Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind random study compared the effects of lorazepam and pantopon an intra-muscular premedication in healthy women for uterine curettage (D & C). Anxiety, as assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, showed a significant reduction at one and one-half hours after lorazepam and a smaller reduction after pantopon, which was not significant. Sedation was satisfactory with no significant difference between the two drugs in the change before and after the premedication. Lorazepam showed much more amnesia than pantopon (p less than 0.001). The patients who had lorazepam required higher doses of thiopentone for the operation, and this, in part, led to longer intervals in recovery times after lorazepam. However, it is suggested that lorazepam itself was partly responsible for the longer recovery. Pantopon was followed by more nausea, vomiting and headaches, than lorazepam. The intra-muscular injection of lorazepam hurt more patients than did pantopon, but other local complications were negligible and comparable in both groups. The results of this study show that lorazepam produces better reduction of anxiety and much more amnesia than pantopon, with comparable sedation and much less nausea and vomiting. The only disadvantage of lorazepam is the lack of analgesia and, therefore, the need for more anaesthesia during the operation. The conclusion is that lorazepam is a very satisfactory premedication and warrants more use as such.
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PMID:Lorazepam as a premedication. 0 77

A double-blind random study compared lorazepam with diazepam as i.m. premedicants in 84 healthy women undergoing uterine curettage. Anxiety, assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, was reduced 90 min after both lorazepam (P less than 0.001) and diazepam (P less than 0.01). There was more sedation and a longer recovery time after lorazepam than after diazepam. Amnesia at 24 h after operation (lack of recall rather than lack of recognition) was greater after lorazepam. There was transient local discomfort at the site of the injection in most patients in both groups, but no serious effects. Local erythema was present in 12 patients who received lorazepam and 10 who received diazepam 90 min after the injection, disappearing after 24 h in the former group but remaining in the latter. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and headache in both groups was small and similar, but there was more restlessness and dizziness after diazepam in the early recovery period.
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PMID:Comparison of lorazepam and diazepam as premedicants. 2 39

After premedication with flunitrazepam=Rohypnol 2 mg orally (2--3 hours preop.) and morphine-atropine (30 min preop.) the patient receives slowly "Ro" i.v. until the phenomenon of volume reduction when speaking is observed. This allows for the smallest possible dosis to achieve sufficient amnesia. After about 20 min the patient becomes responsive again, while his amnesia lasts for about 3 hours more. The cardiovascular functions remain stable with a 25% decrease of systolic blood pressure. Vomiting is reduced. The dry operative field makes microsurgery much easier and improves the final result of the operation. After gaining sufficient experience of the staff, 100% amnesia was achieved in all operations during the last 3 months.
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PMID:[Flunitrazepam with anterograde amnesia and reduction of blood pressure before local anaesthesia without intubation in 3000 ENT operations (author's transl)]. 3 60

A double-blind trial was conducted of two benzodiazepines, flunitrazepam and diazepam, given orally to 142 children (30 kg in weight or heavier) undergoing routine surgery. Flunitrazepam was associated with greater sedation before operation and less vomiting after operation than diazepam. Flunitrazepam caused a greater frequency of amnesia for the periods of induction and immediately after operation. Plasma concentrations were measured in 65 children and were found to be significantly greater in those children having amnesia for the induction period in both flunitrazepam and diazepam groups. In the diazepam group, plasma concentrations were significantly smaller in those who vomited than in those who did not vomit.
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PMID:Comparison of flunitrazepam and diazepam for oral premedication in older children. 3 61

Vomiting, amnesia, a history of falls and other injuries, and depression and anxiety may all be clues to a drinking problem. Decreased work performance, absenteeism and difficulty in getting along with others may be present. Coming to grips with the problem is essential. Once the patient accepts the need for abstinence, the use of disulfiram (Antabuse) and the support of Alcoholics Anonymous are both therapeutically valuable.
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PMID:Recognizing, confronting and helping the alcoholic. 71 20

In a US double-blind, multicenter study, flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, administered postoperatively in a mean intravenous dose of 0.67 mg (range, 0.2 to 1 mg), was superior to placebo in reversing sedation and other central nervous system effects of benzodiazepines in outpatients recovering from general anesthesia induced by midazolam, fentanyl or sufentanil, and nitrous oxide. Within 5 minutes after administration of flumazenil, sedation was reversed in 94% (87 of 93) of flumazenil-treated patients, compared with 13% (6 of 46) of placebo-treated patients. The criterion response (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score of 4 or 5) that was achieved at 5 minutes was maintained in 79 (93%) of 85 patients throughout the 180-minute observation period. Psychomotor performance, measured by the Finger-to-Nose Test, was rated as normal at 5 minutes posttreatment for 77% (71 of 92) of flumazenil-treated patients, and 4% (2 of 46) of placebo-treated patients. The reversal of amnesia, as determined by the Picture Recall Test was less consistent. Patients given flumazenil did not experience more pain at the operative site or require more analgesic medication than did those given placebo. Nausea (flumazenil 24%; placebo 15%), dizziness (flumazenil 12%; placebo 2%), and vomiting (flumazenil 10%; placebo 9%) were the most frequent adverse effects in each group. In conclusion, flumazenil provided prompt arousal from benzodiazepine-induced sedation and was well tolerated.
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PMID:Reversal of the central effects of midazolam by intravenous flumazenil after general anesthesia in outpatients: a multicenter double-blind clinical study. The Flumazenil in General Anesthesia in Outpatients Study Group I. 128 2

Hypnosis has proven to be extremely valuable in the treatment of cancer patients. Specific applications include: establishing rapport between the patient and members of the medical health team; control of pain with self-regulation of pain perception through the use of glove anesthesia, time distortion, amnesia, transference of pain to a different body part, or dissociation of the painful part from the rest of the body; controlling symptoms, such as, nausea, anticipatory emesis, learned food aversions, etc.; psychotherapy for anxiety, depression, guilt, anger, hostility, frustration, isolation, and a diminished sense of self-esteem; visualization for health improvement; and, dealing with death anxiety and other related issues. Hypnosis has unique advantages for patients including improvement of self-esteem, involvement in self-care, return of locus of control, lack of unpleasant side effects, and continued efficacy despite continued use.
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PMID:The use of hypnosis with cancer patients. 154 47

The authors prospectively examined the prevalence of somatization symptoms among community respondents after a natural disaster in Puerto Rico. Exposure to the disaster was related to a higher prevalence of medically unexplained physical symptoms, particularly gastrointestinal ones (abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, excessive gas) and pseudoneurological ones (amnesia, paralysis, fainting, unusual spells/double vision).
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PMID:Somatic symptoms after a natural disaster: a prospective study. 160 80

Overall 69 patients with sensitive traits of character not reaching the degree of psychopathy, suffering from stage II chronic alcoholism were examined on a clinical basis. In the given patients' group, alcoholism manifested itself atypically. The initial lack of the protective nauseous and vomiting reflex and high tolerance, relative preservation of the quantitative control, no amnesia during drunkenness, temporal break between the formation of compulsive addiction and the abstinent syndrome, manifestation of compulsive addiction only in a state of alcoholic intoxication were recorded. At the same time attention should be drawn to the frequently occurring depressive forms of drunkenness, early appearance of the asthenic state, the lack of marked personality changes by the alcoholic type, relative preservation of a critical attitude towards the disease, and to the abortive abstinent syndrome, characterized sometimes by an elevated attitude of mind resembling the hypomaniacal state. Alcoholism tends towards a moderate progredient course, which is often not realized because of the influence of psychic trauma and in that case alcoholism takes a malignant course.
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PMID:[Characteristics of chronic alcoholism in patients with sensitive premorbid states]. 164 30

We investigated 69 patients (most belonging to NYHA classes II and III) undergoing elective direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (46 patients) and atrial flutter (23 patients), respectively. Without premedication anaesthesia was induced with the new soya bean emulsion of propofol ('Diprivan') 1.2 mg.kg-1 over 45 s. Recovery time was measured from the start of the anaesthetic injection to the moment at which the patients regained consciousness. Completeness of recovery was assessed with two methods: opening eyes on command and time orientation. Good amnesia was observed in all patients. Conversion was achieved in all but seven patients (90%). After injection of propofol, the mean arterial pressure decreased slightly (2% below baseline). Induction of anaesthesia and successful DCC effected a statistically significant decrease in both the heart rate and the rate pressure product. Eleven patients required assisted ventilation for 2 min due to respiratory depression. Fifteen patients developed arrhythmias. Side-effects, such as myocloni, recall or vomiting, were not observed. In conclusion, propofol may well prove to be the anaesthetic of choice for DCC in cardiac patients because of good amnesia, low incidence of side-effects and short recovery time (mean 5.3 min).
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PMID:Propofol for direct current cardioversion in cardiac risk patients. 188 46


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