Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 15 patients with measurable advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma were prospectively treated with fazarabine (Ara-AC), reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide, and administered at a starting dose of 48 mg/m2/day as a continuous intravenous infusion for three days. The dose was repeated every 21 days and dose escalations or reductions were made on the basis of toxicities encountered in the preceding course. No patient achieved either a complete or partial response. Major toxicities encountered were granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, anemia, and headache. All toxicities were reversible upon discontinuation of the drug and no life-threatening toxicities occurred. These data indicate that further clinical trials in colorectal carcinoma with this agent and schedule of administration are not warranted.
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PMID:Phase II trial of fazarabine in advanced colorectal carcinoma. 137 22

A total of 48 patients with measurable advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 16) or adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas (n = 32) were prospectively treated with iproplatin at a starting dose of 270 mg/m2 intravenously over 2 hours. The dose was repeated every 28 days, and dose escalations or reductions were made on the basis of toxicity in the preceding course. No patient with gastric carcinoma achieved either a complete or partial response. One partial response and two complete responses were seen with pancreatic adenocarcinoma for an overall response rate of 10%. One patient has remained free of disease for more than 2 years. The major toxicities were granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. All toxicities were reversible upon discontinuation of the drug. On the basis of this trial, we conclude that iproplatin has no substantive activity in advanced gastric or pancreatic carcinomas.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of iproplatin in patients with advanced gastric and pancreatic cancer. 144 17

We herein report a rare case of papillary adenocarcinoma which occurred in the third portion of the duodenum. The patient was a 62-year-old Japanese male who was admitted due to vomiting and right lower abdominal pain. No abnormal findings were found in the laboratory examinations. After a diagnosis of primary duodenal carcinoma was made by radiologic, endoscopic and ultrasonographic studies, a pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. The histology of the resected specimen revealed papillary adenocarcinoma, with invasion reaching to the pancreatic body. Some characteristic features of the disease are also reviewed.
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PMID:Primary papillary adenocarcinoma in the third portion of the duodenum. 151 54

Although prostate carcinoma is the most common malignancy in males, it rarely involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We report the first case of endoscopically diagnosed prostate carcinoma metastatic to the stomach in an 88-year-old man whose heralding symptoms were nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. The initial diagnosis was not suggested at presentation, but an upper endoscopy and biopsy suggested adenocarcinoma of uncertain primary site subsequently confirmed to be of prostatic origin by immunohistochemical staining. We review the clinical aspects and endoscopic diagnosis of this condition.
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PMID:Prostate cancer metastatic to the stomach. Clinical aspects and endoscopic diagnosis. 156 1

In this retrospective study, 81 patients operated by craniotomy for a brain metastasis are reviewed. Mean age is 56.3 years and most of the patients are male (71.6%). Clinically, 79% of the patients present a focal semiology, most frequently with neuropsychologic disturbances (43%); epilepsy is found in 31% of the cases. Symptoms related to intracranial hypertension (vomiting and headache) are present in 43% of the patients. On C.T.-scan, there is a solitary metastasis in 89% and the most common intracranial location is the frontal lobe (33.3%). The most frequent primary neoplasms are: bronchial adenocarcinoma in 19%, squamous carcinoma of the lung in 11%, melanoma in 12% and unknown origin in 18%. The surgical removal (as judged by the surgeon) is total in 70%, subtotal in 19% and partial in 11%. Standard operative mortality (30 days after craniotomy) is 7.4%. The postoperative course (till the patients leave our department) is excellent in 58% (complete neurologic recovery), steady in 20% (stability of symptoms and neurologic examination) and bad in 22%, with worsening of the neurological deficits. Most of the patients (84% of the patients who survive more than 30 days after the craniotomy) had postoperative whole brain radiotherapy with a hypofractionned schedule (total doses of 15 to 40 Gy with fractions of 200 to 650 cGy). Ten patients had surgery alone. Mean survival is 10.2 months with a follow-up of 12 months to 10 years. Ten patients survived over 18 months and one is still alive almost 4 years after his craniotomy. In this study, the survival is not modified by the primary lesion's histology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cerebral metastases. A study of a surgical series of 81 cases]. 160 35

Forty Japanese patients with primary malignant tumors of the small intestine were reviewed. Adenocarcinoma was the most common tumor type comprising 19 patients (47%), followed by malignant lymphoma, 11 (30%), leiomyosarcoma, 8 (20%) and carcinoid tumor, 1 (3%). Adenocarcinomas and leiomyosarcomas were primarily located in the duodenum or jejunum, whereas lymphomas were more common in the jejunum or ileum. Abdominal pain (65%) and nausea or vomiting (35%) were the most common symptoms with these tumors. Barium contrast studies were able to detect 83% of these tumors. Our results also suggest that computed tomography and ultrasonography are not reliable for diagnosing jejunal tumors while superior mesenteric angiography is effective for diagnosing ileal tumors. The duodenal and ileal tumors tended to metastasize to lymph nodes while jejunal ones tended to penetrate the serosa or to disseminate into the peritoneal cavity. The percentage of tumors potentially cured by surgery and the 5 year survival rates of the leiomyosarcomas (75% and 57%, respectively) were higher than those of adenocarcinomas (42% and 10%, respectively) and lymphomas (42% and 32%, respectively).
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PMID:Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine: analysis of 40 Japanese patients. 161 34

A total of 119 Japanese patients with pancreas head carcinoma were treated in the Department of Surgery I, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan, from January 1976 to December 1991. Three of the 119 patients had carcinoma in the uncinate process, with a 2.5% incidence of pancreas head carcinoma. Those three cases consisted of two men, one 55 and one 72 yr old, and one 62-yr-old woman. Two patients developed abdominal pain, whereas another was vomiting; no patients were icteric. Hypotonic duodenography showed an irregular mucosa of the inner area of the third portion of the duodenum in two and an obstruction of the duodenum in one. Drip infusion cholangiography and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed no abnormality of the biliary tract or pancreatic ducts in any of the three. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass in the uncinate process in three, and computed tomography showed a low-density mass in the uncinate process in two with a displacement of the superior mesenteric vessels toward the anterior. Angiography showed encasement of the pancreatoduodenal arcade in three, the dorsal pancreatic artery in two, and the middle colic artery in two. No neovascularity or tumor staining was present. Two patients underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy, and the other had a bypass operation (gastrojejunostomy). The histopathologic diagnosis was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma, respectively. Two patients died from local recurrence and/or distant metastasis 5 and 6 months after a radical resection, and the other died 3 months after clinical diagnosis. Peculiar clinicopathologic features of these patients with pancreas carcinoma arising in the uncinate process are reported herein, and the clinical problems of this disorder are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the uncinate process of the pancreas with a peculiar clinical manifestation. 164 9

Turcot's syndrome is a rare, genetically transmittable disease in which patients with colonic polyposis (possibly complicated by the progression to adenocarcinoma) have malignant central nervous system neoplasms. Dominant, recessive, and sporadic cases have been described. A 26-year-old man is reported with no relevant family history who had intermittent abdominal discomfort in 1986. Sigmoidoscopy revealed numerous polyps, several of which showed carcinomatous change. Dukes' Stage C colorectal carcinoma was diagnosed. Treatment consisted of total colectomy with construction of a Koch's pouch. He remained well for 3 years until onset of headache, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomographic scan disclosed a large, circumscribed, enhancing, right frontoparietal mass. After craniotomy and partial resection, histologic review disclosed anaplastic astrocytoma. He received cranial radiation therapy, 6000 cGy, by parallel opposed ports to the tumor bed, and carmustine 200 mg/m2 intravenously every 8 weeks. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was done on the paraffin-embedded archival material from the patient's normal colon, colonic adenocarcinoma, and anaplastic astrocytoma. DNA histograms revealed diploid distributions in all three samples. The G2/M fraction of the astrocytoma was elevated at 16%, and the S-phase fraction of the colonic adenocarcinoma was 19.4%.
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PMID:Turcot's syndrome. Flow cytometric analysis. 165

Endoscopic laser therapy with the neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser has been shown to provide good palliation of upper gastrointestinal obstruction caused by malignancy, and to be associated with a low morbidity and a low mortality rate. Fifty patients with inoperable upper gastrointestinal malignancy have been treated with this method: 22 had oesophageal carcinoma, 16 adenocarcinoma at the cardio-oesophageal junction, two carcinoma of the antrum and 10 recurrent tumours at the site of previous anastomoses. The main symptoms were dysphagia in 40 and vomiting in seven; three others had recurrent bleeding. An Nd-YAG laser was used to photocoagulate the tumours using power levels of 50-100 W and an average energy output per treatment of 10,000 J. Thirty patients (75%) with dysphagia improved with treatment but vomiting was relieved in only three of the seven patients with this symptom. Complications were infrequent--two patients (4%) developed a perforation and one had a respiratory arrest which was reversible. The 30-day mortality rate was 14% with 2% being related to the procedure. Endoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy is an acceptable alternative to the more established methods of palliation such as surgical or endoscopic intubation.
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PMID:Endoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy for palliation of upper gastrointestinal malignancy. 169 49

A Phase I trial of three carboplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens was conducted. These included: carboplatin plus vindesine; carboplatin, vindesine, plus bleomycin; and, carboplatin plus vinblastine. Carboplatin was administered every 28 days as an intravenous bolus. The initial dose was 150 mg/m2 and doses were escalated by 50 mg/m2 in each successive group of patients. Vindesine was given at a dose of 3 mg/m2 weekly for 5 doses, then every other week thereafter. Bleomycin, 10 units/m2 IV bolus, was followed by 10 units/m2/day infusion for 4 days (3-7 and 31-35). Vinblastine was given at 5 mg/m2 every other week. Doses of vindesine, vinblastine, and bleomycin were not escalated. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the carboplatin, vindesine +/- bleomycin regimens was reached at a carboplatin dose of 250 mg/m2 and the MTD was influenced by the weekly vindesine in the initial 4 weeks of therapy. The MTD of the carboplatin and vinblastine regimen was reached at a carboplatin dose of 500 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity of all three regimens was leukopenia. Although nonhematological toxicity of the carboplatin and vinblastine regimen included peripheral neuropathy and emesis, therapy was easily administered in an outpatient setting. The recommended Phase II dose of carboplatin is 450 mg/m2 in combination with vinblastine at this dose and schedule for previously untreated patients. Twelve patients demonstrated major responses with the various regimens including 5 of 24 patients with adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:A phase I trial of combination chemotherapy employing carboplatin, vinca alkaloids, with or without bleomycin in patients with advanced malignant tumors. 169 10


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