Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1 (CDGS-1) is an autosomal recessive hereditary metabolic disorder, the gene locus of which is chromosome 16p13. The disorder is characterised by genetic heterogeneity, and by decrease in the gene product, phosphomannomutase 2, though the heterogeneity is far less manifest in affected Swedish families. Its incidence is 1/80,000 live births, and the under-5 mortality rate over 30 per cent. The causes of death are liver failure, cardiac tamponade, haemorrhaging, and severe infection. The characteristic biochemical aberration is the occurrence of deficient carbohydrate chains in many but not all circulating glycoproteins, and the serum and blood concentrations of some glycoproteins may be above or below normal. These changes may improve over time, but never normalise. The clinical picture is generally more problematic during the first years of life when psychomotor retardation is complicated by failure to thrive, liver dysfunction, pericardial effusions, and stroke-like episodes. In addition, strabismus, lipocutaneous anomalies, and gluteal fat pads are always present, and muscular hypotonia and restricted joint mobility are common. Failure to thrive is common, with vomiting and diarrhoea and subsequent slow growth. Inflammation is a constant finding in the liver, and very common in the small bowel. Pancreatic function is also affected. Pericardial effusion has been reported in 50 per cent of the youngest children, requiring pericardectomy in 30 per cent of cases. Haemorrhaging and thromboembolic complications may occur, and the serum concentrations of several factors and inhibitors are low, particularly those of factors V and XI, protein C and antithrombin. Stroke-like episodes occur in about 30 per cent of cases, often following an infection, with coma lasting for hours to several days. Such sequelae as hemiplegia, blindness, and other focal neurological pathology have been observed transiently. Diagnosis is based on the serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin level, verified by isoelectric focusing. Molecular genetic procedures enable point mutations to be identified and prenatal diagnosis to be performed in many families.
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PMID:[CDGS-1--a recently discovered hereditary metabolic disease. Multiple organ manifestations, incidence 1/80,000, difficult to treat]. 988 93

We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to investigate the effectiveness of P6 acupuncture on postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Acupuncture was performed by laser stimulation with a low-level laser. Laser stimulation of P6 was administered 15 min before induction of anaesthesia and 15 min after arriving in the recovery room. In the laser stimulation group, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower (25%) than that in the placebo group (85%).
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PMID:Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. 992 26

This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of granisetron plus droperidol with each antiemetic alone for the prevention of vomiting after paediatric strabismus surgery. In a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial, 120 ASA physical status I children, aged 4-10 years, received granisetron 40 microg.kg- 1, droperidol 50 microg.kg- 1, granisetron 40 microg.kg- 1 plus droperidol 50 microg.kg- 1 (n=40 of each) intravenously after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia. A complete response, defined as no vomiting, no retching and no need for another rescue antiemetic medication, during 0-3 h after anaesthesia was 80% with granisetron, 45% with droperidol and 98% with granisetron plus droperidol, respectively; the corresponding incidence during 3-24 h after anaesthesia was 78%, 38% and 98% (P< 0.05; overall chi-squared test with Yates continuity correction). No clinically important adverse events were observed in any of the groups. In conclusion, a combination of granisetron and droperidol was more effective than granisetron or droperidol as a sole antiemetic for the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus repair.
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PMID:Combination of granisetron and droperidol for the prevention of vomiting after paediatric strabismus surgery. 2729 Jul 48

Vomiting is a common problem following strabismus surgery. We compared the effects of propofol-N2O and sevoflurane-N2O on the incidence of oculocardiac reflex and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Forty unpremedicated children, aged 3-15 years were randomly assigned to two groups of 20 patients. In group 1, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol infusion (173 +/- 41 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). In group 2, anaesthesia was induced with N2O (66%) in O2 and incremental sevoflurane via face mask and maintained with sevoflurane. Both groups received 66% N2O in O2 throughout surgery. The overall incidence of vomiting and antiemetic requirement in the first 24 h was significantly higher in sevoflurane-N2O group than propofol-N2O group (P < 0.05). The propofol-N2O group had significantly more episodes of oculocardiac reflex than sevoflurane-N2O group (P < 0.05). Propofol-N2O anaesthesia results in a significantly lower incidence of postoperative vomiting, yet a significantly higher incidence of oculocardiac reflex.
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PMID:Propofol-nitrous oxide versus sevoflurane-nitrous oxide for strabismus surgery in children. 1059 52

In a prospective, randomized parallel study, 60 ASA I-III children aged 1-17 years, scheduled for elective strabismus surgery, were anaesthetized with desflurane without prophylactic antiemetic medication. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia with desflurane. To decide whether nitrous oxide further influences these symptoms, the patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 patients each. One group received desflurane in oxygen/air and a second group received desflurane in oxygen/nitrous oxide. In all children, after intravenous induction and tracheal intubation, anaesthesia was administered as minimal flow anaesthesia with oxygen and nitrous oxide or air according to the random plan. The patients were observed for 48 postoperative hours until their discharge from the ward. The overall incidence of nausea was found to be 37%, and vomiting was seen in 32% of all patients. No statistical correlation was found between the incidence of postoperative emesis and the administration of nitrous oxide or the duration of general anaesthesia. Instead, the incidence of vomiting was 2.5-fold higher when surgery was performed on both eyes compared with one eye. The relatively low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well as the quick recovery from anaesthesia, permitting an early discharge from the postoperative care unit to the ward, show desflurane to be a suitable volatile anaesthetic in strabismus surgery in children.
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PMID:Incidence of nausea and vomiting in children after strabismus surgery following desflurane anaesthesia. 1059 56

This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study evaluated the effect of the timing of ondansetron administration on its antiemetic efficacy in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery. One hundred and twenty children aged one to 15 years, ASA physical status 1 or 2, were randomly allocated to receive intravenous ondansetron 100 micrograms/kg either at induction (Group 1) or at the end of the surgery (Group 2). All patients had general anaesthesia induced and maintained with nitrous oxide and halothane, muscle relaxation with vecuronium, endotracheal intubation, reversal with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate, and pethidine 0.5 mg/kg analgesia. Episodes of nausea and vomiting were evaluated at 0 to 2, 2 to 6 and 6 to 24 hour intervals by a blinded observer. Demographic data, duration of anaesthesia, type of surgery, incidence of previous postoperative nausea or vomiting and motion sickness and number of patients who developed oculocardiac reflex requiring atropine treatment were similar in both groups. The incidence of emesis in the first 24 hours following surgery was similar in both groups (35% Group 1, 33.3% Group 2, P = 1.00). Severity of emesis (median number of emetic episodes, rescue antiemetic requirement and mean time to the onset of first episode of emesis) and mean time to discharge from the post anaesthesia care unit were also similar in the two groups. We conclude that the timing of ondansetron administration either before or after the surgical manipulation of extraocular muscles had similar antiemetic efficacy following strabismus surgery in children.
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PMID:Effect of timing of ondansetron administration on incidence of postoperative vomiting in paediatric strabismus surgery. 1070 Oct 32

This prospective, randomized and double-blinded study was designed to evaluate the anti-emetic efficacy of a combination of ondansetron and metoclopramide in 100 ASA physical status I and II children of either sex and 1-15 years of age undergoing elective surgery for strabismus. A standardized anaesthetic technique and post-operative analgesia were used for all the children. Children were divided into four groups. They received saline, metoclopromide 250 micrograms kg-1, ondansetron 150 micrograms kg-1 or a combination of metoclopramide 150 micrograms kg-1 and ondansetron 100 micrograms kg-1 intravenously immediately after the insertion of an intravenous cannulae. There were no differences between the groups in their age, gender, weight, duration of surgery, number of muscles subjected to surgery or intravenous fluids received. In the first 24 post-operative hours, 18 (72%) patients in the placebo group, 15 (60%) patients in the metoclopramide group, 10 (40%) patients in the ondansetron group and 11 (44%) patients in the combination group had nausea or vomiting. The overall incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the combination group and in the ondansetron group compared with the placebo group. Nine (36%) patients in both the placebo and the metoclopramide groups and one (4%) patient in the ondansetron group required rescue anti-emetic treatment. None of the patients in the combination group required rescue anti-emetic and this was significantly less (P < 0.01) when compared with the placebo and the metoclopramide groups. Recovery and sedation scores were comparable in all the four groups. A combination of metoclopramide 150 micrograms kg-1 and ondansetron 100 micrograms kg-1 administered prior to surgery was not found to be more effective than ondansetron 150 micrograms kg-1 alone for the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting following surgical repair of strabismus in paediatric patients.
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PMID:Comparison of anti-emetic effects of ondansetron, metoclopromide or a combination of both in children undergoing surgery for strabismus. 1071 69

We have investigated the effectiveness of rectally administered dimenhydrinate on postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. In one group, dimenhydrinate 50 mg was administered rectally 30 min before starting anaesthesia, whereas in the control group, placebo suppositories were given. Children who received dimenhydrinate showed a significantly (P < 0.001) lower incidence of vomiting (15%) than those in the control group (75%). We conclude that rectal administration of dimenhydrinate is an effective means of reducing postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery.
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PMID:Rectally administered dimenhydrinate reduces postoperative vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. 1079 7

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Korean hand acupuncture in preventing postoperative vomiting in children scheduled for strabismus surgery. In one group, acupressure was performed 30 min before induction of anaesthesia by applying an acupressure disc onto the Korean hand acupuncture point K-K9; the disc remained in situ for at least 24 h. The second group functioned as placebo group. The treatment groups did not differ with regard to patient characteristics, surgical procedure and anaesthetic administered. In the acupressure group, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower (20%) than in the placebo group (68%). We conclude that Korean hand acupressure of the acupuncture point K-K9 is an effective method for reducing postoperative vomiting in children after strabismus repair.
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PMID:Korean hand acupressure reduces postoperative vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. 1099 37

This prospective double-blind study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution compared with placebo in 30 healthy children undergoing extraocular muscle recession for correction of strabismus. After paracetamol 20 mg.kg-1 preoperatively, a standard anaesthetic was given. There were no significant differences in Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and faces pain scale (FPS) scores, requirement for supplementary analgesia or in postoperative vomiting between the two groups over the following 24 h. This study did not demonstrate improved postoperative analgesia when topical ketorolac eye drops were given in addition to paracetamol. This observed lack of efficacy may reflect difficulties in the use of CHEOPS and FPS in this age group with this pain model.
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PMID:Analgesic efficacy of ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Accular) in paediatric strabismus surgery. 1101 56


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