Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical characteristics of acute otitis media in relation to coexisting respiratory virus infection were studied in a 1-year prospective study of 363 children with acute otitis media. Respiratory viruses were detected using virus isolation and virus antigen detection in nasopharyngeal specimens of 42% of the patients at the time of diagnosis. Rhinovirus (24%) and respiratory syncytial virus (13%) were the two most common viruses detected. Adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and coronavirus OC43 were found less frequently. The mean duration of preceding symptoms was 5.9 days before the diagnosis of acute otitis media. Ninety-four percent of the children had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. Fever was reported in 55% and earache in 47% of cases. Patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection had fever, cough, and vomiting significantly more often than patients with rhinovirus infection or virus-negative patients. No significant differences were found in the appearance of the tympanic membrane and outcome of illness between virus-negative and virus-positive patients with acute otitis. Most patients respond well to antimicrobial therapy despite the coexisting viral infection. If the symptoms of infection persist, they can be due to the underlying viral infection, and viral diagnostics preferably with rapid methods may be clinically useful in these patients.
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PMID:Clinical role of respiratory virus infection in acute otitis media. 217 35

Fastidious enteric adenovirus have recently been recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Their inability to grow in vitro has hampered classification by conventional methods. With modern immunological and chemical techniques the enteric adenoviruses have been shown to be distinct from the 39 established human adenovirus serotypes. In a prospective study of the viral, bacterial and parasitic aetiology of acute gastroenteritis 410 children and 205 age-matched controls were studied. An enteropathogenic agent was detected in 67% of the diarrhoeic patients and 57% were of viral origin. Rotavirus was the major agent found in 43% of the patients whereas adenovirus was found in 13%. Of the 50 adenovirus specimens, so far fully characterized by electron microscopy, ELISA-assays, DNA-restriction analysis and isolation studies 70% were identified as enteric adenoviruses. Two serotypes, adeno 40 and 41, were detected representing the new subgroups F and G. Twelve of 17 paired serum specimens, from children with enteric adenovirus showed a significant rise in hemagglutination inhibition titers. Infection with enteric adenoviruses showed 2 small seasonal peaks in summer and late winter. Infection occurred early in life, 85% of the children aged less than 3 years. Diarrhoea was the main symptom with an average duration of 9 days. Adenovirus type 41 seemed to cause diarrhoea of longer duration. Fever and vomiting was mild with a mean of 2 days. Respiratory symptoms occurred in 20% of the cases. The incubation period could be estimated as 7 days. Virus was excreted for 10-14 days.
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PMID:Two new serotypes of enteric adenovirus causing infantile diarrhoea. 630 84

Enteric adenoviruses (EAd), adenovirus (Ad) types 40 and 41, have been established as causative agents of gastroenteritis. By electron microscopic (EM) survey of acute gastroenteritis in children in the Matsuyama area, Ad were detected in 275 of 6476 fecal samples obtained from 1980 to 1993. Two-hundred-thirteen Ad-positive samples were tested for serotyping by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using three monoclonal antibodies, Ad group-specific, Ad 40 type-specific and Ad41 type-specific antibody. Of 199 samples serotyped by ELISA, 65 were identified as Ad40, 73 as Ad41, 1 as double infection with Ad40 and Ad41, and 60 as Non-EAd. About 70% of Adenovirus detected by EM were suggested to be EAd. Other epidemiological feature was as follows: EAd were detected throughout the year. The predominant serotype was Ad40 during 1980-1985, while Ad41 were observed after 1986. EAd were detected most frequently from the children aged 0-3 years. The incidence of fever in EAd positive group was lower (30%) than that (67%) in the Non-EAd positive group. The incidence of vomiting, nausea and respiratory symptoms was higher in Ad41 associated infections than Ad40.
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PMID:[Epidemiological studies on enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in children]. 775 44

Enteropathogens were investigated in 406 children aged 0-3 years with diarrhoea attending the Salles Neto Municipal Hospital. Enteric bacterial pathogens were isolated from 49 per cent of the children. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (20.9 per cent), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (16.5 per cent), rotavirus (11.6 per cent), and Campylobacter (9.9 per cent) were the most common agents. Among clinical features, vomiting and fever were significantly associated with Rotavirus isolation (50.0 per cent), respiratory infection with Adenovirus (14.3 per cent), bloody diarrhoea with Campylobacter (12.5 per cent), and dehydration with EPEC (71.6 per cent).
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PMID:Aetiology of acute diarrhoea in hospitalized children in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. 813 60

Viral diarrhoea remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Four major categories of viruses are now recognized as clinically important, including rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and calicivirus. This retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in the East centre part of Tunisia. A total of 638 stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age presenting with acute diarrhoea at hospitals the East centre part of Tunisia between October 2003 and September 2005. All samples were analyzed using commercially available immunoenzymatic assay (EIA) kits to detect specific adenovirus antigens. Samples positive for adenovirus antigen were further screened using an ELISA technique allowing specific detection of species F enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41. Adenovirus was detected in 6% of the stools tested using ELISA. Among stool samples testing positive for adenovirus, 57% (20/35) were found to contain species F adenovirus types 40/41. In addition to diarrhoea that was present in all children studied, vomiting and fever were observed in 89% and 53% respectively and were associated with respiratory troubles in 32%. Enteric adenoviruses appear to play an important role in paediatric diarrhoea in Tunisia. Use of simple effective viral diagnostic techniques in paediatric hospitals could improve patient care by reducing unnecessary use of antibiotics.
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PMID:[Prevalence of adenovirus antigens in children presenting with acute diarrhoea]. 1778 77

The Authors relate clinical-microbiological criteria for a rational diagnosis of acute and prolonged enteritis, distinguishing between home and imported diarrheas. During 2005, 381 subjects (192 children and 189 adults) with acute diarrhea and 110 subjects (16 children and 94 adults) with prolonged diarrhea were examined. In the first group Salmonella prevailed in 11.1% of cases (10.9% among children and 11.1% among adults); Campylobacter in 9.2% (respectively 8.9% and 9.5%); other bacteria were identified in 3.2% of cases (1.0% and 3.8% respectively). Rotavirus were observed in 29.5% of children and Adenovirus in 6.2% of pediatric population. Pathogenic protozoa were observed in 1.6% of people (0.5% in children and 2.7% in adults). Among second group pathogenic protozoa prevailed in 6.4% (6.3% in children and 6.4% in adults); toxin A of C. difficile were detected in 8.5% of total cases. The Authors emphasize the importance to investigate always for Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter; in children with vomiting (with acute non invasive enteritis) is necessary to investigate for Rotavirus too; if the diarrhea is prolonged could be important investigate for toxin A/B of C. difficile and for protozoa with specific stains. Based on clinical and epidemiological findings other pathogens could be researched, if possible for own resources.
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PMID:[Acute and prolonged infectious diarrheas, of microbial and viral etiology: methods of clinical and microbiological diagnosis]. 1804 4

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most prominent agents of gastroenteritis and water/food-borne outbreaks affecting all of the age groups in the world. As the identification of the etiologic agent is important during gastroenteritis outbreaks, it is recommended to combine two different methods for rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of NoV. Although NoV outbreaks have been observed in many different countries of the world, there was no report on "NoV outbreak" in Turkey till 2008 due to the absence of a regular surveillance system for non-bacterial gastroenteritis. This study aimed to present the laboratory results for "the first NoV outbreak" in Turkey in 2008. A number of cases with diarrhea and nausea/vomiting initially emerged in Aksaray (located at the southern part of central Anatolia) in May 2008, followed by cases from Sereflikochisar, Kirsehir, and Adana provinces (located at central and southern Anatolia; geographically closer regions). However, regional laboratories declared that no known bacterial (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli), viral (Rotavirus, Adenovirus) and parasitic agents were detected. A total of 50 stool samples were sent to the Virology Reference Laboratory (Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Ankara) for further investigations including NoV. For the investigation of NoV, the samples were analysed by using antigen-ELISA (Ridascreen, R-Biopharm, Germany) and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) methods. Of the samples, 26% (13/50) were found antigen positive, whereas 33% (13/40) were positive for viral nucleic acids. The positivity rates determined by ELISA and PCR were as follows, respectively; 57% (4/7) and 71% (5/7) in Aksaray, 25% (1/4) and 25% (1/4) in Sereflikochisar, 28% (7/25) and 40% (6/15) in Kirsehir, 7% (1/14) and 7% (1/14) in Adana. Nine (69.2%), and 4 (30.8%) out of 13 positive samples were genotyped as NoV GI and GII, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of antigen-ELISA method were found as 61.5% and 100%, respectively, when compared with real-time PCR. In conclusion, further epidemiological studies and genomic analysis are needed for the detection and control of circulating strains in Turkey, since NoV outbreaks spread rapidly and cause serious economical and workforce loss.
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PMID:[Evaluation of laboratory diagnosis of the first norovirus outbreak in Turkey in 2008]. 1914 82

Two types of Canine Adenovirus (CAVs), Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), the virus which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which causes canine infectious laryngotracheitis, have been found in dogs. In this study, blood samples taken from 111 dogs, which were admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinic of Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, with clinical symptoms. Seventy-seven dogs were sampled from Isparta and Burdur dog shelters by random sampling, regardless of the clinical findings. Dogs showed a systemic disease, characterized by fever, diarrhea, vomiting, oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis, severe moist cough, signs of pulmonary disease and dehydration. Two dogs had corneal opacity and photophobia. In serological studies, 188 serum samples were investigated on the presence of CAV antibodies by ELISA. Total 103 (103/188-54.7%) blood samples were detected to be positive for CAV antibodies by ELISA. However, 85 (85/188-45.2%) blood samples were negative. Blood leukocyte samples from dogs were processed and inoculated onto confluent monolayers of MDCK cells using standard virological techniques. After third passage, cells were examined by direct immunoflourescence test for virus isolation. But positive result was not detected. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates the high prevalence of CAV infection in dogs.
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PMID:The serological and virological investigation of canine adenovirus infection on the dogs. 2422 8

Infectious Diarrhea caused by rotavirus and adenovirus, is a leading cause of death in children in sub-Sahara Africa but there is limited published data on the diverse rotavirus genotypes and adenovirus serotypes circulating in the Republic of Congo. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus A (RVA) and Adenovirus serotype 40 and 41 in Congolese children hospitalized with severe gastroenteritis. Stool samples were collected from 655 Congolese children less than 60 months of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between June 2012 and June 2013. Rotavirus and adenovirus antigens were tested using commercially available ELISA kits and the RVA G- and P- genotypes were identified by seminested multiplex RT-PCR. Three hundred and four (46.4%) children were tested positive for RVA. Adenovirus infection was found in 5.5% of the 564 tested children. Rotavirus infection was frequently observed in children between 6-12 months (55.9%). The dry season months recorded increased RVA infection while no seasonality of adenovirus infection was demonstrated. The most common RVA genotypes were G1 (57.5%), G2 (6.4%), G1G2 mixture (15.5%), P[8] (58%), P[6] (13.2%), and P[8]P[6] mixture (26%). Additionally, the genotype G12P[6] was significantly associated with increased vomiting. This first study on Congolese children demonstrates a high prevalence and clinical significance of existing rotavirus genotypes. Adenovirus prevalence is similar to that of other Central African countries. This baseline epidemiology and molecular characterization study will contribute significantly to the RVA surveillance after vaccine implementation in the country.
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PMID:Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in Congolese children with gastroenteritis. 2637 7