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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The causes, pathology, and clinical features of thrombosis within the portal venous system are discussed. When thrombosis starts in the periphery of the mesentery the extent of infarction in the bowel may be limited and treatment by resection of the thrombosed mesentery and adjacent gut may be successful. When the thrombosis is proximal thrombectomy is essential. A case is described in which proximal mesenteric venous thrombosis occurred in assoication with volvulus of a common embryonic midgut mesentery. Laparotomy was performed and a thrombus 25 cm long extending into the portal vein successfully removed by catheter thrombectomy.
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PMID:Portal phlebothrombosis: the role of thrombectomy. 66 38

The results of surgical treatment of 106 patients with sigmoid colon volvulus against the background of megacolon are set forth. The total lethality constituted 19%. The resection of the sigmoid colon was carried out upon 62 patients: one-step operation was performed upon 45 patients (of them 11 died--24.4%), 17 patients underwent the obstructive resection, of them 4 patients died (23.5%). In case of sigmoid colon gangrene lethality, following one-step resection of the sigmoid colon, constituted 26.5%, with the viable gut lethality was 18%. The detorsion of the sigmoid colon was carried out upon 44 cases of mesosigmoidopexy; the lethality was 11.4%.
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PMID:[Radical surgical treatment of sigmoid volvulus]. 67 83

High intakes of microfilariae of a Guatemalan strain of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium metallicum proved lethal to a considerable proportion of the flies within 24 hours of taking an infecting blood-meal. The gross histopathological changes resulting from infection were compared in groups of moribund and of apparently healthy flies during this period. The marked morbidity of the flies could be related to certain events occurring in the alimentary tract and haemocoele of the fly soon after ingestion of the parasitized blood. The rapid death of the flies may be ascribed to one or more of the following reasons: (i) reverse migration of numerous microfilariae from the expanded- to the tubular-part of the mid-gut, where they cause serious injury and disintegration of the gut epithelium; (ii) abrasive damage to the stomach epithelial cells by the invading microfilariae with occasional release of the gut contents into the haemocoele; (iii) interruption of the formation of the peritrophic membrane, particularly at its anterior and posterior ends, with subsequent failure of the flies to digest the blood in the stomach; (iv) passage of large amounts of parasitized blood from the stomach backwards into the hind-gut, leading to its mechanical obstruction and (v) invasion and injury of various organs of the fly, among them the ventral nerve-cord, brain, optic nerve, eye, halteres, fat-body and flight musculature by excessive numbers of microfilariae.
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PMID:Lethal damage to Simulium metallicum following high intakes of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in Guatemala. 86 Mar 23

During the 3 years 1972-74, 17 infants were treated for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the Neonatal Unit at University College Hospital. The incidence of the illness was 0.2% of live births in the hospital and 2.7% of those referred from elsewhere. The mean birthweight of the affected infants was 1832 g (range 878-3850 g) and mean gestational age 33 weeks (range 28-40 weeks). The illness was diagnosed at a mean age of 16 days (range 3-33 days). 14 infants (82%) survived. One infant developed NEC because of a volvulus, and another because of an apparently abnormal arterial supply to a segment of bowel. Each of the remaining 15 infants was matched with 3 control infants in order to see whether any factors predisposing to the development of NEC could be identified. Birth asphysia, the use of umbilical catheters, the length of time that these catheters were in place, and complications of catheterization were all significantly more frequent in the infants who developed NEC than in the controls. These findings support the view that hypoxia and ischaemia of the gut wall are important in the pathogenesis of NEC.
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PMID:Necrotizing enterocolitis. Controlled study of 3 years' experience in a neonatal intensive care unit. 93 23

A technique of mesocoloplasty for the prevention of recurrence of sigmoid volvulus is described. The manoeuvre is simple, and does not open the gut. It can be performed confidently by junior doctors undergoing surgical training and appears to be an eminently safe technique as a routine procedure in any emergency service.
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PMID:Mesocoloplasty for sigmoid volvulus: a preliminary report. 100 46

Between 1966 und 1975 42 children and 46 adults were operated on Meckel's diverticulum. The diverticulum is explained as one of the possible disturbances during regression of ductus omphaloentericus. The appendicitis-like symptomatology correlates to the involvement of gastric and colonic mucosa as well as heterotopic exo- and endocrine tissue of the pancreas in the wall of the diverticulum. In 34% complications were due to inflammation, perforation, bleeding, intussusception, volvulus, gut-strangulation with ileus, ulcer, neoplasia or lesion by foreign bodies. 4 out of 88 patients died. Preoperative diagnostic fails in 75%, therefore in every case the distal gut should be inspected and every diverticulum should be resected.
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PMID:[Clinical importance of Meckel's diverticulum]. 108 17

The migration and fate of microfilariae of a Guatemalan strain of Onchocerca volvulus in Simulium ochraceum and S. metallicum was studied. The anatomical distribution of microfilariae at various times after ingestion was recorded from a study of histological sections of the flies. S. ochraceum showed higher microfilarial intakes than S. metallicum which is probably attributed to an inherent difference in their ability to ingest. The migration of microfilariae out of the mid-gut took place essentially through the expanded part (the stomach). Despite the high microfilarial intakes by S. ochraceum, only a few microfilariae were able to migrate successfully into the thorax (2.6%) whereas in S. metallicum showing a low microfilarial intake, a higher rate of migration was noted (74.5%). The main bulk of microfilariae ingested by S. ochraceum died and disintegrated in the stomach. This was due to the presence of a well-developed cibarial armature in the buccopharyngeal apparatus of S. ochraceum in contrast to S. metallicum where such an armature is lacking. Microfilariae were severely damaged by the cibarial teeth while en route to the stomach. They rapidly underwent profound changes in morphology and staining properties and were often surrounded by clusters of the phagocytic leucocytes in the blood mass. In some flies, microfilariae, apparently damaged, were still entangled in the cibarial teeth 5 minutes to 3 hours after taking a blood-meal.
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PMID:The fate and migration of microfilariae of a Guatemalan strain of Onchocerca volvulus in Simulium ochraceum and S. metallicum, and the role of the buccopharyngeal armature in the destruction of microfilariae. 116 32

A 10-year-old girl presented with colicky abdominal pain and a vague left sided mass on physical examination. Plain radiographs of the abdomen were unremarkable but ultrasound examination demonstrated a large right sided unilocular cystic abdominal mass. Computed tomographic features were diagnostic of volvulus of the proximal small bowel with associated mesenteric cyst. Surgery confirmed CT findings and no mid gut malrotation was noted at operation.
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PMID:Case report: volvulus of a mesenteric cyst--an unusual complication diagnosed by CT. 139 31

In children with symptoms secondary to malrotation of the intestine, a retrospective statistical study was undertaken to identify factors associated with an increased risk of mortality. Between 1964 and 1989, laparatomy was performed on 182 children. For study purposes, the children were divided into three groups. Group I included 71 patients with an obstruction only in the duodenum. The remaining 111 children, all of whom had midgut volvulus, were further divided; those without gut necrosis (79) into group II, and those with necrosis (32) into group III. One child each died in groups I and II, and 15 in group III. In all children we evaluated the relationship between mortality and age at presentation, presence of associated serious abnormalities, time from onset of symptoms to surgery, and the presence of necrotic bowel. For group III, we considered the influence of percentage of bowel resected on mortality. In these 182 children the factors associated with an increased risk of mortality were presence of necrosis (P < .0001), presence of other abnormalities (P = .0008), and younger age (P = .0084). Time from onset of symptoms to surgery was not associated with statistically increased risk of mortality. The 1% mortality noted in children without intestinal necrosis (group I and II) was related to associated abnormality. For group III the estimated probability of survival ranged from .999 for patients with 10% of intestinal necrosis to .351 for whose with 75% of intestinal necrosis, assuming the best prognostic conditions (patient older than 3 months with no associated serious abnormalities).
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PMID:Clinical factors affecting mortality in children with malrotation of the intestine. 140 18

Intestinal malrotation may be complicated by volvulus and intestinal necrosis. One hundred two children (64 male, 38 female) undergoing surgical abdominal exploration from 1977 to 1987 had malrotation. Fifty-two patients were less than 7 days of age, 13 from 8 to 30 days, 26 from 31 to 365 days, and 11 were older than 1 year of age. Of infants, 39 of 65 had 40-week gestations, 18 of 65 had 36- to 39-week gestations, and 8 of 65 had less than 36-week gestations. Chief symptomatology included: bilious emesis (47), intestinal obstruction (19), abdominal pain (11), and bloody stools (7). Seventy patients had congenital anomalies (50 single, 20 multiple). Diagnostic evaluations included 56 upper gastrointestinal series and 27 barium enemas. Each patient underwent correction of malrotation and appendectomy, and correction of congenital anomalies (omphalocele-9, gastroschisis-6, diaphragmatic hernia-7). Complications included short gut (2), sepsis (5), feeding difficulties (2), pneumonia (3), small bowel obstruction (2), and other (15). Nine patients (8.8%) died (trisomy 18-1, trisomy 13-1, intestinal necrosis-3, hepatic failure-1, prematurity-1, other sepsis-2). Two hundred sixteen children with intestinal malrotation have been treated from 1937 to 1987. Mortality rate has improved from 23% to 2.9%.
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PMID:Malrotation of the intestine in children. 154 4


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