Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A long-term follow-up study of 42 patients with West syndrome treated with high doses of sodium valproate is presented. Control of the hypsarrhythmic EEG pattern was achieved after two weeks for over three-quarters of the patients with sodium valproate doses of 100 to 300mg/kg/day. Recurrence of hypsarrhythmia was observed most often in patients treated with doses lower than 200mg/kg/day. Other types of seizures appeared in half of the patients followed beyond two years of age. Monotherapy throughout follow-up was possible for 30 patients. Autism occurred in only one infant, and 12 achieved normal mental status. The most common side-effects were asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, vomiting and mild somnolence. Hepatic enzymes were not altered.
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PMID:Infantile spasms treated with high doses of sodium valproate: initial response and follow-up. 187 25

An experimental analysis of a case of chronic ruminative vomiting in a 15-year-old, profoundly retarded, Down's syndrome boy addressed the consequences of vomiting in the postmealtime environment. The experiment compared four treatments in each hour-long session using a multiple reinforcement schedule with order of the following procedures counterbalanced over days in a Latin square design: differential reinforcement of any behaviors other than vomiting (DRO) in which periods of no vomiting were followed by reinforcement and vomiting postponed reinforcement; differential reinforcement of specific behaviors alternative to vomiting (DRI) in which conjoint periods of no vomiting and sustained toy play were followed by reinforcement and the lack of either postponed reinforcement; extinction plus reinforcement of alternative behavior in which vomiting was ignored but toy play was reinforced; extinction in which vomiting was ignored. Data revealed an orderly dual cyclical pattern of vomiting throughout the day, with increased vomiting in the morning and immediately following food ingestion. Postluncheon treatments emphasizing reinforcement of alternative behavior were more successful in decreasing vomiting than DRO or extinction alone.
J Autism Dev Disord 1980 Jun
PMID:Chronic ruminative vomiting: a comparison of four treatment procedures. 624 28

Treated persistent ruminative vomiting of a 15-year-old boy with autism using a multicomponent behavioral medicine program within a residential facility. Preceding intervention the boy had lost 15 pounds associated with high-rate ruminating. The treatment program included a combination of dietary, nutritional, and behavioral procedures that emphasized food restrictions, satiation, and setting condition manipulations. Ruminative vomiting was reduced to near-zero levels and weight gain was achieved following treatment implementation. These therapeutic gains were sustained during a maintenance programming phase and at 1- through 4-month follow-up assessments. Issues related to functional assessment and treatment formulation in behavioral medicine intervention for ruminative vomiting are discussed.
J Autism Dev Disord 1994 Oct
PMID:Behavioral medicine treatment of ruminative vomiting and associated weight loss in an adolescent with autism. 781 10

Pyridoxine-dependent seizure is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that usually presents with neonatal intractable seizures. This syndrome results from an inborn abnormality of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which results in reduced pyridazine-dependent synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma amino butyric acid. The full range of symptomatology is unknown; but can be associated with autism, breath holding and severe mental retardation, bilious vomiting, transient visual agnosia, severe articulatory apraxia motor dyspraxia, microcephaly and intrauterine seizures. Parenteral pyridine injection test is a highly effective and reproducible test in confirming the diagnosis. Pyridoxine should be administered as a diagnostic test in all cases of convulsive disorders of infancy in which no other diagnosis is evident. Epileptic seizure discharges subside within 2-6 minutes after the intravenous injection of 50-100 mg of pyridaoxine. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, maintenance therapy should be continued indefinitely and doses increased with age or intercurrent illnesses. The maintenance dose of Bg needed is still not clear. There is a relatively wide range for the daily B6 dose necessary to control the seizure i.e., 10-200 mg/day.
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PMID:Pyridoxine-dependent seizures: a review. 1288 19

Deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rare inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism. To date, only about 50 patients are known worldwide. The clinical picture is varied and is not yet fully described. Most patients are diagnosed at the age of 1-3 years. We present a patient diagnosed 8 weeks postpartum. The female patient presented in the first 3 days after birth with agitation, choking, and vomiting. Six weeks later, the patient presented again with vomiting and insufficient weight gain. Metabolic screening of urine showed a strongly increased excretion of uracil and thymine, with no other abnormalities. This suggested a deficiency of DPD which was confirmed by enzyme analysis in peripheral blood mononucleair (PBM) cells (patient: activity <0.01 nmol/mg/h; controls: 9.9 +/- 2.8 nmol/mg/h). The patient was homozygous for the IVS14+1G>A mutation.MRI of the brain showed some cerebral atrophy; myelinization appeared normal. Many patients with DPD-deficiency suffer from convulsions and mental retardation, some show microcephaly, feeding difficulties, autism, and hypertonia. Our patient showed feeding difficulties and in the second half-year she developed slight motor retardation and generalized hypotonia. Further observation of the development of the patient may shed more light on the relationship between clinical symptoms and DPD deficiency. DPD deficiency may present in newborns with vomiting and hypotonia as the main symptoms.
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PMID:A neonate with recurrent vomiting and generalized hypotonia diagnosed with a deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. 1706 71

Autism is an etiologic heterogeneous entity caused by many different diseases occurring in the central nervous system at an early stage in life. Several metabolic defects have been associated with autistic symptoms with a rate higher than that found in the general population. Inborn errors of metabolism can probably account for less than 5% of individuals. Selective metabolic testing should be done in the presence of suggestive clinical findings, including lethargy, cyclic vomiting, early seizures, dysmorphic features, and mental retardation. In some patients, early diagnosis of the metabolic disorders and proper therapeutic interventions may significantly improve the long-term cognitive and behavioral outcome.
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PMID:Autism and metabolic diseases. 1807 13

Biological mothers of children, diagnosed with autism or pervasive developmental disorder, and biological mothers of children without developmental delays and matched on age and sex, were surveyed about a number of possible pre- and postnatal correlates of autism or pervasive developmental disorder. A regression analysis for boys showed the mother not vomiting in the first trimester, not having smell aversions, not craving sweets, the mother reporting fewer food aversions during the pregnancy, and having an infection while pregnant significantly predicted a later diagnosis of autism or pervasive developmental disorder. Not vomiting in the first trimester was the only significant predictor of a diagnosis of autism or a pervasive developmental disorder in girls.
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PMID:An exploration of possible pre- and postnatal correlates of autism: a pilot survey. 1848 87

A 22-year-old male patient with autism and epilepsy was scheduled to undergo impacted third molar extractions at an outpatient setting. Oral preanesthetic medication with dexmedetomidine and subsequent midazolam with ketamine was acceptable and effective to place intravenous cannula. General anesthesia was maintained with intravenous propofol and dexmedetomidine and operation was performed uneventfully. Sedation with intravenous dexmedetomidine was continued after operation to attenuate and/or manage postoperative problems, such as emergence agitation, dysphoric reactions, pain, opioid-related nausea/vomiting and seizure. He recovered from postoperative sedation and was discharged home without significant problems. Oral and intravenous dexmedetomidine was useful for anesthetic care in the uncooperative patient.
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PMID:[Ambulatory anesthesia for an adult patient with autism and epilepsy: sedation using oral and intravenous dexmedetomidine]. 1854 4

A boy with autism, growth and developmental retardation was brought to our clinic. He was diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome. Subsequently, various therapies were introduced when he was 5 months old yet the developmental delays persisted. Gastrointestinal problems such as frequent post-prandial vomiting and severe constipation were noted as well. At the age of 42 months, the boy was subjected to a gluten and casein-free diet. Soybean milk and rice were substituted for cow's milk, bread and noodles. After 2.5 months, interpersonal relations including eye to eye contact and verbal communication improved. At 5.5 months the boy was capable of playing and sharing toys with his sibling and other children, behavior noted to be closer to that of an unaffected child. In addition, the decreased frequency of postprandial vomiting led to a significant increment in body weight, body height (from below the third percentile to the tenth percentile) and vitality after 11 months on the diet. In view of the lack of consensus on the benefits of dietary intervention in patients with autism, we are suggesting an adjuvant therapy that is simple, safe and economical. In addition, the therapy may be more feasible in Taiwan as opposed to western countries because of cultural factors such as dietary preference and product availability.
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PMID:The effects of a gluten and casein-free diet in children with autism: a case report. 1966 54

The present study evaluated the 23-item Screening Tool for Feeding Problems (STEP; Matson & Kuhn, 2001) with a sample of children referred to a hospital-based feeding clinic to examine the scale's psychometric characteristics and then demonstrate how a children's revision of the STEP, the STEP-CHILD is associated with child and parent variables. Participants included 142 children (95 boys, 47 girls; mean age = 61.4 months; 43 with autism, 51 with other special needs, 48 with no special needs). Children ranged in age from 24 months to 18 years. Factor analysis revealed a 15-item STEP-CHILD with six subscales of child feeding problems: chewing problems, rapid eating, food refusal, food selectivity, vomiting, and stealing food. Mediation analysis documented that "overly permissive" actions by parents (such as infrequent insistence on eating during meals, or frequent preparation of Special Meals for children different than the family meal) explained over 34% of the links between children's feeding problems and poor weight and diet outcomes.
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PMID:The Screening Tool of Feeding Problems applied to children (STEP-CHILD): psychometric characteristics and associations with child and parent variables. 2131 19


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