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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Water samples were collected from breeding sites of species of the Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnoslm complex in Upper Volta, Liberia and Cameroon during the dry season; and in Tanzania and Kenya at various seasons during a period of two years. The following 20 factors were analysed at 45 breeding sites: water temperature, current velocity, pH value, conductivity free carbon dioxide, oxygen content, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, total iron and organic substance (consumption of potassium permanganate). A number of notable differences in the chemical composition of the water of the breeding sites of 13 S. damnosum complex species were found, particularly with regard to the pH and conductivity. On the basis of these differences the various species can be divided into three main groups: Group I: 3 species (S. sanctipauli, S. yahense, "Menge"); breeding in sites with pH values always below 7 and conductivity values below 50 mumhos. Group II: 8 species (S. sirbanum, S. sudanense, S. damnosum s.s., S. squamosum, "Sanje", "Nkusi", "Nyamagasani", "Jovi"); breeding in watercourses with neutral, weakly acid or weakly alkaline reactions and conductivity values ranging from 50 to 150 mumhos. Group III: 2 species ("Kibwezi", "Kisiwani"); breeding in watercourses characterized by highly alkaline reactions with pH values between 7.7 and 10 and by conductivity values between 400 and 950 mumhos. The vectors of Onchocerca volvulus are included in group I and II only.
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PMID:The hydro-chemical and physical conditions of the environment of the immature stages of some species of the simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum complex (Diptera). 1 1

Physical signs and blood changes were studied in horses with artificially produced obstructions of the duodenum and the small colon and simulated volvulus of the ileum. Horses with obstruction of the duodenum had the most violent physical signs and the shortest survival time. Blood changes were an initial rise in pH followed by acidosis, hyperkalemia and a decrease in HCO3 minus, Na+ and C1 minus. Obstruction of the small colon resulted in mild physical signs. The blood parameters recorded were normal. Simulated volvulus resulted in continuous colic. Blood changes were acidosis and hyperkalemia with a continuous decrease in HCO3 minus and C1 minus levels.
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PMID:Intestinal obstruction in the horse. Physical signs and blood chemistry. 23 47

A prospective study evaluating preoperative prognostic indicators in 80 cattle with abomasal volvulus was done. Surgical correction of the abomasal volvulus was performed in all animals. After surgery, cattle were categorized into 3 groups: productive (acceptable milk production or appetite, n = 59), salvaged (poor milk production or appetite, n = 10), and nonsurvivors (n = 11). Mean values for study variables did not differ significantly between salvaged and nonsurvivor groups. Cattle in these 2 groups were combined to form a nonproductive group, which was compared with the productive group. Productive cattle had a significantly lower preoperative heart rate than nonproductive cattle, were less dehydrated, had lower serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and serum creatinine concentration, more frequent rumen contractions, higher serum Na+ and Cl- concentrations, and had been inappetent for a shorter period. Significant differences were not detected in blood pH, base excess, anion gap, PCV, and serum K+ concentrations between the 2 groups. Feces from nonproductive cattle tended to be reduced in volume and were significantly darker. A number of preoperative prognostic indices were evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (+PV) of each variable and by using logistic regression. Positive predictive values were generally higher in identifying productive cattle than nonproductive cattle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preoperative prognostic indicators in cattle with abomasal volvulus. 188 9

Clinical and surgical findings in 458 dairy cows with right displacement of the abomasum or abomasal volvulus (AV) were analyzed to determine the association between these variables and the outcome (productive, salvaged, or terminal) of the affected cow. Heart rate at initial examination was higher in the salvaged and terminal groups of cows (P less than 0.0001) than in the productive group. The plasma Na+ concentration was lower in the salvaged and terminal groups of cows (P less than 0.0001) than in the productive group. The plasma C1- concentration was lower in the salvaged group of cows than in cows with either productive or terminal outcomes (P less than 0.0001). Anion gap was significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) in the salvaged and terminal groups than in cows classified as productive. On the basis of surgical findings, cattle with right displacement of the abomasum were more likely to survive than cows with AV. Cows that required fluid decompression of the abomasum via abomasotomy were less likely to survive than those in which gaseous decompression was performed. Cows with evidence of vascular compromise of the abomasal wall were less likely to survive than those with normal abomasal serosa. Preoperative heart rate and anion gap had positive correlations with the presence of abomasal necrosis, whereas temperature, venous blood pH, plasma bicarbonate, and base excess concentrations had negative correlations. Cows in terminal stages of AV were likely to have a mixed primary acid-base disturbance, consisting of metabolic alkalosis with superimposed metabolic acidosis. These findings were highly correlated with abomasal necrosis.
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PMID:Right displacement of the abomasum and abomasal volvulus in dairy cows: 458 cases (1980-1987). 201 Mar 44

Living adult males and microfilariae of the cattle filarial parasite Onchocerca gibsoni were externally labelled with radioactive iodine using the iodogen and Bolton-Hunter procedures. Characterization of labelled surface proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed clear cut differences in the two life cycle stages. In addition, the two radiolabelling procedures yielded some differences in the profiles of radiolabelled surface proteins for both adults and microfilariae. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed a number of labelled antigens recognized by antibodies in human onchocerciasis serum pools, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of O. gibsoni as a model in Onchocerca volvulus vaccine studies. The reactivity of microfilarial antigens extended to antibodies from other human nematode infections, whereas male surface antigens, particularly those of low molecular weight, were Onchocerca specific. This indicates that O. gibsoni can provide a convenient source of specific diagnostic antigen.
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PMID:Surface antigens of male worms and microfilariae of Onchocerca gibsoni. 204 May 68

We analyzed the antigenicity and stability of the surface of skin microfilariae (mf) of Onchocerca cervicalis, a horse parasite. These mf express antigens on their surface that are cross-reactive with the cattle parasite O. lienalis and with the human parasite O. volvulus. The surface of living O. cervicalis mf was radioiodinated using Iodogen and the labeled components were solubilized in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), or extracted with the milder detergent octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (OGP). Electrophoresis of this material showed seven prominent bands, one of which (14 kDa) was specifically precipitated by antisera from rabbits immunized with mf from either O. cervicalis, O. lienalis, or O. volvulus, and by human sera obtained from infected individuals in Chiapas, Mexico. Other components were precipitated by either the rabbit or the human sera. In addition, antisera from mice immunized with O. cervicalis mf bound specifically to the surface of freeze-thawed uterine O. lienalis and O. volvulus mf as detected by immunofluorescence. This fluorescence was lost from the surface of O. cervicalis mf in a temperature-dependent fashion. Live mf incubated on ice with mouse anti-mf antisera and secondary FITC-GAM, showed uniform surface fluorescence. When these mf were incubated at 37 degrees C, but not at 0 degrees C, the fluorescent pattern changed with time. First, small non-fluorescent patches arose, followed by an increasingly wide belt devoid of fluorescence, and finally, no visible fluorescence. These changes in the mf surface suggest potential mechanisms for immune evasion by filarial parasites.
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PMID:Antigenic and dynamic properties of the surface of Onchocerca microfilariae. 220 Jan 4

The annulated cuticles of third- and fourth-stage larvae of Onchocerca volvulus have the typical structure of other nematodes but the cuticle of fourth-stage larvae was thinner. The surface of the third-stage larva was wrinkled and fuzzy, while that of the fourth-stage was smooth. Intermediate stages in the formation of the new cuticle and epicuticle beneath the old basal layer and of the separation of the cuticles are shown. Monoclonal antibodies specific to the surface of third-stage larvae did not react with the surface of the fourth-stage larvae. Binding of the monoclonal antibodies to the third-stage larvae was abrogated by treatment of the worms with trypsin and proteinase K, but was unaffected by treatment with periodate or the detergents sodium deoxycholate and SDS. The lectins RCA120 and WGA, but not any of the other lectins tested, bound only to the surface of fourth-stage larvae, and not to that of third-stage larvae. The surfaces of third- and fourth-stage larvae were shown to be different and contained stage-specific surface epitopes.
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PMID:Onchocerca volvulus: biochemical and morphological characteristics of the surface of third- and fourth-stage larvae. 222 9

The surface polypeptide antigens of third-stage infective larvae (L3) and adult males of Onchocerca volvulus have been compared after iodogen-catalysed radioiodination, separation by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in beta-mercaptoethanol followed by autoradiography. L3 surfaces contained polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 14, 18.5, 26, 34, 51, 68 and 130 kDa, whereas the adults contained 14, 19, 26, 34, 37.5 and 68 kDa components. By immunoprecipitation with patient's sera, only the 14 and 18.5 kDa components were shown to be antigenic on the L3, the other components being unreactive with patients' antibodies. Under similar conditions, 4 of the 6 adult male polypeptides reacted with patients' antisera, confirming their antigenic nature. Lentil lectin and immunosorbent chromatography of the surface components revealed the 18.5 kDa and 68 kDa antigens of L3 and adult males respectively to be glycoproteins. The apparently weak reactivity of L3 surface components with host antibody may be part of an escape mechanism that favours the establishment of O. volvulus in human hosts.
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PMID:Identification of the surface polypeptide antigens of the infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus. 227 76

Operations for intestinal ischemia are frequently done by veterinarians. In equine surgery those conditions commonly producing ischemia are intussusception, volvulus, bowel obstructions, and incarcerated hernias. In an attempt to predict intraoperative bowel viability after the restoration of circulation, a variety of adjuvant methods have been investigated. There is little question that of the techniques currently available, sodium fluorescein injected intravenously approaches the ideal in predicting nonviability in humans and in most animal models. Furthermore, it is safe, takes little operating time, is inexpensive, and is ubiquitously available; in addition, the only special equipment needed is a long-wave ultraviolet lamp. Reliance on this method would seldom result in nonviable bowel being left in situ. Furthermore, the use of fluorescein would minimize the unnecessary resection of viable intestine and, thereby, minimize the postoperative nutritional problems that may occur, especially in equines. The report of Sullins et al questions the accuracy of the fluorescein technique in predicting viability and nonviability in horses and also raises the question as to whether the prediction of viability, after the restoration of intestinal blood flow, also predicts normal intestinal function. Further investigations will be needed to confirm or refute these observations.
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PMID:Determination of intestinal viability. 267 Jan 9

Extracts of Onchocerca volvulus were phosphorylated in the presence of (gamma 32P)ATP and Mg2+ by endogenous protein kinase activity and exogenous rabbit muscle catalytic sub-unit of the adenosine 3'5' monophosphate dependent protein kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.37). Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the 32P-labelled extracts revealed at least seven (32P)-phosphoproteins with apparent Mr of 92,000; 86,000; 40,000; 27,000; 26,000; 23,000 and 17,000. The phosphorylation of the components with apparent Mr of 23,000 and 17,000 was catalysed by both endogenous and exogenous protein kinases, whereas the other components required exogenous protein kinase for their phosphorylation. The endogenous protein kinase activity was inhibited by suramin and the heat-stable protein inhibitor of the adenosine 3'5' monophosphate dependent protein kinase. The (32P)phosphoproteins identified in this investigation are probably candidate regulatory molecules in O. volvulus; though their physiological functions remain to be determined.
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PMID:Detection of protein kinase substrates in extracts of Onchocerca volvulus. 288 61


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