Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was indirectly measured, using a transurethral catheterization technique, in 20 client-owned dogs before and after elective ovariohysterectomy. Mean preoperative IAP was 4.50 +/- 0.44 cm H2O. Elective abdominal surgery caused significant elevations in mean postoperative IAP (mean 7.50 +/- 0.45 cm H2O, range 0 to 15 cm H2O) that persisted for at least 24 hours. However, the increase in IAP caused no clinically evident complications; thus, after elective abdominal surgery an elevation in IAP up to 15 cm H2O is to be expected. Intra-abdominal pressure was also measured in 20 consecutive clinical cases with gross abdominal distension, before or after laparotomy, or both. Included in this group were dogs with gastric dilation and volvulus, closed pyometra, hemoperitoneum, acute ascites, and diaphragmatic hernias. All dogs with gross abdominal distension had an elevated IAP (> or = 16 cm H2O) either before or after surgery. Severe elevations of IAP were associated with anuria in two dogs, necessitating surgical decompression; one with hemoperitoneum (47 cm H2O) and one after repair of a chronic diaphragmatic hernia (30 cm H2O).
 ...
PMID:Clinical determination of preoperative and postoperative intra-abdominal pressures in dogs. 765 32

The Dv3-14 gene fragment of Dictyocaulus viviparus is 471 bp, of which about 90% is translated. The calculated molecular mass of the translation product is 15.5 kDa. DNA sequence homologies were found with major sperm proteins (MSPs) from Ascaris suum, Caenorhabditis elegans and Onchocerca volvulus. Within a segment of 62 amino acids the predicted amino acid sequence of Dv3-14 shows 84% homology with an A. suum MSP and 84% homology with a C. elegans MSP. Computer analysis of the protein sequence identified three segments of immunodominant antigenic sites as putative candidates for synthetic peptide antigens. Immunoblotting analysis of the translated product showed that it is adult stage specific, water soluble and not membrane bound and can be demonstrated in the supernatant fluids of cultures from adult worms kept in cell culture medium. The results suggest that the protein encoded by Dv3-14 is a MSP of D. viviparus.
 ...
PMID:The diagnostic antigen encoded by gene fragment Dv3-14: a major sperm protein of Dictyocaulus viviparus. 835 87

Infective larvae (L3) of Onchocerca volvulus were procured in Liberia, West Africa, in the natural black fly vector, Simulium yahense. A cryobiological technique was developed to preserve L3 of O. volvulus that were fully viable after thawing. Larvae were treated before cooling with 4 cryoprotective compounds. Three compounds, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, and ethylene glycol, were prepared with distilled water. The fourth compound was DMSO prepared in different concentrations with 0.25 M sucrose. The treatment with DMSO + 0.25 M sucrose cryoprotectant resulted in the highest survival of infective larvae. Five cooling rates between 0.5 C/min and 20.0 C/min were applied. The highest survival of L3 was with the cooling rate of 1.0 C/min. Two-step cooling of L3 was applied. In the first step, L3's were frozen to 5 levels from -10.0 C to -20.0 C, -30.0 C, -40.0 C, -60 C, and -80.0 C, and in the second step, larvae were transferred into liquid nitrogen at -196 C for rapid cooling and storage. The survival was the highest when larvae were cooled to approximately -40 C prior to transfer into liquid nitrogen. Slow, gradual, and rapid thawing procedures were applied. The survival was the highest in rapid warming.
 ...
PMID:Cryopreservation of infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). 841 May 41

The use of a selective schedule of tests to identify a viable population of isolated adult Onchocerca volvulus (Nematoda: Filarioidea) has been investigated in a large worm population. The study was initiated to develop methodology appropriate to test new candidate macrofilaricides for their in vitro activity against O. volvulus. After removal from the host the viability of isolated intact parasites was estimated by assessing the motility indices of male worms, and the colorimetric quantification of the reduction of the bioreducible tetrazolium reagent XTT and lactate output by female worms. Additionally the motility of whole females and the movement of inner organs of female worms were scored quantitatively. These response parameters were used to sort the adult worms into viability groups at the start of the in vitro culture. The adult worms were then observed for 6 days and viability was assessed regularly during the culture period. At the end of the culture period, the reduction of the water-insoluble tetrazolium reagent MTT was used to determine the formazan formed by the entire male and female worms. The response parameters used at the start of the culture proved to be highly predictive for detecting viable and non-viable adult worms. In the group of worms selected as 'viable' around 70% kept their motility and metabolic activity at a high level until the end of the culture compared to the initial level. In contrast, none of the female worms and only 13% of the male worms categorized as 'poorly viable' demonstrated a motility index or metabolic level at the end of the culture period that was comparable to that of the worms in the 'viable' groups. For female worms the lactate output correlated significantly with weight whereas no correlation was seen between MTT reduction and weight.
 ...
PMID:Viability of Onchocerca volvulus in vitro. 841 72

Conditions which resulted in colonic preservation such as strangulated hernia, intestinal volvulus, and mesenteric infarction were once the main reasons for a major intestinal resection leading to the short bowel syndrome. Now Crohn's disease is the most common underlying diagnosis; such patients often have a jejunostomy. A measurement of the residual jejunal length from the duodenojejunal flexure makes possible predictions of patient outcome. Patients with a jejunostomy and less than 100 cm jejunum usually need long-term parenteral support, whereas 50 cm or more of jejunum usually suffices for adequate oral nutrition if the colon is preserved. While patients with and without a colon have problems with nutrient absorption, those with a jejunostomy also have problems of water, sodium and magnesium losses. Stomal losses may exceed oral intake and all such patients ('secretors') need parenteral supplements. Fluid and sodium losses can be reduced by octreotide, omeprazole or H2 blockers but not sufficiently to avoid the need for intravenous supplements. Colonic preservation increases the incidence of calcium oxalate renal stones (20%). Patients with and without a colon have a high prevalence of gallstones (40%). Clinically important intestinal adaptation occurs in those with a colon but not in those with a jejunostomy. Many surgical techniques, including small bowel transplantation, have been suggested to improve absorption, but as the quality of life of most patients with a short bowel is good with current treatments, they are not at present recommended.
 ...
PMID:The short bowel syndrome: what's new and old? 844 53

Colonic luminal pressure (median, range) measured during ventral midline celiotomy in 69 horses with strangulating obstruction (SO) of the large colon (SO; > or = 270 degrees large colon volvulus; 27 cm H2O: 2 to 80 cm H2O) was greater (P = .0023) than that measured in 37 horses with nonstrangulating obstruction (NSO) of the large colon (NSO; < or = 180 degrees volvulus or a nonstrangulating displacement; 18 cm H2O; 6 to 46 cm H2O). Sixty-five percent (45 of 69) of horses with SO and all horses with NSO survived. Survival analysis was restricted to 59 horses with large-colon SO that survived to hospital discharge or met the criteria specified for classification as nonsurvivors. Colonic luminal pressure in nonsurvivors (48.5 cm H2O; 34 to 80 cm H2O) was higher (P =.0001) than that measured in survivors (18 cm H2O; 2 to 50 cm H2O) of SO. From response operating characteristic curves, a luminal pressure of 38 cm H2O optimized the distribution of horses with SO into survivor and nonsurvivor groups. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for a colonic luminal pressure greater than 38 cm H2O in predicting nonsurvival were 0.89, 0.91, 0.72 and 0.97, respectively. Measurement of colonic luminal pressure may be useful for predicting survival in horses with colonic volvulus.
 ...
PMID:Colonic luminal pressure in horses with strangulating and nonstrangulating obstruction of the large colon. 892 91

We describe the combined use of laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques in a case of acute primary gastric volvulus. Once the diagnosis is confirmed with a water-soluble upper gastrointestinal series, prompt intervention is required. With an atraumatic bowel grasper the stomach is re-oriented with the greater curvature in its normal anatomic position. Two transabdominal wall sutures are placed along the greater curvature to fix it to anterior abdominal wall. Upper endoscopy is then performed. Once confident that the gastric mucosa is viable, a 20F "pull-type" gastrostomy tube is placed endoscopically, guided by the external illumination and probing by the laparoscope. The gastrostomy tube now acts as an anterior anchor for the stomach allowing repositioning of the gastropexy sutures if necessary. Endoscopy confirms the placement of a broad, properly aligned gastropexy. Classically, gastric volvulus has been treated by laparotomy. Both endoscopic and laparoscopic techniques have been individually reported in the treatment of acute and chronic gastric volvulus, however, each has as its limitations. By combining the procedures we were able to better assess both the intra-abdominal and the intraluminal status of the stomach and its position before, during, and after fixation to the anterior abdominal wall. The postoperative stay seen with the combined technique was less than has been reported in patients treated by open surgery or by either the endoscopic or laparoscopic methods alone. The combined laparoscopic and endoscopic approach to acute gastric volvulus provides the benefit of a minimally invasive approach, to a better anterior gastropexy. This procedure should be considered when confronted with patients with acute primary, gastric volvulus.
 ...
PMID:A combined laparoscopic and endoscopic approach to acute primary gastric volvulus. 944 30

Post-mortem examinations performed during May and August of 1997 on three free-living green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the United Arab Emirates revealed that all had stomachs full of fresh seagrass (approximately 99% of the total ingesta) and presented with a duodenal volvulus involving a length of approximately 100 cm. Duodeni appeared empty and necrotic with diffuse purple-black mucosa. No apparent signs of obstruction by foreign objects, acute endoparasitism, or other disorders were observed. In all cases, duodenal volvulus was diagnosed, the cause of which may have been dietary in origin. The rise in water temperature, with an associated rise in the temperature of seagrass, thus enhancing the over-fermentation of ingesta with the subsequent liberation of excessive amounts of gas was the probable cause of volvulus formation. Ingestion of foreign bodies and physical movement also are discussed as causes of digestive disorders. It is recommended that handlers should avoid 360 degrees rotation when overturning turtles onto their carapaces.
 ...
PMID:Duodenal volvulus in free-living green turtles from coastal United Arab Emirates. 981 51

Many dangerous surgical complications like intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis with perforation, ileal perforation in a typhoid patient, Meckel's diverticulitis, disruption of post operative intestinal anastomosis, volvulus, and intussusception are known to occur due to ascariasis, with considerable morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective study of 250 cases of gastrointestinal ascariasis admitted in paediatric surgical wards of Govt. Medical College, Jabalpur (MP), the authors analysed the results of conservative (especially the use of hypertonic saline enema-given just like an ordinary soap water enema but substituting freshly made hypertonic saline in place of soap water) and surgical treatment. The success rate of conservative treatment was 95.6%. Hypertonic saline passes through the incompetent ileo-caecal valve (present in 80% of children) and irritates the worm bolus commonly situated in the terminal ileum, causing it to disintegrate. It also helps to increase the intestinal motility and passage of worms into the colon. The use of hypertonic saline enema is safe and effective in the conservative treatment of gastrointestinal ascariasis. Authors feel that it is the most grossly under utilized part of conservative treatment and deserves to be known and used on wider scale.
 ...
PMID:Hypertonic saline enema in gastrointestinal ascariasis. 1079 28

This 3 year prospective study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography in 31 neonates with suspected malrotation or malrotation with volvulus. Water instillation was used to detect duodenal dilatation, edema, and malrotated bowels. Twenty patients with ultrasonographic characteristics of inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein were later surgically proved to have malrotation. Nine of these 20 patients also had volvulus. Sonographic features suggestive of volvulus included duodenal dilation with tapering configuration (8 of 9 cases, 89%), fixed midline bowel (8 of 9 cases, 89%), whirlpool sign (8 of 9 cases, 89%), and dilation of the distal superior mesenteric vein (5 of 5 cases, 100%). The sensitivity and specificity of duodenal dilation with tapering configuration for detecting volvulus were 89% and 92%, respectively; of fixed midline bowel, 89% and 92%; of whirlpool sign, 89% and 92%; and of dilation of distal superior mesenteric vein, 56% and 73%. The results of this study indicate that ultrasonographic features of inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein could aid in the diagnosis of malrotation, and certain sonographic features can also be used to evaluate volvulus, a condition requiring emergent operation.
 ...
PMID:Sonographic features related to volvulus in neonatal intestinal malrotation. 1084 Oct 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>