Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the efficacy of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, associated with conventional therapy, in controlling profuse ileostomy losses in a child with short bowel syndrome following a volvulus. The first therapeutic effects of the treatment [50 to 100 micrograms/day of SMS 201-995 (Sandoz Ltd.) subcutaneously] appeared 48 h after institution. Ileal output was reduced on an average from 1,800 to 600 ml. The transit time to the ileostomy was prolonged from 20 to 360 min. The loss of chloride and sodium was reduced. Clinical tolerance was good. This treatment allowed rapid weaning of parenteral nutrition and implementation of a constant rate enteral infusion with rapid nutritional restitution. Hospitalization was shortened and this treatment raises future opportunities in the short bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Use of a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) in controlling a significant ileal output in a 5-year-old child. 289 4

Twenty-one patients with moderate to heavy infections with O. volvulus were treated with 25 mg of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) citrate twice daily for 10 days. In 11 patients the urine was made alkaline with sodium bicarbonate, 2 g, administered 6 hourly for three doses daily beginning 1 day before DEC was started and continued throughout the DEC therapy. Ten patients served as controls. The mean pre-dose plasma DEC concentration during treatment and the mean plasma DEC half-life were significantly higher in bicarbonate treated patients as compared to controls. Total urinary excretion of DEC was significantly less in the bicarbonate treated group than in controls. Mean overall total reaction was higher in bicarbonate-treated patients but the difference was not significant. The bicarbonate-treated group achieved a significantly greater reduction in skin microfilarial counts than the control group as assessed 1 week after completion of therapy, but there was little difference at 1 month. Microfilarial killing was associated with microfilarial mobilisation, alteration in peripheral leucocytes and elevation in serum aminotransferases in both groups. There was no effect of DEC on the number of adult worms recovered in nodules removed at the end of the therapy. This study indicates that moderate urinary alkalinisation alters the kinetics of DEC and the therapeutic response. However the severity of clinical reaction coupled with the inadequate level of microfilarial killing achieved make it unlikely that manipulation of urinary pH will be of practical value in onchocerciasis chemotherapy.
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PMID:The effect of moderate urine alkalinisation on low dose diethylcarbamazine therapy in patients with onchocerciasis. 301 92

Physical and clinicopathologic findings from six cows with proximal duodenal obstruction (PDO) and 58 cows with abomasal volvulus (AV) were compared retrospectively. Many of the physical signs were similar in cows with PDO and cows with AV, but the two conditions differed in the type of abdominal distention, and in the findings from rectal examination and abdominal auscultation. Cows with PDO had significantly lower mean values for serum sodium (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-), and higher mean values for plasma bicarbonate [HCO3-], base excess, carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), serum phosphate, urea nitrogen, and total protein than AV affected cattle. Cows with PDO showed hyperglycemia (range, 263-990 mg/dl; mean, 618 mg/dl) of unexplained etiology that was significantly higher than blood-glucose concentrations in AV cows (mean, 178 mg/dl). Although all AV cows with anion gap values greater than 32 mEq/l died;PDO cows with equally elevated anion gap survived. The anion gap elevations in PDO and AV cows resulted from accumulation of different anions. Although the site of obstruction of aborad flow of ingesta is similar in both disease conditions, the differences in physical and clinicopathologic findings appear to reflect differences in the degree of reticulo-omasal orifice obstruction and the degree of abomasal vascular compromise.
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PMID:Comparison of naturally occurring proximal duodenal obstruction and abomasal volvulus in dairy cattle. 323 95

Embryonic stages of various Onchocerca species have been used to stimulate resistance in CBA mice to challenge injections with the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis. Comparable levels of resistance to challenge (29-37% reductions) were conferred by living, freeze-killed, or sonicated organisms administered with Freunds' Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Antigens extracted in saline, or with the detergent sodium deoxycholate, were also protective. Adjuvants enhanced the protective effect, particularly FCA (78% reduction), Freunds' Incomplete Adjuvant (74% reduction), aluminum hydroxide (70% reduction) and Bordetella pertussis (70% reduction). Detergent extracts prepared from intact embryos with n-octyl glucoside also stimulated significant levels of protection against microfilarial challenge when given with FCA (37-45% reductions). Levels of resistance induced by immunizations with intact organisms were greatest following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection over the neck or by intramuscular inoculation. Soluble extracts were also particially effective given by s.c. inguinal or intraperitoneal injection. A time-interval of greater than 3 weeks between the completion of immunization and challenge was required for the expression of immunity. Cross-protection against challenge with O. lienalis microfilariae was also afforded to mice by immunization with intact embryos or detergent extracts of Onchocerca gutturosa (45 and 34% reductions), Onchocerca gibsoni (66 and 47% reductions) or Onchocerca volvulus (58 and 41% reductions). It is concluded that the embryonic stages of both human and animal parasites provide a source of cross-protective antigens of value in studies on resistance to Onchocerca microfilariae in experimental hosts.
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PMID:Resistance to Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice conferred by egg antigens of homologous and heterologous Onchocerca species. 361 90

A 73-year-old woman developed abnormal electrolyte and water loss from an excluded rectosigmoid segment after surgical treatment of a volvulus of the sigmoid colon. Rectal discharges lasted almost for a year, until it spontaneously resolved after restoration of large bowel continuity. Despite extensive investigation, including endoscopic, radiologic, microscopic, bacteriologic and parasitic examinations, no satisfactory explanation of the diarrhea could be found. The histologic pattern of the excluded segment showed a striking increase in mucosal thickness and in number and height of goblet cells. These abnormalities disappeared after closure of the colostomy. Electrolyte composition of the rectal fluid, which contained 134 mmol potassium and 22 mmol sodium per liter was remarkable and similar to that of normal stool water and anal discharges of patients with ulcerative proctitis.
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PMID:Idiopathic chronic watery diarrhea from excluded rectosigmoid with goblet cell hyperplasia cured by restoration of large bowel continuity. 372 Apr 72

The treatment of onchocerciasis using diethylcarbamazine and suramin sodium, which can kill different stages of the parasite, Onchocerca volvulus, remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have more clearly defined the serious limitations of the existing forms of treatment. However, two new classes of compounds, the benzimidazoles and avermectins, offer exciting new leads in the search for a safe and effective treatment that could be used on a large scale.
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PMID:Recent developments in the treatment of onchocerciasis. 633 93

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (at 30 mm of Hg of gastric pressure) was experimentally induced in 8 dogs under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Hemodynamic indices including cardiac output, mean aortic pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, heart rate, total peripheral resistance, and dp/dtmax were measured during a 180-minute period of gastric dilatation-volvulus and for 120 minutes after gastric decompression. Experimental gastric dilatation-volvulus resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cardiac output (64%), mean aortic pressure (48%), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (68%), and ventricular dp/dtmax (32%) compared to 4 control dogs. Hemodynamic indices returned toward control values after gastric decompression. It was concluded that gastric dilatation-volvulus in the present experiment was capable of inducing hemodynamic alterations of a magnitude similar to those reported in gastric dilatation studies, using higher gastric pressures.
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PMID:Hemodynamics during experimental gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. 662 1

Onchocerca supernatant (OS) was prepared by a technique permitting live microfilariae to migrate from nodule tissue through agar gel into sterile Hanks balanced salt/Penicillin-Streptomycin solution where they metabolized. The OS, after dialysis, was passed through Seitz viral filter and either concentrated or lyophilized. Using rabbit antiserum in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests, microfilariae proteins and also human protein were detected in out OS. No common antigens were found between this and somatic extracts of Loa loa, O. gutturosa, O. volvulus, L. carinii, D. immittis and A. lumbricoides. 125I labelled OS was purified by passage through protein A column and then through immunosorbent column of horse anti-human serum linked to CNB-activated sepharose 4B. Autoradiography, after sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacylamide slab gel eletrophoresis of purified OS, showed 10 protein bands in the molecular range 10,000 to 125,000. Skin prick tests with OS, shown not to be contaminated with Hepatitis B antigens, elicited immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Using our criteria, positive reactions were seen in 81% of proven onchocerca cases and only occasionally in Loasis 4.5%, ascaridiasis 13.5% or healthy controls 2.4%. The poor skin reactivity to OS in loasis was not due to immunosuppression as these patients, when also infested with ascaris, reacted just as well as onchocerca patients with ascaris to skin prick test using somatic extracts of ascaris.
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PMID:A diagnostic skin test for Onchocerca volvulus infection. 680 26

Twenty dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) and 37 clinically normal dogs had arterial blood drawn for analysis of pH and blood gases. There was no statistically significant difference between values from the 2 groups. By calculation of the anion gap and by assessing arterial bicarbonate concentration, it appeared there were concomitant and offsetting factors, resulting in normal values for pH, blood gases, and anion gap in dogs with GDV. The results obtained indicated that sodium bicarbonate therapy should not be used in dogs with GDV.
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PMID:Acid-base and electrolyte values in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus. 708 76

Intestinal malrotation presenting beyond the neonatal period is associated with a multiplicity of symptoms, which are often non-specific and, consequently, are associated with delays in diagnosis. Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, which mimics the manifestations of Bartter's syndrome, can be caused by a severe chloride deficiency secondary to vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration, diuretic abuse and so on. We describe a 6 year old boy who had been admitted to hospital three times during the preceding year. The patient lapsed into a critical condition with profound hypochloremia and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis induced by extremely massive vomiting. The attacks of vomiting were spasmodic and self-limited. During the episodes of vomiting he fulfilled the criteria of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, including hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism and normal blood pressure, but in the intervals between attacks he was completely asymptomatic. At the third admission, examination supported an overall clinical picture of bowel obstruction, which was confirmed by radiographic examination. Laparotomy revealed a midgut volvulus with intestinal malrotation. After surgery he made a good recovery and was symptom-free. In this patient, the high degree of hypochloremia and hypovolemia activated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, then aldosterone promoted intensive reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium into the urine. Consequently the diagnosis of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome was establish on the basis of an extreme decrease in urinary chloride and an increase in urinary potassium concentration. It is relatively rare for vomiting due to intestinal malrotation to induce pseudo-Bartter's syndrome. The importance of considering this rare diagnosis in such cases is discussed.
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PMID:A case of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome due to intestinal malrotation. 816 99


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