Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For the good risk patient, nearly all surgeons recommend an abdominal approach as the surest method of eliminating a complete rectal prolapse. The most commonly performed abdominal procedures are rectal suspension-fixation operations utilizing slings of synthetic material or suture without foreign material. Occasionally both of these procedures are combined with a segmental colorectal resection. Rectal mobilization with fixation of the rectum to the sacrum alone, by whatever means, has a high rate of success with a low mortality and morbidity. The wisdom of adding colorectal resection to rectopexy in the treatment of complete rectal prolapse remains controversial. The authors favor abdominal rectopexy with sigmoid resection because it avoids foreign material, eliminates the risk of volvulus, improves bowel management problems, and has low morbidity with a low recurrence rate. In our series of 102 patients treated by rectopexy and sigmoid resection, there were no deaths and only 4 per cent morbidity related to the anastomosis. After a mean follow-up period of four years, the recurrence rate was 1.9 per cent.
Neth J Surg 1989 Dec
PMID:Colonic resection in the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. 269 19

Specific diagnosis of antibodies to Onchocerca was achieved through (1) the construction of direct and indirect ELISA systems, and (2) restricting ELISA assays to the IgG4 class. The direct ELISA was based on the isolation of a surface derived, low molecular weight surface antigen preparation containing two main antigens (M. wt. 16.2 and 12.8 kDA) as defined by Western blot analysis. The direct ELISA system detected antibodies in children of six years old, and may therefore be applicable to detecting reinvasion in OCP areas of Onchocerca volvulus control. The indirect ELISA system was a competitive binding ELISA-based assay using a monoclonal antibody recognising two Onchocerca components (M. wts. 15.6 and 25.9) on a Western blot. The direct and indirect ELISA systems were similarly specific and sensitive when evaluated in a preliminary survey. The direct ELISA system yielded a specificity and sensitivity of: 100% and 100% respectively, using Mexican endemic and Mexican intestinal nematode infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively: 91% and 96% respectively, using Venezuelan endemic and Venezuelan Mansonella ozzardi infection sera as positive and negative controls, respectively: 87% and 93% respectively, using African endemic and Papuan (New Guinea) Wuchereria bancrofti infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively: 93% and 93% respectively, using African endemic and Indian W. bancrofti infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively. Similar specificity and sensitivity levels were obtained when the same comparisons were made using the indirect (inhibition) ELISA assay. These values may be contrasted with the currently used PBS extract of O. volvulus which yielded specificities of less than 10% in all the above comparisons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trop Med Parasitol 1989 Dec
PMID:Specific detection of human antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus. 269 81

A Brugia malayi genomic DNA expression library was screened with rabbit antiserum generated against live infective larvae and 33 clones were identified. Five randomly selected clones were characterized in detail by Western blot, DNA and RNA analyses. The fusion proteins produced by each of these recombinant DNA clones are expressed by different genomic sequences. A profile of antigenic cross-reactivities of all 33 recombinant clones was compiled using a battery of antisera, including sera from humans infected with B. malayi. A high percentage of clones were cross-reactive with antisera against the filarial parasites B. pahangi, Dirofilaria immitis, and Onchocerca volvulus. We have made a preliminary identification of three categories of recombinant clones encoding (1) antigens that were cross-reactive with some or all antisera tested, (2) antigens that were specific to the Brugia genus, and (3) antigens that appeared to be specific to B. malayi. These recombinant antigens are candidates for further studies in filarial immunoprophylaxis and diagnosis.
Exp Parasitol 1987 Dec
PMID:Brugia malayi: recombinant antigens expressed by genomic DNA clones. 282 31

High uptake of Technetium-99m Pertechnetate (99mTcO4) in situations unrelated to the presence of acid-secreting gastric cells has attracted recent attention. A 10 year old white girl, investigated for the possible presence of a Meckel's diverticulum, was found to have a partial volvulus of the proximal jejunal loop that exhibited intense localization of Technetium-99m Pertechnetate.
Aust Paediatr J 1987 Dec
PMID:Uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate in a partial volvulus of the proximal jejunal loop. 282 9

The methods used for the assessment of adult Onchocerca volvulus by histology are described. Based on the results of several studies, mainly in Liberia and Burkina Faso, the morphology of the adult filariae in histological sections is represented as far as it is relevant for the evaluation. Especially are described the morphological alterations due to old age of the worms, to chronic hyperreactivity of the human host (sowda) and effects of the macrofilaricidal suramin and of microfilaricidal drugs. Quantitative results are reported on untreated adult O. volvulus from various countries, the changes of the worm population during 12 years of vector control in Burkina Faso and the effects of suramin, diethylcarbamazine, metrifonate, and ivermectin. The data from the histological examinations are compared with those gained from the examination of worms isolated by the collagenase technique in the same studies.
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Dec
PMID:Histological examination of adult Onchocerca volvulus and comparison with the collagenase technique. 285 93

The collagenase technique developed more than twelve years ago has successfully been applied to isolate living and intact O. volvulus from excised onchocercomata for various biological, morphological, biochemical, immunological and in vitro studies. The experience gained with this technique and its modifications is critically reviewed giving practical advice for the selection, preservation and treatment of nodules for different purposes, especially for the evaluation of antifilarial drug effects. The composition of the worm load, the morphology of adult worms found in untreated patients, signs of degeneration and ageing of worms are described to show the broad morphological spectrum of the worm population in endemic areas to avoid false conclusions in drug trials. When these parameters are carefully considered, the collagenase technique provides a reliable method for examination of onchocercomata. An immediate answer can be obtained concerning the viability of the parasite. The qualitative and quantitative assessment of reproduction (embryogram) can give further valuable information on any changes in the reproductive dynamics and provide a sensitive indicator of any disturbances in the adult worms which may explain the early or late reinvasion of microfilariae into the skin after treatment with microfilaricidal drugs.
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Dec
PMID:The collagenase technique: how to isolate and examine adult Onchocerca volvulus for the evaluation of drug effects. 285 94

Instructions are provided for selection of nodules, isolation of female Onchocerca volvulus and shipping to obtain suitable, intact and live worms for drug-screening and metabolic studies in vitro as well as material for isolation of enzymes, receptors, antigens etc.
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Dec
PMID:Preparation and shipping of Onchocerca volvulus material. 285 95

Observations were made on the spontaneous motility in vitro of entire adult worms and segments of Onchocerca volvulus, Brugia pahangi and Acanthocheilonema viteae. Segment motility was recorded in a mechano-transducer apparatus and responses of worm tissues to anthelmintics and other pharmacological agents were compared. Entire adult female O. volvulus showed varied patterns of motor activity, ranging from continuous low level whole body motion to periodic spasmodic contractions interspersed between intervals of quiescence lasting from a few to 30 seconds. The same range characterized movements of 1.5-4 cm segments cut from worms liberated from collagenase digested nodules. However, fresh segments dissected directly from surgical specimens were completely inactive due to the paralyzing effect of xylocaine, used as local anesthetic. This effect wore off in 2-5 hours in vitro, and recovered segments behaved in the same way as those from enzymatically liberated worms. Segments of B. pahangi and A. viteae also showed motor activity patterns which reflected those of whole adults. Segments of O. volvulus behaved reproducibly, whether examined in the field in endemic areas, or after transport of nodules or freed worms to Michigan from Guatemala or Sudan. Segments of all worms were unresponsive to most anthelmintics, but O. volvulus was susceptible to paralysis by CGP 6140, levamisole, pyrantel and carbachol at concentrations of ten to a thousand times lower than those required to produce any influence on B. pahangi. Segments of A. viteae more closely resembled O. volvulus in their dose responses to these drugs, although CGP 6140 was without effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Dec
PMID:In vitro motility of isolated adults and segments of Onchocerca volvulus, Brugia pahangi and Acanthocheilonema viteae. 285 96

Adult Onchocerca volvulus recovered for excised nodules by dissection or treatment with collagenase have been used as a source of RNA for in vitro translation experiments. RNA was purified using either the hot phenol/SDS procedure or the guanidine isothiocyanate protocol. Immunoprecipitation experiments performed on in vitro products demonstrate a marked heterogeneity in responses by individed human infection sera. Further immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate cross reactivity between O. volvulus and other filarial nematodes.
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Dec
PMID:Isolation and in vitro translation of Onchocerca volvulus mRNA. 285 97

A range of culture conditions were examined to optimize parasite maintenance. Using male worms in a cell-free system, good results were obtained with medium NCTC 135 + 10% inactivated calf serum (IFCS) in an atmosphere of 95% N2/5% CO2 (median survival time 45 days). Survival was increased to 6-7 months using medium MEM + 10% IFCS + LLCMK2 (monkey kidney) feeder cells in a gas phase of 5% CO2 in air. Worms exposed to collagenase solution (5 mg/ml) were subsequently less motile and survived shorter periods compared to unexposed controls. The drug responses of worms (in vitro) were examined using 13 antiparasitic compounds. Ivermectin and CGP 6140 were among the most active, with the majority of drugs significantly affecting motility levels at a concentration of 5 x 10(-5) M or less. This system may provide useful information on the intrinsic activity of new compounds. A technique was developed for the successful cryopreservation of males in liquid nitrogen using ethanediol as a cryoprotectant in a 2-step incubation procedure, thereby enabling the long-term storage and transportation of worms. In conclusion, the common bovine parasite O. gutturosa provides a practical alternative for research in the absence of O. volvulus.
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Dec
PMID:The development of a laboratory model for onchocerciasis using Onchocerca gutturosa: in vitro culture, collagenase effects, drug studies and cryopreservation. 285 98


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