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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High mortality rates associated with mesenteric ischaemia are a tremendous challenge. We reviewed 43 patients admitted to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 1981 and 1988. A total of 24 patients (55.8%) had thrombosis or embolus of the superior mesenteric artery, five patients (11.6%) had superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, and 14 patients (32.6%) had non-occlusive infarction. Patients with mechanical obstructions (volvulus, intussusception, tumour compression, aortic dissection) causing mesenteric ischaemia were excluded. The initial symptoms were not specific before signs of peritonitis presented. The tetrad of leucocytosis (88.4%), metabolic acidosis (88.6%), hyperamylasaemia (46.9%) and elevated phosphate (33.3%) was noted to be significant. There was a high association with previous cardiovascular diseases (78.2%). The plain abdominal X-ray, which was the most frequently used investigative tool, showed suggestive but non-specific findings. A total of 38 patients (88.4%) were operated upon. In six patients (14%) the exploratory laparotomy was open and closed because the bowel gangrene was too extensive. The total mortality rate was 55.8%. To improve prognosis, clinical awareness of the problem should be raised and the use of mesenteric angiography should be encouraged in an attempt to obtain an early diagnosis.
Br J Clin Pract 1990 Dec
PMID:The spectrum of acute intestinal vascular failure: a collective review of 43 cases in Taiwan. 210 56

Small intestinal diverticulosis is a rare cause of abdominal pain. We report the case of a patient whose chronic intermittent abdominal pain was due to recurrent spontaneous perforation of jejunal diverticula, and who ultimately developed an acute volvulus of the small bowel, a very rarely reported association of the disorder.
Br J Clin Pract 1990 Dec
PMID:Jejunal diverticulosis complicated by volvulus and recurrent spontaneous diverticular perforation. 212 24

The Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) technique were used to test human sera with Dracunculus medinensis adult worm antigen in order to assess their potential value in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis. The human sera used were from patients with prepatent and patent D. medinensis infections or from patients infected with other nematodes (Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa) or trematodes (Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium), as well as uninfected Nigerian and Puerto Rican normal controls. In the FAST-ELISA, the sera from prepatent and patent dracunculiasis patients gave the highest absorbance values relative to normal human sera. The highest cross-reactivity was observed with onchocerciasis sera; no cross-reactivity was seen with sera from individuals with loiasis or schistosomiasis mansoni or haematobia. By the EITB, sera from dracunculiasis patients specifically recognized a 16 kDa protein (Dm 16) and antibodies to Dm 16 disappeared 2 months after worm extraction. Recognition of Dm 16 occurred from the late prepatent stage. A 17 kDa protein (Dm 17) was also recognized by dracunculiasis sera, but antibodies to Dm 17 disappeared more slowly and were present 1 year after recovery. The 16 kDa and 17 kDa antigens of D. medinensis may be useful in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1990 Dec
PMID:Immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis by Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) technique. 214 63

We have reported a case of small-bowel volvulus in which complete jejunoileal necrosis resulted from torsion of the superior mesenteric artery. This case was unusual not only because of the extent of necrosis but also because primary small-bowel volvulus is rare in adults. Despite nearly total small-bowel resection, the patient continues to do well 6 months postoperatively.
South Med J 1990 Dec
PMID:Complete jejunoileal necrosis due to torsion of the superior mesenteric artery. 225 40

Colonic volvulus has been a rarely reported complication of celiac sprue. We describe two patients with long-standing celiac sprue, one in whom a recurrent sigmoid volvulus developed, and in the other, a cecal volvulus. Following surgery, both are now asymptomatic on a gluten-free diet. The association between celiac sprue and colonic volvulus was first reported in 1953. There have been only a few isolated cases documented, surprisingly so because the two major predisposing conditions for colonic volvulus are often seen in patients with celiac sprue. Colonic bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrate (in celiac sprue) leads to excess gas production. Flaccid bowel loops with sigmoid redundancy, a long mesentery, or cecal hypermobility are not uncommon. A motility disorder in celiac sprue has also been proposed. Thus these factors together would suggest that the likelihood of development of colonic volvulus in celiac sprue would be relatively great. The possibility of underlying celiac sprue should be considered in patients with colonic volvulus who have a background history of recurrent abdominal distention or malabsorptive symptoms.
J Clin Gastroenterol 1990 Dec
PMID:Colonic volvulus as a complication of celiac sprue. 226 38

This paper assesses the effects on adult Onchocerca volvulus of monthly doses of ivermectin (150 micrograms/kg) given over 4, 8, and 12 months to patients in Guatemala. Nodules were removed 4 months after the last dose; the adult O. volvulus were extracted by collagenase digestion, studied by histological techniques, and compared with worms from untreated patients. Twelve monthly doses killed a proportion of the adult worms (12% of males and 22% of females), leaving the remainder relatively unaffected and the females slowly resuming embryogenesis. After 8 and 12 doses, a number of female worms had resumed embryogenesis in 1 genital tract only, and in 1 female a total degeneration of 1 ovary was seen. Ivermectin also led to a marked drop in the number of male worms in nodules. No serious adverse reactions occurred and the treatment was well accepted.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1990 Dec
PMID:Effects of multiple monthly doses of ivermectin on adult Onchocerca volvulus. 226 70

From 1981 to 1988, 138 patients with hiatal hernia were treated surgically at our centre. Twenty-one (mean age 76.6 years, 17 women, four men) had an associated intrathoracic gastric volvulus. Eleven patients (mean age 73.2 years), of whom eight were asymptomatic, had an elective procedure. Ten patients (mean age 80.3 years) had emergency surgery, six for acute complications of the volvulus (five cases of strangulation and one of perforated ulcer) and four because of other, unrelated causes of acute abdomen. There were four deaths after operation, all in the emergency surgery group. Four other patients had significant morbidity, all in the emergency group. In the elective cases, all hernias were easily reduced. In one emergency case a gastrotomy was necessary for decompression, and in another gastrectomy was necessary because of gastric gangrene. Our results indicate the need for elective intervention when intrathoracic gastric volvulus is first diagnosed.
Br J Surg 1990 Dec
PMID:Surgical results of intrathoracic gastric volvulus complicating hiatal hernia. 227 24

We report 30 patients who underwent operation for sigmoid volvulus during a two year period at the St. Francis Hospital, Tanzania. Five patients were managed initially by non-operative reduction. They all underwent elective resection of the sigmoid during the same hospitalisation with one operative death. Twenty-five patients underwent emergency laparotomy, 12 of them having gangrenous bowel. Resection was carried out in 21 patients, 18 of whom had a primary anastomosis without protective colostomy. In spite of the high incidence of gangrenous bowel (57%), there was only one operative death (5%) in the 18 patients. Initial management of sigmoid volvulus should consist of non-operative attempts at reduction provided that the bowel is viable. Elective resection should be performed during the same hospitalisation. Where non-operative therapy fails or bowel gangrene is present, emergency laparotomy has to be carried out. In the authors' experience resection of the sigmoid and primary anastomosis can be performed safely in this situation.
Int J Colorectal Dis 1990 Dec
PMID:Emergency resection and primary anastomosis for sigmoid volvulus in an African population. 228 4

Two cases of gastric volvulus in children are reported, one complete and one partial. Both occurred subsequent to Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux. The symptoms at presentation, and the factors predisposing to volvulus postfundoplication are discussed.
J Pediatr Surg 1990 Dec
PMID:Gastric volvulus complicating Nissen fundoplication. 228 93

Adult Onchocerca volvulus were isolated from nodules removed from onchocerciasis patients at four locations--two in the West African Sudan-savanna region (near Bamako, Mali, and Touboro, Cameroon), one in a West African forest region (Kumba, Cameroon) and one near Guatemala City, Guatemala. Four different cDNA expression libraries were constructed in bacteriophage lambda gt11 using poly(A)+ RNA from the adult female worms. Individual cDNA clones of single copy genes were used to compare the genomes of parasites from the different locales and to show that the haploid genome of O. volvulus is 1.5 x 10(8) base pairs. About 1 in 700 recombinant clones in each of the four amplified cDNA libraries produces a fusion protein recognized by pooled human anti-O. volvulus antisera. Partial sequence determination of a 2.0 kb cDNA clone for an O. volvulus protein that induces an immunodominant response in rabbits revealed that this antigen has sequence similarities with Caenorhabditis elegans myosin and with schistosome paramyosin (which confers partial protection against schistosome infection). The four cDNA libraries have been deposited with American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, U.S.A., for general distribution under ATCC Number 37509.
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1988 Dec
PMID:Construction of Onchocerca volvulus cDNA libraries and partial characterization of the cDNA for a major antigen. 246 64


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