Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During an outbreak of acute Salmonella braenderup gastroenteritis we performed a standardised interview encompassing questions on clinical symptoms in 156 (127 adults and 29 children) of 215 identified patients. Sequential stool cultures were obtained for up to five months in these 156 cases. We restricted the analysis to the 122 patients with at least 3 or more available cultures. They were treated with a fluoroquinolone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or not treated with antibiotics, according to the decision of the practitioners. For this reason, a randomised double blind study was not possible. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the prescribed drugs were measured for representative isolates before and after treatment. The most frequent symptoms were diarrhoea (98%) and abdominal pain (96%). Vomiting occurred in 43% of cases. Children were more severely ill. Seven weeks after acute gastroenteritis, stool cultures were still positive for salmonella in 71% of the 22 children and 30% of the 100 adults examined (p < 0.002). This rate decreased progressively in both groups to 5 and 3% respectively at 20 weeks (n.s.). Among adults, no significant difference in enteric carriage over time could be demonstrated between untreated patients and those treated with either a fluoroquinolone or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MIC for salmonella isolates remained unchanged after treatment. In a cohort of patients infected with a single strain of salmonella, fluoroquinolone therapy of acute gastroenteritis failed to influence the duration of enteric carriage, despite continuing susceptibility of the strain. In children, the rate of clearance of Salmonella braenderup from stool was statistically lower until the tenth week after the acute disease, but there was no further difference after 5 months.
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PMID:Clinical features and analysis of the duration of colonisation during an outbreak of Salmonella braenderup gastroenteritis. 1101 21

Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is the most important tick-borne disease in Portugal. It is a notifiable disease and during 1989-2000 the annual incidence rate in Portugal was 9.8/10(5) inhabitants. Although recognized as a benign acute disease and treated mainly with ambulatory procedures, some cases are severe and fatalities have increased in the last few years. In 1997, MSF mortality became more evident in Beja, a Portuguese southern district, with a case fatality rate of 32.3% in hospitalized patients. Analysis of 55 variables regarding epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data of fatal and nonfatal MSF cases were compared to identify risk factors in 105 patients hospitalized in Beja District Hospital, between 1994 and 1998. It was statistically significant that the patients dying in 1997 were younger than those in other years. The risk of dying is statistically significant in those who presented with diabetes, vomiting, dehydration, and uremia. The interval between the onset of symptoms to administration of anti-rickettsial therapy was the same for all patients. Therapy delay, reported by some authors to be associated with mortality of MSF, was not a risk factor in our study. The patients who died in 1997 died faster than those in other years. The variables studied could not explain the higher mortality rates observed in our study. Although one may speculate that the pathogenic strain of Israeli tick typhus, isolated in 1997, could be responsible for this increase of fatality rate, inherited patient factors might also be strongly associated with mortality.
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PMID:Mediterranean spotted fever in Portugal: risk factors for fatal outcome in 105 hospitalized patients. 1286 Jun 41

The data concerning Osetron application for prevention and elimination of emesis and vomiting in postoperative period in patients with an acute disorder of the brain blood circulation according to hemorrhagic, ischemic and mixed types were presented.
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PMID:[Antiemetic effect of osetron used during endovascular operations in patients with vascular pathology of brain]. 1726 91

Ebola virus disease is one of the deadliest pathogens known to man, with a mortality rate between 25-90% depending on the species and outbreak of Ebola. Typically, it presents with fever, headache, voluminous vomiting and diarrhea, and can progress to a hemorrhagic illness; neurologic symptoms, including meningoencephalitis, seizures, and coma, can also occur. Recently, an outbreak occurred in West Africa, affecting > 28,000 people, and killing > 11,000. Owing to the magnitude of this outbreak, and the large number (>17,000) of Ebola survivors, the medical and scientific communities are learning much more about the acute manifestations and sequelae of Ebola. A number of neurologic complications can occur after Ebola, such as seizures, memory loss, headaches, cranial nerve abnormalities, and tremor. Ebola may also persist in some immunologically privileged sites, including the central nervous system, and can rarely lead to relapse in disease. Owing to these findings, it is important that survivors are evaluated and monitored for neurologic symptoms. Much is unknown about this disease, and treatment remains largely supportive; however, with ongoing clinical and basic science, the mechanisms of how Ebola affects the central nervous system and how it persists after acute disease will hopefully become more clear, and better treatments and clinical practices for Ebola patients will be developed.
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PMID:Neurological Complications of Ebola Virus Infection. 2741 84

Rotaviruses are well-known causative agents of enteric disorders in humans and other mammals, but little is known about their virulence and pathogenic role in pigeons and other birds. Starting in summer 2017, a series of outbreaks of an acute disease with high mortalities was reported in domestic pigeons in Germany, Belgium and Denmark. The clinical picture was characterized by diarrhoea, vomiting, hepatic necrosis and sudden fatalities. From these severe outbreaks, we discovered several previously unknown group A rotavirus (RVA) lineages of genotype G18P[17]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A4-T4-N4-E19-H4, which were closely related but not identical to an RVA variant identified in cases of fatal hepatic necrosis in Australian pigeon lofts in 2016. Retrospective analysis demonstrated that the predecessors of the highly virulent variants have circulated in Europe since at least 2010. Our data indicate that reassortment and intercontinental spread has led to the emergence of novel RVA variants, which may constitute a major threat to animal welfare and health of domestic pigeon populations worldwide.
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PMID:Identification of a novel clade of group A rotaviruses in fatally diseased domestic pigeons in Europe. 3040 42

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused a pandemic coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. Till 14th April, 19,39,801 people have been affected by this virus, of whom 1,20,897 died. Though respiratory symptoms are the typical manifestation of this disease, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, loss of taste sensation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and discomfort have been reported. The pooled prevalence of GI symptom is 17.6% (95% confidence interval, 12.3%-24.5%), as indicated in a meta-analysis. A few studies suggested that the presence of GI symptoms is associated with poorer prognosis. The virus is excreted in feces during the acute disease, and even after, the nasopharyngeal swab has become negative for viral ribonucleic acid. Fecal viral excretion may have clinical significance because of possible feco-oral transmission of the infection. Nearly, 10.5%-53% of patients with COVID-19, particularly those with severe disease, have been shown to have an elevation of hepatic enzymes though biochemical and clinical jaundice are uncommon. Knowledge about this disease in general and GI involvement, in particular, is currently evolving.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Involvement in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Review. 3283 95


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