Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty six (7.3%) of a total of 356 patients with acute renal failure were found to have acute pancreatitis as the primary disease. Seventeen (65.4%) of them were males. Their mean age was 35.6 years. Clinically epigastric pain and tenderness were seen in all (100%); nausea vomiting (73%), low grade fever (50%), left sided pleural effusion (38.4%), haemopericardium (26.9%), shock (26.9%), pseudocyst (19.3%) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (7.6%) were the other major presenting features. Serum amnylase (100%), lipase (53.8%), triglycerides (53.8%) and blood sugar (38.5%) were raised in majority whereas serum calcium was detected to be below normal in 46.2% patients. Blood urea and serum creatinine were raised in all and hyperkalacmia was found in 50% patients. CT scan and USG abdomen showed bilateral enlarged kidneys (100%), pancreatic oedema (80.7%), necrosis of pancreas (19.3%) and pseudocyst (19.3%). Management included repeated peritoneal dialysis in all (100%) and surgical intervention in 53.8% patients with severe necrotising and haemorrhagic pancreatitis. All patients recovered from acute renal failure, but 26.9% patients expired due to complications of acute pancreatitis other than acute renal failure.
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PMID:Renal failure in acute pancreatitis. 1125 2

The authors present the diagnostic and therapeutic evolution of a case of duodenal duplication complicated by acute recurring pancreatitis in a eight-year-old boy. Abdominal pain and vomiting represented important clinical signs associated with a previous history of inexplicable episodes of acute pancreatitis. Abdominal US scan and NMR were able to diagnose the duodenal duplication preoperatively. Initial treatment was conservative in the attempt to resolve the acute pancreatitis episode. Partial exeresis and derivation of the duplication in the duodenal lumen was subsequently performed. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. Currently, at 6 months after intervention, the patient is clinically asymptomatic and negative at US scan follow-up.
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PMID:Relapsing acute pancreatitis due to duodenal duplication in an 8-year-old child. Case report. 1142

Among the idiosyncratic reactions related to VPA, pancreatitis is the most rare and less remembered even though its potentially fatal course. We report the case of a 5 year-old boy with epilepsy treated with VPA 40 mg/kg/day associated with CBZ 20 mg/kg/day and PB 3 mg/kg/day, admitted for vomiting, abdominal pain, low grade fever, abdominal tension and amylasis of 288 UI. On evolution presented upper digestive hemorrhage, shock and amylasis of 564 UI. The patient was submitted to exploratory laparotomy with findings of hemorrhagic ascitis, retroperitoneal hematoma, increased volume of pancreas with edema and hemorrhage leading to diagnosis of necro-hemorrhagic pancreatitis and a fatal course. Pancreatic complications are well known complications related to VPA treatment and may vary between asymptomatic hyperamilasemy to fatal acute pancreatitis. The characteristics of our patient correlates with the data on literature: we found 7 similar cases reported, 4 of which died.
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PMID:[Fatal necro-hemorrhagic pancreatitis related to sodium valproate: case report]. 1159 93

Numerous infectious agents may induce acute pancreatitis. We report 6 cases of Salmonella-associated acute pancreatitis. Pathogenesis of this type of pancreatitis is related to multiple factors that may coexist in the same patient. The typical clinical picture consists in epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and fever. Imaging techniques often disclose minimal changes such as moderate swelling of a part or of the totality of pancreas. As outcome is usually good, conservative treatment and antibiotics may be sufficient to ensure recovery.
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PMID:[Acute pancreatitis and pancreatic reactions due to Salmonella. A study of 6 cases]. 1193 49

A 52-year-old lady with a history of hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus type 2, presented with severe upper abdominal pain and vomiting of 4 hours duration. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed based on high serum amylase and an abdominal computerized tomography scan. On the 3rd day she developed fever, increasing abdominal pain and shortness of breath. A repeated computerized tomography scan showed severe pancreatic necrosis and right adrenal hemorrhage.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis complicated by spontaneous unilateral adrenal hemorrhage. 1207 May 59

We report tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia and asymptomatic acute pancreatitis in a 51 year-old women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage III-b infiltrative ductal carcinoma, admitted to the hospital with weakness, oliguria and glucose dysregulation. On admission, there was no fever, abdominal or back pain, rebound tenderness, nausea, or vomiting. Following 1 year of tamoxifen treatment, triglycerides increased from 400 to 1344 mg/dl (blood urea nitrogen 52 mg/dl, creatinine 2.0 mg/dl, glucose 341 mg/dl). Hypertriglyceridemia was considered to be due to either diabetic dyslipidemia and/or tamoxifen. On computerized tomography, pancreatic enlargement, heterogenity, hypodensity and a pancreatic pseudocyst (5 x 7.5 cm diameter) were found. Acute pancreatitis was suspected, and serum amylase level was found to be increased (273 IU/L). Tamoxifen was discontinued and gemfibrozil was started. Triglycerides decreased to 301 mg/dl and amylase decreased to 66 IU/L a week later and remained normal thereafter. This case indicates that tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia may cause acute pancreatitis without classical symptoms which might be due to autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients. Effects on lipid metabolism should be considered and triglycerides should be closely followed in patients on tamoxifen.
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PMID:Asymptomatic acute pancreatitis due to tamoxifen-induced severe hypertriglyceridemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus and breast cancer. 1212 Aug 88

Five callitrichids (three common marmosets -Callithrix jacchus -, a black tufted-eared marmoset -C. penicillata-, and a saddle-back tamarin -Saguinus fuscicollis) were diagnosed with islet hyperplasia by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. All were privately-owned, unrelated callitrichids ranging from 2- to 4-year-old. Relevant findings were anorexia (3/5), vomiting (2/5), ptyalism (1/5), polyuria/polydipsia (1/5), respiratory distress (1/5), hyperglycemia (2/3) and glycosuria (1/1); hyperglycemia and glycosuria were associated with pregnancy in a common marmoset and resolved after reducing simple carbohydrates in diet. All five animals died, three of them after few premonitory signs; in two cases, other concurrent diseases unrelated to islet hyperplasia were considered the cause of death. Additional animals from two facilities had high weight (4), physical obesity (3), polyuria/polydipsia/polyphagia/uriposia (1), hyperglycemia (1), and/or glycosuria (2). Pathologic findings in the deceased callitrichids were: islet hyperplasia (5/5); hemosiderosis (5/5); lipomatosis (4/5) of several tissues (atria, 3/5; pancreas, gall bladder, intestine, esophagus, and thyroid, 2/5; liver, 1/5); pancreatic necrosis or steatonecrosis, and/or acute pancreatitis (3/5); and vacuolation of hepatocytes and renal tubular cells most likely consistent with hepatorenal lipidosis (2/5). The islets of Langerhans were more numerous and larger than in a control, and morphologically normal in all cases, except in a common marmoset that had a few cells with a foamy cytoplasm and shrunken hyperchromatic or picknotic nucleus. Insulin (5/5), glucagon (3/5), and somatostatin (3/5) immunohistochemistry revealed that most cells stained positively for insulin diffusely in their cytoplasm (5/5) (staining restricted to the vascular pole of b-cells in the control). These findings suggest that obesity, insulin resistance and/or type II diabetes may be implicated and thus a prospective study on these diseases in callitrichids is necessary to determine their etiopathogenesis.
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PMID:Islet hyperplasia in callitrichids. 1214 99

Complications of oral contraceptives (OCs) affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas are rare but potentially serious. Hepatobiliary complications are by far the most frequent and varied. Hepatic lesions will probably decline in frequency as low-dose OCs replace higher dosed pills. Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by OCs resembles that of pregnancy. There may be a genetic predisposition to both conditions involving a dose-dependent estrogen effect of decreasing bile secretion. Intrahepatic cholestasis appears within 6 cycles of OC use. Symptoms include pruritus with anorexia, asthenia, vomiting, and weight loss without fever, rash or abdominal pain. Termination of OCs clears the condition without sequelae within 1-3 months, sometimes after a temporary aggravation. A moderate and asymptomatic cytolysis may appear when OC treatment is begun. Sinusoidal dilatation has been conclusively linked to OCs although few cases have been published. Clinical manifestations other than hepatomegaly are variable. Abdominal pain and fever are the most common. The condition is not related to duration of use and disappears 5-15 days after OC use is terminated. The relative risk of Budd-Chiari syndrome in OC users is estimated at 2.37. OCs increase the prevalence of hepatic adenomas as a function of duration of treatment. They are usually discovered fortuitously but may be revealed by vague abdominal pains. Hemorrhagic complications are more likely in OC users. It may be difficult to distinguish between adenomas, hepatocellular carcinoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia. A puncture biopsy guided by sonography may aid diagnosis. The natural history of adenomas is poorly understood and treatment remains controversial. OCs do not appear to increase the risk of focal nodular hyperplasia but they increase the size of the tumor and the risk of hemorrhage. OCs should be terminated because of risk of hemorrhage. Surgical resection is not indicated unless there are complication or diagnostic doubts. While hepatocellular carcinoma is very rare, its risk is increased by a factor of 7-20 in women using OCs for 8 years or more. Use of combined OCs appears to speed development of lithiasis in predisposed women. Risk of lithiasis is linked to estrogen content in women under 30. Several cases of acute pancreatitis in the 1st 3 months of treatment have been reported in women with preexisting lipid metabolic anomalies. Cases of ischemic lesions of the small intestine or colon have been reported in OC users with A positive blood type. Such lesions can be fatal without early diagnosis and termination of OCs. Gastric esophageal reflux is increased by progestins. Preexisting constipation may be aggravated and the incidence of Crohn's disease increased by OCs. It is advisable to rule out preexisting hepatic pathology before prescribing OCs. OCs should be stopped in case of viral hepatitis.
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PMID:[Contraception and hepatogastroenterology]. 1231 76

Chlor-Trimeton (chlorprophenpyridamine maleate) syrup was effective in preventing and controlling nausea and vomiting in 53 of 57 patients. In doses of one to four teaspoonfuls (2 to 8 mg.), it controlled nausea and vomiting following operative procedures, vomiting due to nonspecific causes, hyperemesis gravidarum, vomiting in altitude and radiation sickness, and vomiting in patients with carcinoma of the colon, acute pancreatitis, and poorly controlled diabetes. No untoward effects from the drug were noted. The syrup was easy to administer, rapidly absorbed, and apparently provided a local anesthetic effect on gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Control of nausea and vomiting; observations on the use of chlortrimeton (chlorprophenpyridamine maleate) syrup. 1342 12

Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as acute pancreatitis is rare. We report a case of a 12-year-old girl with a 1-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus who developed active pancreatitis. The pancreatitis was first manifested by nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Elevated serum amylase (578 U/L) and lipase levels (5588 U/L), and pancreatic enlargement on ultrasound and computerized tomography confirmed the diagnosis. She responded well to high-dose corticosteroid. The high titer of antinuclear antibodies (1:1280) and low level of complement components (C3, 42.9 mg/dL; C4, 2.3 mg/dL) during the pancreatitis attack suggested that the pancreatitis may have been due to systemic lupus erythematosus exacerbation and not related to drug therapy.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus-related acute pancreatitis: a case report. 1458 68


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