Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this report we present aspects of the epidemiology of headache (i.e., pain in the head, face, ear, or neck) among children with brain tumors. The data are derived from the 3,291 subjects in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium databank. Overall, 62% of the children with brain tumors experienced chronic or frequent headaches prior to their first hospitalization: 58% of children with supratentorial tumors and 70% of children with infratentorial tumors. The relative frequency of headache increased through age 7 and then leveled off regardless of tumor location. For children under age 5, headache rarely had a duration of more than 1 year prior to hospitalization. Among children over age 4, headache duration of at least one year was significantly greater for supratentorial than for infratentorial tumors. Children with a brain tumor and headache had a different distribution of symptoms and neurologic signs than those without headache. Tumor location and headache status were interactively associated with the presence of other symptoms and neurologic signs. Children with headache had a greater number of other symptoms and neurologic signs. Regardless of tumor location among children with headache, nausea or vomiting, papilledema, and hypoactive tendon reflexes were more frequent, while upper extremity weakness, optic atrophy, and irritability were less frequent. Diplopia, coma, stiff neck, anesthesia or hypesthesia, pupillary abnormalities, and abnormalities of personality, academic performance, or speech were associated with headache in children with supratentorial tumors. No specific symptoms or neurologic signs were associated with headache in children with infratentorial tumors. Supratentorial craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, and protoplasmic astrocytoma were associated with significantly high rates of headache as was infratentorial pilocytic astrocytoma.
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PMID:The epidemiology of headache among children with brain tumor. Headache in children with brain tumors. The Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium. 202 72

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 24-hour concomitant infusions of etoposide (100 mg/m2/day, days 1-3) and cisplatin (45 mg/m2/day, days 2-3) in the treatment of patients with recurrent astrocytoma. All 36 patients entered on this trial had histologic proof of astrocytoma with CT scan evidence of tumor progression despite prior radiotherapy and nitrosourea chemotherapy. At initial diagnosis, three patients had low-grade astrocytoma, but 33 (92%) had high-grade astrocytomas. ECOG performance score was 0-1 in 20 patients and 2-3 in 16 patients. The median age of all patients was 45.5 years. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression with median leukocyte and platelet nadirs of 2,150/mcL and 56,500/mcL respectively. One life-threatening infection occurred, but there were no treatment-related deaths. Vomiting occurred in 78% of patients, but was severe in only 6%. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 28% but was severe in only 6%. Six patients (17%; 1 CR, 5 REGR) responded to therapy with median time to progression of 6.0 months (range 1.5-17.7 months). Five additional patients (14%) remained stable greater than 6 months and 1 has not progressed at 17.0+ months. Median time to progression and survival in all patients were 2.7 and 5.8 months, respectively. In conclusion, etoposide and cisplatin at this dose and schedule have limited activity in the treatment of recurrent high grade astrocytomas, although durable responses or periods of stability occurred in some patients. Considering the extent of myelosuppression, near maximal doses of the drugs were given.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of infusional etoposide and cisplatin in patients with recurrent astrocytoma. 208 39

Brain stem glioma is the third most common childhood brain tumor, comprising 10-15% of this group of neoplasms. Typical presenting symptoms include ataxia, diplopia and headache, while signs of increased intracranial pressure occur later in the clinical course. Although prolonged failure to thrive, characterized by cachexia and vomiting are rare manifestations of brain stem lesions, in this study we report a 9.5-year-old boy with failure to thrive since infancy which remitted after excision of a brain stem astrocytoma.
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PMID:Chronic dysphagia, vomiting and gastroesophageal reflux as manifestations of a brain stem glioma: a case report. 248 55

Four cases of brain tumors associated with hemorrhage from tumors as their first manifestation were reported. These were malignant astrocytoma in two cases, brain metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in one case and skull metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in one case. Clinical symptoms and sings were generalized convulsion, sudden onset of headache, vomiting and hemiparesis. It was difficult to confirm the diagnosis of brain tumors in such cases. Therefore it is important to perform follow-up plain and enhanced CT repeatedly and it is also important to make adequate biopsy of hematoma wall and surrounding tissue during operation.
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PMID:[Brain tumors associated with hemorrhage from tumors as their first manifestation]. 255 50

A case of malignant astrocytoma following radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma is presented in detail with a review of the literature. A 38 year-old housewife had developed a growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, and received a total of 50 Gy at the pituitary region. Four years and six months later, she began suffering headache and vomiting. Computed tomography showed an extensive low density with ring enhancement in the right temporal region, corresponding to the previously irradiated field. A right frontotemporoparietal craniotomy was carried out, and a soft and reddish tumor was partially removed. The histological diagnosis was that of malignant astrocytoma. The patient was submitted to postoperative radiochemotherapy, receiving a total of 60 Gy, nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), and tegafur (FT). Subsequently, after three months of clinical relief, she developed tumor regrowth, and died four months later. The present case fulfills the criteria for radiation-induced tumor established by Cahan et al.: A tumor location within irradiated area, no evidence of tumor prior to radiotherapy, a long latency period between radiation and tumor occurrence, and histological verification of the tumor. Thirty-nine cases of radiation-induced gliomas including the present case have been reported in the literature. It is noteworthy that the majority occur in the younger age bracket. Male preponderance is noted as it is in primary cerebral gliomas. The primary lesions for radiation frequently include leukemia and lymphoma. Craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, and medulloblastoma etc are also included.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Malignant astrocytoma following radiotherapy in pituitary adenoma: case report]. 268 39

Brain tumors remain the second most common neoplasm of childhood, however, there is no adequate study of this disease in Thai children. From the year 1971 to 1987, 468 children under 15 years of age were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi hospital with the diagnosis of brain tumor. Four hundred and forty-four patients had primary intracranial tumors, of these, 17 were excluded due to inadequate information and the remaining 427 patients were studied. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1, the age ranged from one day old to 14 years old. The duration of illness before admission ranged from a few days to 4 years, with over 70 per cent within 3 months. Headache, vomiting and papilledema were the three most common symptoms and signs. Supratentorial and infratentoral tumors were seen in 209 and 216 patients respectively, craniopharyngioma was the most common supratentorial tumor (51/209) and medulloblastoma was the most common infratentorial tumor (95/216), however, malignant astrocytoma is the overall most common tumor type. Early diagnosis and treatment were needed for good outcome.
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PMID:Brain tumors in children at Ramathibodi Hospital. 273 28

Twenty-eight patients with intracranial tumors symptomatic during the 1st year of life were managed from January 1970 to March 1988. Supratentorial location (19 cases) was dominant over the infratentorial. The most common histological type was astrocytoma; choroid plexus papilloma and ependymal tumors followed in frequency. Twenty-two infants (78.6%) had associated hydrocephalus. Macrocrania, vomiting, delayed milestones, and behavioral disturbances were the chief clinical manifestations. Four patients were admitted in extremely deteriorated condition and died preoperatively. Twenty cases underwent surgery for tumor removal with a 1-month mortality rate of 20%. Tumor excision provided permanent relief of hydrocephalus in the majority of the surviving cases. Five patients received conventional radiotherapy. Stereotactic brachytherapy yielded an excellent result in 1 case. Overall 13 cases are currently alive; 6 of them have survived longer than 6 years. Fourteen of the 15 patients who were dead at follow-up succumbed within 1 year after diagnosis.
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PMID:Intracranial tumors during the 1st year of life. 280 99

This paper presents the case of a 6.5-year-old girl with malignant astrocytoma of the left brain hemisphere. During the course of her chemotherapy treatment, severe vomiting developed to the degree that on several occasions she became dehydrated. Discontinuation of chemotherapy was being considered when she was referred for hypnotherapy. Despite severe neurological impairments which excluded many traditional techniques, hypnosis was successful in eliminating emesis. Hypnosis was also utilized to decrease pain and to improve sleep patterns. Drawings are presented to help show how this child resolved anxiety associated with treatment and fears surrounding the knowledge of her impending death.
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PMID:Hypnosis in the management of symptoms in a young girl with malignant astrocytoma: a challenge to the therapist. 292 95

Eight patients were treated with leukocyte interferon for a variety of neurological malignancies that had failed or recurred after conventional therapy. Three patients with malignant astrocytoma received intratumoral interferon in dosages up to 9 million units 3X/week, with total dosages of up to 160 million units. Interferon was administered intraventricularly in 4 patients with leptomeningeal metastases and one patient with multiple brain metastases. Dosages increased from 1 to 10 million units 3X/week, and total dosages of up to 113 million units were given intraventricularly. Acute side effects of fever, nausea, vomiting, and headache occurred almost exclusively with intraventricular injections, and these subsided after the initial injection. Fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and hematologic toxicity developed a few weeks after onset of treatment, independent of the dose given. A modest tumor regression was seen on CT scans of one patient with a malignant astrocytoma, who was treated with interferon for 8 months. In all 4 patients with leptomeningeal metastases, the CSF became free of malignant cells for 6 to 10 weeks, while clinical improvement was less dramatic.
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PMID:Phase I clinical trial of intralesional or intraventricular leukocyte interferon for intracranial malignancies. 298 29

A 19-month-old boy was found to have an optico-hypothalamic tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus, and received a ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt followed by irradiation to the hypothalamic area. Although his visual disturbances continued, general conditions improved subsequently and he enjoyed normal life with only a visual disturbance. Four years later, however, he developed vomiting, left hemiparesis and dysuria, and died at the age of 6.5 years. Autopsy revealed a huge tumor occupying the hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia and the right temporal lobe. Histologically, the tumor was composed of pilocytic astrocytes with Rosenthal fiber in the hypothalamus, where the tumor is considered to have developed initially, and poorly differentiated cells with some astrocytic and neuronal differentiation in other areas. Dissemination of the tumor was extensive in the whole CSF spaces, and in the peritoneum through the V-P shunt. We consider this a rare case of a childhood hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma undergoing delayed malignant evolution.
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PMID:Anaplastic evolution of childhood optico-hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma: report of an autopsy case. 320 64


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