Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Beagle dogs were allocated to 4 groups, each consisting of 3 males and 3 females, which received 0.055, 0.165 or 0.495 mg paraquat (PQ)/kg/day sc for 4 w to investigate subacute toxicity. Recovery 4 and 8 w postadministration was studied. In the early stage there was vomiting, decreased activity and undernourishment. Induration and ulcers at the injection sites were seen. The group receiving 0.495 mg PQ/kg had reduced food ingestion and occasional decreases in water consumption until the end of the 4-w injection period. Three animals in the 0.495 mg PQ/kg group were sacrificed in the moribund stage with marked decreases in body weight. Ophthalmologic examination at 4 w of recovery detected hemorrhage around the nasalis vein of the left fundus in 1 animal that received 0.495 mg PQ/kg. No abnormal changes in electrocardiography (ECG) were noted throughout the experimental period. Slightly increased urinary protein, reticulocyte counts, and fibrinogen were observed in a few animals in each group. A few animals that received 0.165 or 0.495 mg PQ/kg had increased phospholipid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine phosphokinase. The lungs of the moribundly sacrificed animals had moderate atelectasis, localized atelectasis, moderate thickening of alveolar wall and pleura, proliferation of fibroblast-like cells, and abundant fibers in interstitium and alveoli. In the liver there was slight hemorrhage along the gallbladder. On electron microscopy of the lung, proliferation of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and type II alveolar cells, and some mast cells were observed in thickened alveolar walls. Abundant collagen fibers, destroyed cell debris and mitotic figures of spindle-shaped fibroblasts were also observed in the dilated interstitium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Subacute toxicity of paraquat in beagle dogs: clinicopathology and pathologic examinations. 162 56

In 25 patients (19 males and 6 females) suffering from chronic arteriopathy of lower extremities at Fontaine stage II, the clinical efficacy of picotamide was investigated in double blind, cross over placebo-controlled study. Patients were assigned randomly to the treatment with placebo or picotamide (900 mg/die) for three months and, after 15 days of wash-out, to the treatment with picotamide or placebo for the same period. Painfree walking distance and ankle/arm systolic pressure ratio improved significantly only during picotamide treatment. Laboratory monitoring revealed a significant decrease in platelet aggregation and an increase of fibrinogen degradation products only during picotamide treatment. Three patients during picotamide treatment referred transient gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea); however in no case the treatment was suspended because of the appearance of these symptoms. These results indicate that picotamide is an effective drug in the management of chronic arteriopathy of lower extremities.
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PMID:[The clinico-instrumental evaluation of the efficacy of picotamide in treating chronic obstructive arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. 188 58

42 dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were randomized for treatment with either PEG-L-asparaginase 10 IU/kg intramuscularly (n = 22) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg intraperitoneally (n = 20). Another 20 dogs were treated with either PEG-L-asparaginase 30 IU/kg (n = 10) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg (n = 10). Each treatment protocol consisted of two asparaginase treatments followed by a 10-week period of induction chemotherapy and then maintenance on asparaginase until progression occurred. No significant differences were found between treatments in the response rates after 2 weeks of asparaginase therapy or in the time to relapse, the time to treatment failure or the remission period. The reaction to asparaginase after the initial 2 weeks was a prognostic factor for the total duration of remission under asparaginase maintenance therapy. No side-effects were noted in the dogs treated with PEG-L-asparaginase, whereas 14 (48%) of the L-asparaginase treated dogs had side-effects related to this drug, including anaphylactic shock (9), anorexia or vomiting (4), hypersensitivity-related oedema (3), seizures (1) and acute pancreatitis (1). No abnormalities in clotting times, fibrinogen levels or antithrombin-III levels were found in any of the 62 dogs. PEG-L-asparaginase has the same anti-tumour activity as native L-asparaginase in dogs with NHL, but lacks side-effects.
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PMID:Polyethylene glycol-L-asparaginase versus native L-asparaginase in canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 214 33

A case of nontraumatic chronic subdural hematoma due to obstruction of dural vessels by tumor cells is presented and 25 reported cases are reviewed. A 39-year-old female was referred for headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness and right homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing. She had undergone mammectomy for medullary nodular carcinoma of the left breast five years before. She had been treated with combined hormonal therapy and chemotherapy for the cancer metastases to the liver in preceeding six months. Hematological examination revealed drug-induced thrombocytopenia, increase of FDP in blood (80 micrograms/ml), but no abnormality of prothrombin time and fibrinogen content. Therefore in the present case there was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after Colman's criteria. However, it was suggested that this case had compensated DIC after Cooper's criteria. CT scan showed a biconvex-shaped low and partially iso-density area over the left fronto-temporal convexity, indicative of chronic subdural hematoma, and no abnormal findings in the occipital area. After removal of the hematoma she became alert without headache and vomiting. However, seven days later she complained of headache and vomiting again. Repeated CT scan showed a larger biconvex-shaped low density area over the left hemisphere extending to the parietal region at that time. Second operation was performed, but she expired four days later. Autopsy showed systemic metastases of the medullary nodular carcinoma in the scalp, temporal muscle and dura as well as lungs, adrenal glands, ovaries and bone marrow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nontraumatic chronic subdural hematoma due to dural metastases of breast cancer. Case report]. 406 18

Clinical investigation was carried out into the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in a series of patients undergoing intraamniotic instillation of dinoprost tromethamine (prostaglandin F2alpha, or PGF2alpha) for 2nd-trimester abortion. 20 healthy women, aged 14-27 years, were studied. The 1st 8 patients received PGF2alpha, 30 mg at hour 0 and 25 mg at hour 6 and again at hour 24 if needed. The last 12 patients received 30 mg at hour 0, and 25 mg at hour 8, 24, and 32 if necessary. The PGF2alpha used did not contain sodium chloride. 18 of the patients aborted in an average of 16 hours and 7 minutes; 2 required additional procedures. Some vomiting and 1 instance of fever but no other significant side effects were noted. Coagulation studies in these patients were normal. The prothrombin time, thrombin time, euglobulin lysis time, and plasminogen levels were normal and unchanged from the control blood value. Plasma fibrinogen concentration increased slightly 6 hours after the initial infusion of PGF2alpha. Red blood cell fragmentation was not observed at any time during labor, delivery, or the postpartum period. The increased white blood count was statistically significant but without clinical significance. Previous studies have shown that use of saline solution to achieve abortion causes alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. This study with PGF2alpha showed no such effects.
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PMID:Abortion and coagulation by prostaglandin. Intra-amniotic dinoprost tromethamine effect on the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. 474 Jun 10

A case of acute intestinal vascular necrosis in a 19-year-old user of oral contraceptives (OCs) is described, and hypotheses explaining the digestive complications of synthetic estrogens are reviewed. The patient had originally presented with a violent gastric pain that subsequently spread to the entire abdomen. An abrupt worsening of her condition involved cardiovascular collapse associated with a peritoneal syndrome, vomiting and dehydration, and hyperleukocytosis. Emergency opening of the peritoneum was followed by evacuation of a large quantity of fetid gas and alimentary debris, and observation of a completely necrosed stomach. A careful lavage of the entire intestinal cavity led to temporary improvement, but it became clear during an attempt at gastrectomy that further treatment would be unavailing and the patient died shortly thereafter. Estrogens were believed to be responsible for the digestive necrosis because it occurred in a young woman who had used an estrogen-rich OC for 3 years and who smoked; a hapatic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. No traces of other risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, neoplasia, or obesity were observed. Recent publications indicate that OCs are responsible for a certain number of digestive problems, which may include acceleration of intestinal transit, severe diarrhea, rectorrhagia, ischemic or ulcerative colitis, intestinal infarct which is usually localized, and hepatocellular problems ranging from moderate hepatic insufficiency to malignant tumor and Budd-Chiari syndrome. OCs do not modify hemodynamic regimes, but they may cause elevation of fibrinogen and thrombin, diminution of antithrombin III acitivty, increased platelet adhesivity, and decreased fibrinolysis leading to hypercoagulability. These modifications in hemostasis occur in all OC users and are not statistically correlated with occurence of thrombotic accidents. OCs are probably responsible for parietal vascular lesions; experimental injection of synthetic estrogens is associated with both arterial and venous lesions. The most characteristic anomaly is at the level of the intima, with proliferation of smooth muscle cells and increased conjunctive tissue fibers associated with proliferation of the media or the endothelium. The absence of lipid deposits, the simultaneous appearance of arterial and venous lesions, and other evidence argues against and atheromatous origin of parietal lesions. A significant correlation has been found between high levels of anti-synthetic ethinyl estradiol antibodies and the presence of vascular lesions. It is hypothesized that these circulating immune complexes penetrate the vascular walls of OC users and produce lesions, which may depend on factors such as smoking.
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PMID:[Digestive complications of oral contraceptives: a case of extensive digestive necrosis in a young woman]. 647 54

Orally administered dipyridamole in combination with naproxen was compared with subcutaneously administered low-dose heparin in prevention of deep venous thrombosis after abdominal hysterectomy. The radioactive fibrinogen test was used to diagnose thrombosis. Only one patient in the total series of 65 developed thrombosis. She belonged to the dipyridamole-naproxen group; the oral intake of the agents was disturbed by postoperative gastrointestinal side-effects. Vomiting and headache were more common in the dipyridamole-naproxen group, but wound complications (haematomas, ruptures and infections) were more common in the low-dose heparin group.
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PMID:Prevention of venous thrombosis by dipyridamole-naproxen and low-dose heparin in patients undergoing hysterectomy. 675 6

The bushmaster (Lachesis muta) of Central and South America, the world's longest pit viper, is capable of injecting a large dose of potent venom when it bites. A 28-year-old man, bitten by a 1.82 m long L. m. muta in Brazil, developed pain and oedema at the bite site, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and sweating. There was peripheral neutrophil leucocytosis and evidence of fibrinogen consumption with secondary activation of the fibrinolytic system. Two hours after the bite, eight ampoules of Instituto Butantan Lachesis antivenom was administered, and haemostasis was normal 24 hr later. A review of reports of 20 cases of bites in humans reliably attributed to this snake in Costa Rica, French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela confirms a syndrome of nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, diarrhoea, sweating, hypotension, bradycardia and shock, possibly autopharmacological or autonomic in origin, not seen in victims of other American crotaline snakes. These, and other symptoms of bushmaster envenoming, are explained by haemorrhagic, coagulant and neurotoxic venom activities. The therapeutic efficacy of non-specific Bothrops/Crotalus polyvalent antivenoms in these cases has been unimpressive. For the treatment of bites by a snake which potentially injects a large dose (> 300 mg dry weight) of venom with a range of life-threatening activities, there is an urgent need to develop more potent specific antivenoms and to treat the dramatic and life-threatening cardiovascular symptoms.
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PMID:Snakebite by the bushmaster (Lachesis muta) in Brazil: case report and review of the literature. 913 9

A 34 year old male bitten by an adult Atheris squamiger snake developed symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea which were followed by drowsiness and impaired breathing. Local hemorrhage, edema and pain at the bite-site occurred, but no systemic bleeding or hemorrhagic diathesis developed. All clinical and laboratory parameters were in the normal range except for afibrinogenemia, thrombocytopenia and slight proteinuria. Replacement therapy (fibrinogen and platelet concentrates) and treatment of shock stabilized the patient within 2d and coagulation returned to normal. Atheris squamiger venom was subjected to biochemical and biological analysis. The LD50 of the venom was 5 mg/kg (mice, s.c.). It produced local hemorrhage corresponding to about 25% of the activity of puff adder venom (Bitis arietans). In vitro the venom had a fibrinogen-converting activity, it did not activate purified prothrombin but very likely contained a F V and Ca2+-dependent prothrombin activator. The venom exhibited strong platelet-aggregating activity, which was not inhibited by protease inhibitors and by EDTA or EGTA. The venom also aggregated acetylsalicylic acid treated platelets indicating, that the arachidonic acid pathway was not essential for activation. Rat serum rapidly inhibited the platelet-aggregating activity of the venom; human serum, however, had only a partial inhibitory effect. Preliminary experiments showed that platelet-aggregating activity may be separated from fibrinogen-converting activity by anion-exchange chromatography.
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PMID:Severe coagulopathy after a bite of a green bush viper (Atheris squamiger): case report and biochemical analysis of the venom. 972 32

A previously healthy 7-year-old white boy presented to St. Louis Children's Hospital with a 1-day history of headache, malaise, temperature of 38.7 degrees C, and a progressively erythematous, tender calf with central dusky purpura. On the morning of admission, his mother noticed a 2-mm crust on the patient's right calf with a 3-cm x 3-cm area of surrounding erythema. No history of recent trauma or bite was obtained. He had suffered two episodes of nonbloody, nonbilious emesis during the last day. In addition, over the previous 12 h, he presented brown urine without dysuria. His mother and brother had suffered from gastroenteritis over the previous week without bloody diarrhea. On initial physical examination, there was a 6-cm x 11-cm macular tender purpuric plaque with a central punctum on the right inner calf, which was warm and tender to the touch, with erythematous streaking towards the popliteal fossa (Fig. 1). The inguinal area was also erythematous with tender lymphadenopathy and induration, but without fluctuance. Laboratory studies included an elevated white blood cell count of 20, 800/microL with 6% bands, 86% segs, and 7% lymphocytes, hemoglobin of 12.5 g/dL, hematocrit of 35.1%, and platelets of 282,000/microL. The prothrombin time/activated partial tissue thromboplastin was 10. 4/28.0 s (normal PT, 9.3-12.3 s; normal PTT, 21.3-33.7 s) and fibrinogen was 558 mg/dL (normal, 192-379 mg/dL). Urinalysis showed 1+ protein, 8-10 white blood cells, too numerous to count red blood cells, and no hemoglobinuria. His electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine were normal. The urine culture was negative. Blood culture after 24 h showed one out of two bottles of coagulase negative Staphylococcus epidermidis. The patient's physical examination was highly suggestive of a brown recluse spider bite with surrounding purpura. Over the next 2 days, the surrounding rim of erythema expanded. The skin within the plaque cleared and peeled at the periphery. The coagulase negative staphylococci in the blood culture were considered to be a contaminant. Cefotaxime and oxacillin were given intravenously. His leg was elevated and cooled with ice packs. The patient's fever resolved within 24 h. The lesion became less erythematous and nontender with decreased warmth and lymphadenopathy. The child was discharged on Duricef for 10 days. Because the patient experienced hematuria rather than hemoglobinuria, nephritis was suggested. In this case, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis was the most likely cause. His anti-streptolysin-O titer was elevated at 400 U (normal, <200 U) and C3 was 21.4 mg/dL (normal, 83-177 mg/dL). His urine lightened to yellow-brown in color. His blood pressure was normal. Renal ultrasound showed severe left hydronephrosis with cortical atrophy, probably secondary to chronic/congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. His right kidney was normal.
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PMID:A child with spider bite and glomerulonephritis: a diagnostic challenge. 1080 79


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