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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes two cases of intrauterine volvulus without associated intestinal malrotation. Polyhydramnios was present in one neonate; the presentation was very sudden and catastrophic in the other. Neither plain films nor contrast enema indicated the correct preoperative diagnosis in these infants. A "normal" plain film or enema in a suspected case of volvulus may lead to a delay in surgical management resulting in extensive ischemic necrosis of the bowel, often with extremely high mortality. Bile emesis or aspirate in neonates demands a high index of suspicion of intestinal obstruction. Shock, bloody diarrhea, and tense and distended abdomen are ominous, indicating volvulus often with gangrene.
J Pediatr Surg 1991 Dec
PMID:Intrauterine volvulus without malrotation. 176 23

We report here the development of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry protocols which permit the histological identification of gene expression of a cloned antigen of Onchocerca volvulus, OI5, in the parasite. Skin nodules containing female adult worms were fixed in a modified Carnoy's fixative and embedded in paraffin. Histological staining of tissue sections revealed uniformly excellent morphology and RNA preservation. To localize mRNA by in situ hybridization, tissue sections were incubated with biotin-labeled pOI5, the plasmid containing the genomic sequence of the antigen, and hybridization signals were histochemically visualized using a streptavidin-enzyme conjugate and chromogenic substrates. The protein antigen was localized immunohistochemically by incubating the sections with specific antibodies prepared against a recombinant fusion protein containing the OI5 sequence (OI3), and visualized via a secondary antibody-biotin-enzyme conjugate procedure. The results reported here showed distinct localization of the OI5 mRNA and OI3 antigen in specific cellular and tissue regions of the adult parasite, and in microfilariae located within the uteri and in the surrounding host tissue. The specificity and high sensitivity of these histological detection methods should be generally applicable for the characterization of gene expression in the filarial parasite, particularly the insect-borne, infective filarial larvae, which are severely limited in quantity.
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991 Dec
PMID:Histochemical localization of gene expression in Onchocerca volvulus: in situ DNA histohybridization and immunocytochemistry. 177 63

We have previously shown that an Onchocerca volvulus cDNA clone in lambda gt-11 designated OvG15, potentially encoding a peptide homologous to the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), was recognized by sera of many individuals living in a zone endemic for lymphatic filariasis and most strikingly by sera from amicrofilaremic individuals including endemic normals, those with chronic symptoms and TPE patients. Few asymptomatic microfilaremics recognized the Hsp70. We have now used the insert from the OvG15 clone to isolate the homologous gene from Brugia malayi and analyze its primary structure and expression. The data presented in this communication describe a heat-inducible member of the hsp70 gene family of B. malayi which demonstrates intriguing features of tissue specific basal level expression, developmental regulation and heat inducibility.
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991 Dec
PMID:Characterization of an hsp70 gene from the human filarial parasite, Brugia malayi (Nematoda). 177 66

A review was performed of the 37 cases of malrotation of the intestine which occurred in previously healthy children during a 12-year period. There were 33 patients (89%) younger than eight weeks of age, with 17 patients (46%) aged less than one week. Symptoms included bilious vomiting in 36 patients (97%) and constipation in 33 patients (89%). On initial examination, 35 patients (95%) appeared to be well (including 23/25 patients [92%] with volvulus of the midgut), and 28 patients (76%) exhibited no abnormal physical findings on abdominal examination (including 15/25 patients [60%] with volvulus of the midgut). In all, 25 cases (68%) of malrotation were accompanied by volvulus of the midgut; in 21 of these cases, torsion of the bowel was greater than or equal to 360 degrees. There were four patients (11%) with gangrenous bowel requiring surgical resection. The mortality rate associated with this disorder was 5%; both patients who died were neonates with volvulus who presented in shock and had extensively gangrenous bowel. Malrotation of the intestine usually presents in the young infant, is almost always associated with bilious vomiting, and is commonly accompanied by few if any abnormal physical findings suggestive of a serious underlying intraabdominal disease process. An emergent radiographic contrast study of the upper gastrointestinal tract should be performed to delineate the anatomy of the proximal bowel in all young infants with bilious vomiting.
Pediatr Emerg Care 1991 Dec
PMID:The clinical features of children with malrotation of the intestine. 178 23

The paper records the numbers of 1-2 mm shotty papules developing in the author's skin after 2-day courses of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) repeated every 16 days before, during and after a 7.1 G suramin course for cutaneous onchocerciasis. Assuming, from biopsy evidence, that each papule represented a dead Onchocerca volvulus microfilaria (mf), the number of mfs reaching the skin every 16 days did not begin to fall until 96 days after the first full dose of suramin; and only reached zero by day 224. The histopathology of nodules excised from Cameroonian patients before, and at intervals of 56-335 days after, the start of a 7.1 G suramin course, revealed changes in the worms that correlated over time with the disappearance of mfs from the skin. Suramin sterilized and killed the male worms between days 77 and 105 and, in the females, it adversely affected the staining and subsequent development of small morulae from about day 56. It was estimated that new embryogenesis ceased about 56-77 days after the first full dose; development of the last viable embryos to mfs was complete by about 136 days; and the last mfs, perhaps having reduced vitality, emerged from the females by 160 days and reached the skin within 16-32 days.
Trop Med Parasitol 1991 Dec
PMID:Suramin and the time it takes to kill Onchocerca volvulus. 179 31

Peripheral blood leukocytes from chimpanzees experimentally infected with third stage larvae, or with nodular microfilaria (mf) of Onchocerca volvulus, were evaluated for their ability to kill nodular mf in vitro. Inoculation of chimpanzees with third stage larvae, and prospective follow up, permitted each animal to be classified as patent, infected but not patent, or post-patent. Neither lymphocytes nor monocytes significantly adhered to, immobilized, or killed mf. However, neutrophils or eosinophils killed mf effectively in the presence of immune serum. Neutrophil and eosinophil enriched cell preparations from control animals were able to kill mf with serum from infected animals, but to a significantly lesser degree than when both cells and serum were taken from infected animals. Chimpanzees inoculated with mf showed a progressive increase in cellular killing of mf after a second inoculation which surpassed that seen with animals inoculated with third stage larvae. Antibody-mediated killing of mf by neutrophils and eosinophils may be important in the termination of patency in this infection.
Trop Med Parasitol 1991 Dec
PMID:Onchocerca volvulus: in vitro killing of microfilaria by neutrophils and eosinophils from experimentally infected chimpanzees. 179 32

Ninety-two males, infected with Onchocerca volvulus, from an area of on-going transmission in the forest zone of southern Ghana were treated with albendazole. 31 patients received 800 mg daily x 3, 31 received 1200 mg daily x 3 and 30 others received 800 mg daily x 7. Albendazole was given as a single daily dose with a fatty breakfast. Detailed systemic, ocular and laboratory examinations were performed pretreatment and at intervals over one year. Nodules were extirpated on days 30 and 60 and examined by histopathology. All the dose regimes were well tolerated but were neither microfilaricidal nor macrofilaricidal. The main effect was embryotoxicity affecting all intra-uterine stages. The most encouraging results were obtained in the 800 mg daily x 3 group in which a prolonged suppression of skin microfilarial counts occurred. Controlled studies in combination with ivermectin are recommended to determine whether an additive effect of the two drugs would result in permanent sterilisation of the adult worms.
Trop Med Parasitol 1991 Dec
PMID:The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis. XV. Studies with albendazole. 179 33

Microfilariae were studied in skin and lymph node biopsies from Liberian patients with generalised onchocerciasis 12-78 hours after administration of a single dose of 150 micrograms/kg body weight using histology, transmission electron microscopy and immunocytological staining with antibodies against an immunodominant antigen of Onchocerca volvulus. Most microfilariae in the skin appeared morphologically intact and beginning signs of degeneration were seen only on the ultrastructural level. The densities of microfilariae in the lymph nodes were about thousandfold higher in ivermectin treated patients. More than 90% of the microfilariae in the lymph nodes showed distinct signs of degeneration. Early changes were seen in the muscle cells. The disintegrating microfilariae in the lymph nodes were always encircled by eosinophils or macrophages or both cells. Immunohistological staining with antifilarial antibodies increased the detection of small and disintegrating pieces of microfilariae considerably.
Trop Med Parasitol 1991 Dec
PMID:Immunohistological and electron microscopic studies of microfilariae in skin and lymph nodes from onchocerciasis patients after ivermectin treatment. 179 34

A woman patient of 25 years of age was admitted with a tumour in the right meogastrium that was painful on pressure, the clinical pattern being that of an acute abdomen. At exploratory laparotomy we were surprised to find haemorrhagic infarction of a second spleen by volvulus of the vascular peduncle. Preoperative imaging had not yielded any pointer despite documentation of multiple positional anomalies of visceral organs, since the polysplenic status was exceptionally located at the right side. If abdominal findings on the right side cannot be interpreted quite clearly, differential diagnosis should always consider the possibility of unusual embryonal lateral positioning of organs.
Ultraschall Med 1991 Dec
PMID:[Acute abdomen in hemorrhage into a twisted pedicled ectopic second spleen in the right mesogastrum]. 179 91

The intestinal post-operative bridle represents the third most important etiology of obstructions at the clinic of the University Hospital of Dakar, behind hernia strangulations and the volvulus of the digestive tube. Between 1970 and 1989, a retrospective study has led to a sample of 79 patients with post-operative bridle obstructions. The group was made of 47 women and 32 men between 17 and 84 years of age. Stomach ache was by far the most common functional symptomatology, followed by the stoppage of the transit and vomiting. In most cases palpation revealed the presence of tympanism. For almost all the patients, the abdomen without preparation revealed either a hydroaeric level or a diffuse grey area. The initial intervention concerned mainly gynecological affections or pathologies of appendicular type. The resection of the bridles was carried out in most cases. There were 10 deaths. The intestinal obstructions by post-operative bridles continue to be a surgical emergency still characterized by a high mortality rate. The late consultation of the patients, often received when presenting considerable visceral deficiency, is one of the main causes of the high rate of fatalities.
J Chir (Paris) 1991 Dec
PMID:[Intestinal obstruction caused by postoperative adhesion. 79 cases]. 180 62


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