Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five marking/recapture experiments were carried out on Simulium damnosum in the rain-forest of the United Republic of Cameroon, in order to determine the regression in biting density at increasing distances from the marking point. Flies were captured unfed, marked with fluorescent dust, and then released on the bank of a large river. Recaptures were made over the six-seven days after marking, at seven stations situated from 200 m to 79 km along a large river, from the marking site. Marked flies, which showed fluorescent pigment when examined under an ultraviolet lamp, were recovered at all seven sites. The ratios of the number of recaptures per man-hour at each distant site to the recaptures per man-hour at the marking point were calculated to obtain values for the proportional biting density (Z). The value of Z declined in a logarithmic manner with increasing distance from the marking site, such that it fell to 0-1 at distances of 34-1 km on a large river, 5-5 km on a small river, and 1-5 km on a road leading away from a large river. The peak number of flies recaptured at the farthest sites along a large river (56 km and 79 km) occurred one day later than at the station nearest the marking point. The dispersal of marked flies which had fed on volunteers carrying Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae, was studied along a large river. Of three flies recaptured 24 km upstream from the marking point, one contained 10 infective larvae of O. volvulus.
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PMID:Studies on the flight range and dispersal of Simulium damnosum (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the rain-forest of Cameroon. 97 Oct 3

Operations for intestinal ischemia are frequently done by veterinarians. In equine surgery those conditions commonly producing ischemia are intussusception, volvulus, bowel obstructions, and incarcerated hernias. In an attempt to predict intraoperative bowel viability after the restoration of circulation, a variety of adjuvant methods have been investigated. There is little question that of the techniques currently available, sodium fluorescein injected intravenously approaches the ideal in predicting nonviability in humans and in most animal models. Furthermore, it is safe, takes little operating time, is inexpensive, and is ubiquitously available; in addition, the only special equipment needed is a long-wave ultraviolet lamp. Reliance on this method would seldom result in nonviable bowel being left in situ. Furthermore, the use of fluorescein would minimize the unnecessary resection of viable intestine and, thereby, minimize the postoperative nutritional problems that may occur, especially in equines. The report of Sullins et al questions the accuracy of the fluorescein technique in predicting viability and nonviability in horses and also raises the question as to whether the prediction of viability, after the restoration of intestinal blood flow, also predicts normal intestinal function. Further investigations will be needed to confirm or refute these observations.
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PMID:Determination of intestinal viability. 267 Jan 9

In a survey among 477 inhabitants of the Blue Nile Valley of western Ethiopia 182 (38%) were positive by skin snip investigation for microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. Of these only 23% had typical clinical signs and symptoms of onchocerciasis. The highest prevalence rate of microfilariae (84%) was found among Nilotics in the lowlands, where 50% of the children above 10 years, and 90% of adults above 30 years of age, were infected. The mean microfilarial density per skin snip was significantly higher in the high prevalence areas (14) than in the low prevalence areas (3). Positive skin snips from both hip and shoulder were found in 24% of the population, whereas 3% had microfilariae only in the shoulder and 11% only in the hip region. The mean microfilarial density in the hips (16) was double that in the shoulders (8). Ophthalmological evaluation, including slit lamp examination, was possible in 77 of the 182 cases with positive skin snips. Severe eye damage due to onchocerciasis was not observed. However, one 35 year old female had live microfilariae in the anterior chambers of both eyes.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis in the Blue Nile Valley of western Ethiopia. 317 41

Although production of specific Ab is a critical element of host defense, the presence of Ab in tissues leads to formation of immune complexes, which can trigger a type III Arthus reaction. Our studies on a mouse model of river blindness showed that Ab production is essential for recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the cornea and for development of corneal opacification. In the current study, we determined the relative contribution of complement and FcgammaR interactions in triggering immune complex-mediated corneal disease. FcgammaR(-/-) mice, C3(-/-) mice, and immunocompetent control (B6/129Sj) mice were immunized s.c. and injected intrastromally with Onchocerca volvulus Ags. Slit lamp examination showed that control mice, C3(-/-) mice, and control mice injected with cobra venom factor developed pronounced corneal opacification, whereas corneas of FcgammaR(-/-) mice remained completely clear. Furthermore, recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the corneal stroma was significantly impaired in FcgammaR(-/-) mice, but not in C3(-/-) mice or cobra venom factor-treated mice. We therefore conclude that FcgammaR-mediated cell activation, rather than complement activation, is the dominant pathway of immune complex disease in the cornea. These findings demonstrate a novel role for FcgammaR interactions in mediating ocular inflammation.
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PMID:A dominant role for Fc gamma receptors in antibody-dependent corneal inflammation. 1144 Oct 99

Onchocerciasis is an infestation caused by the nematode, Onchocerca volvulus, and characterized by eye manifestations, skin lesions and troublesome itching. Although partially controlled by international mass treatment programs, onchocerciasis remains a major health hazard in endemic areas in Africa, Arabia, and the Americas. Onchocerciasis is spread by bites from infested blackflies which transmit larvae that subsequently develop into adult filariae. Skin findings are commonly non-specific, and include severe pruritus, acute and chronic dermatitis, vitiligo-like hypopigmentation and atrophy. Onchocercal ocular disease has a large spectrum of manifestations and may even lead to blindness. Diagnosis is usually made by direct visualization of the larvae emerging from superficial skin biopsies, "skin snips". In some cases, the microfilariae can also be directly observed with a slit lamp when they migrate into the anterior chamber of the eye. Ivermectin is highly microfilaricidal, and is the current drug of choice for both skin and ocular manifestations.
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PMID:[Onchocerciasis]. 1275 35

Onchocerciasis results from infestation by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus and is characterized by troublesome itching, skin lesions, and eye manifestations. Although partially controlled by international mass prevention programs, onchocerciasis remains a major health hazard and is endemic in Africa, Arabia, and the Americas. Onchocerciasis is spread by bites from infested black flies, which transmit larvae that subsequently develop into adult filariae. Skin symptoms are commonly nonspecific and include severe pruritus, acute and chronic dermatitis, vitiligo-like hypopigmentation, and atrophy. Onchocercal ocular disease covers a large spectrum of manifestations, which in severe cases, may lead to blindness. Diagnosis is usually made by direct visualization of the larvae emerging from superficial skin biopsies, "skin snips." In some cases, the microfilariae can also be directly observed at the slit lamp when migrating into the anterior chamber of the eye. Ivermectin is, at present, the drug of choice for skin and ocular manifestations. Recent research using a chemotherapeutic approach that targets filarial Wolbachia symbionts in the treatment and control of onchocerciasis, however, suggests that 100 mg/d of doxycycline for 6 weeks might be effective in reducing the filarial load and preventing ocular symptoms.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis--river blindness. 1671 98