemotherapies.
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PMID:[The preventive effect of granisetron on digestive tract symptoms induced by arterial infusion of anticancer and hypertensive agents in combination with radiotherapy--a study of forty patients with bladder cancer]. 771 15

Thirty-six consecutive patients, who were to be treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for testicular or bladder cancer, underwent a single-blind randomized study to compare the antiemetic therapies with dexamethasone (DEX)+ondansetron (OND) and DEX + alizapride (ALI). Eighteen patients were assigned to each arm. DEX, 20 mg in 100 ml saline was administered i.v. 30 min prior to cisplatin, OND, 8 mg, or ALI, 100 mg in 100 ml saline were administered i.v. 15 min prior to cisplatin and repeated 4 and eventually 8 h later. Chemotherapy regimens contained cisplatin 25 mg/m2 for 4 consecutive days to be repeated for 4 courses every 4 weeks. During the first course a complete emetic control was observed in 15 (83%) and partial in 3 of the 18 patients treated with DEX + OND versus only 2 complete and 7 partial responses and 9 (50%) failures among the 18 patients treated with DEX + ALI. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for 4 courses of therapy. Complete emetic control was achieved in 11 (69%) and partial in 5 (31%) among the 16 patients treated with DEX + OND, versus only 1 (7%) partial response and 14 (93%) failures among the 15 treated with DEX + ALI (p < 0.001). Furthermore, DEX + OND gave a complete antiemetic control in 13 out of 14 patients who had failed DEX + ALI. Delayed vomiting was observed in 4 (22%) of 18 patients primarily treated with DEX + OND and in 1 (7%) of the 15 patients subsequently treated. Constipation and headache occurred more frequently among patients treated with DEX + OND, but there was no significant difference with DEX + ALI. Hiccup was significantly more frequent among patients treated with DEX + ALI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dexamethasone plus ondansetron versus dexamethasone plus alizapride in the prevention of emesis induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapies for urological cancers. 833 48

Early Phase II clinical studies with bropirimine (U-54461S) having interferon (IFN) inducing and direct antiproliferative activities were conducted in patients with various solid tumors or hematologic neoplasm at 34 institutions nationwide. To investigate the safety and efficacy of the treatment, bropirimine was orally administered to the patients at the dose of 1g every two hours, three times a day for three consecutive days with a four day drug-free interval. Among the 65 patients registered, 60 patients were eligible and 44 patients completed bropirimine treatment in accordance with the respective protocols. Complete response (CR) was observed in 7 cases, and partial response (PR) was observed in 4 cases, so the efficacy rate was 25.0% (7 CRs + 4 PRs/44). Classified by target tumors, the efficacy rates were 12.9% (6 CRs/14) in bladder CIS, 33.3% 1 CR/3) in superficial bladder cancer. 11.1% 1 PR/9) in renal cell carcinoma, and 42.9% (3 PRs/7) in malignant lymphoma, respectively. Adverse drug reactions frequently observed were influenza-like symptoms such as fever (60.0%) and generalized malaise (21.7%), gastrointestinal symptoms like anorexia (56.7%) and nausea/vomiting (43.3%), and adverse effects on the circulatory system such as tachycardia (15.0%) and abnormalities in ECG (11.7%). Most of these symptoms were relieved or improved. Abnormalities in laboratory tests observed frequently were adverse effects on the liver such as elevations in GPT (33.3%), in GOT (31.7%), and in LDH (18.3%) or on the blood system like a decrease in RBC (18.3%), leukopenia (26.7%), or neutropenia (25.0%). In conclusion, bropirimine treatment proved to be effective for bladder CIS in particular, suggesting that it will be promising for use in the treatment of the disease.
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PMID:[Bropirimine (U-54461S) early phase II clinical studies--to investigate the efficacy and safety of bropirimine treatment on various malignant tumors (urological, hematologic, and dermal cancers)]. 902 Sep 48

We described a case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with selective IgA deficiency. A 69 year-old female with RA was admitted because of gall bladder cancer, and also had selective IgA deficiency which serum IgA level was less than 5.0 mg/dl, and IgA 1 and IgA 2 subclasses were not detected. Prior to the operation, she was given red cell compatible blood transfusion because of severe anemia. After 30 min of transfusion, she developed chill, nausea, vomiting and hypotension. These anaphylactic reactions might be induced by the presence of anti-IgA antibody, since the level of this antibody titers in her serum was elevated, assessed by the methods of ELISA and Western blotting. Although a case of RA associated with selective IgA deficiency, and also with elevated serum anti-IgA antibody level is extremely uncommon, attention should be paid to the presence of anti-IgA antibody in patients with selective IgA deficiency to avoid any unexpected anaphylactic reactions.
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PMID:[A case report of selective IgA deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis and anti-IgA antibody induced anaphylactic transfusion]. 985 51

A phase I study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of escalating doses of gemcitabine along with fixed-dose paclitaxel in patients heavily pretreated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. All patients had no prior therapy with the study drugs and possessed both adequate performance and end organ function. Eighteen patients were entered in the study. Characteristics included a median age of 66 years (range, 41 to 77) and stage IV disease in all patients; there were six patients with colon cancer, two with bladder cancer, three with non-small-cell lung cancer, two with esophageal cancer, three with pancreatic cancer, and two with cancer of unknown primary. Paclitaxel (150 mg/m2 over 3 hours) was given on day 1 and gemcitabine (800, 900, and 1,000 mg/m2 over 15 minutes) was given in three separate dose-escalating cohorts (1-3) on days 1 and 8. The treatment cycled every 21 days. The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) proved to be neutropenia. All nonhematologic toxicities were mild and included gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), dermatologic (rash), and neurologic (paresthesias) disturbances along with transient elevations of liver function tests. The combination of gemcitabine and paclitaxel seems to be well tolerated, and the recommended starting dose for a phase II study, in pretreated patients using a day 1/day 8 treatment schedule, should be 900 mg/m2 for gemcitabine (days 1 and 8) along with 150 mg/m2 for paclitaxel (day 1).
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PMID:Phase I study of paclitaxel and day 1/day 8 gemcitabine in patients with solid malignancies. 1095 61


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