Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We administered potassium iodide and propylthiouracil per rectum, in conjunction with intravenous dexamethasone and propranolol, for emergent treatment of a patient in thyroid storm with small bowel obstruction. Shortly after initiation of this treatment, the patient successfully underwent two emergent surgical procedures for resection of an intestinal volvulus with advanced peritonitis. Serum levels of iodide and propylthiouracil showed substantial absorption of these drugs via the rectal route. Measurement of 24-h urinary-free iodide indicated that the bioavailability of potassium iodide delivered by retention enema was at least 40%. Parenteral iodide preparations have been unavailable in the past, and continue to be difficult to obtain emergently. Rectal administration of inorganic iodide is an effective, readily available and less expensive alternative to parenteral sodium iodide for patients in thyroid storm with upper gastrointestinal tract dysfunction.
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PMID:Rectal administration of iodide and propylthiouracil in the treatment of thyroid storm. 856 81

Ruminal and abomasal contents were collected from cows with left abomasal displacement (L), right abomasal displacement (R-), or abomasal volvulus (R+), before the abomasum was corrected, as well as one and three days later, pH and concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and chloride (Cl) were determined. Results were compared with those from healthy control cattle fed a balanced diet. Ruminal concentrations of Na and Ca were reduced in cattle with abomasal displacement, whereas those of K, P and Cl were increased, and those of Mg and pH remained nearly unchanged. Concentrations of K and P before abomasal correction were lower in cattle with L than in those with R+, and declined after the correction. Concentrations of Cl decreased continuously after the abomasum was corrected in cattle with L, whereas they increased after replacement in cattle with R and declined later. These findings imply that cattle with abomasal displacement took up less feed before surgical correction and that ruminal contents backed up in the rumen, whereby the backup was less with L than with R+, and that the backed-up contents passed on after the abomasum was corrected. The results also indicate that a reflux of abomasal contents into the rumen took place in cattle with all forms of abomasal displacement, whereby with R+ increased amounts of abomasal contents passed into the rumen following correction and were then later passed out. Compared to controls, abomasal concentrations of Cl were increased in cattle with displacement and the concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, and P were reduced. Before abomasal correction, pH was decreased in cattle with L and unchanged in those with R- and R+. The concentrations of Na and K before correction in L were lower than those with R+, whereas the concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, and P were higher. After abomasal correction, the concentrations of Na declined, and those of K, Mg, Ca, and P increased. On the third day after abomasal correction, pH and the concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, and P were lower and the concentrations of Cl higher than in controls. These findings indicate that before abomasal correction in cattle with abomasal displacement secretion from the abomasal glands was increased, abomasal contents backed up in the abomasum, whereby the secretion/backup was less with L than with R+, and that the backed-up contents are passed on after the abomasum is corrected. The findings also suggest that the increased rate of secretion from the abomasal glands or abomasal motility disorders continues on to the third day after abomasal correction.
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PMID:[pH, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate and chloride in the rumen and abomasal contents of cows with abomasal displacement]. 864 9

The records of 106 cases of right-sided displacement of the abomasum (RDA) and abomasal volvulus (AV) were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative heart rate (> or = 90 BPM), serum BUN (> or = 10 mmol/L), potassium (< or = 3.3 mmol/L) and chloride (< or = 85 mmol/L) were the best indicators for a non-productive outcome. High gamma-GT activity can be used as a preoperative indicator to differentiate AV from RDA. The overall rate of return to a productive life was 74% (81.2% of RDA cases and 67.3% of AV cases).
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PMID:[Prognostic indicators in cattle with right-sided displacement of the abomasum and abomasal volvulus]. 1050 Apr 14

The objective of this study was to evaluate serum mineral and electrolyte concentrations at the time of on-farm diagnosis of left displaced abomasum, right displaced abomasum, or abomasal volvulus in dairy cows. Data were collected from 104 affected cows and 96 control cows matched with cases, based on herd, parity, and stage of lactation. Cows with abomasal displacement or volvulus had significantly lower calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium, and chloride concentrations and increased anion gap at the time of diagnosis compared with control cows from the same herds. The percentages of cases and controls with total serum calcium concentrations below the lower limit of the laboratory reference range (2.08 mmol/L [8.3 mg/dL]) were 70% and 23%, respectively. Based on the large percentage of cases with hypocalcemia, administering calcium salts at the time of treatment of field cases of abomasal displacement or volvulus may be beneficial.
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PMID:Cross-sectional study of the association of abomasal displacement or volvulus with serum electrolyte and mineral concentrations in dairy cows. 1076 67

The purpose of our study was to develop a surgical method for collection of ileal digesta in neonatal (< 5 kg) pigs and to determine potential complications of the procedure. In 18 10-day-old pigs, we performed ileocutaneous anastomosis (ICA) via a right ventrolateral incision. The ICA was readily performed in these neonatal pigs; one pig died 24 hours after surgery because of intestinal volvulus. Pigs were monitored twice daily for development of post-operative complications. Ileal digesta were collected "free-catch" by using metabolism cages because attempts to use cannulas (diameter, 4 to 8 mm) and collection bags failed. To determine the effect of colon bypass on hydration, electrolytes, glucose, and serum enzyme activities, we collected serum biochemistry data before and 6 days after surgery. Changes in serum biochemical values included increased potassium, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and globulin and decreased ALP and glucose, but all values remained within normal ranges for neonatal pigs. ICA is tolerated well by neonatal pigs and is an easily learned and rapid technique for collection of ileal digesta. In addition, ICA is a useful alternative to "T-cannulas" and ileorectal anastomosis for nutrition research using neonatal pigs weighing < 5 kg.
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PMID:Method and complications of ileocutaneous anastomosis for collection of ileal digesta in neonatal pigs. 1104 Aug 71

Although urolithiasis is common in spinal cord injury patients, it is presumed that the predisposing factors for urinary stones in spinal cord injury patients are immobilization-induced hypercalciuria in the initial period after spinal injury and, in later stages, urine infection by urease-producing micro-organisms, e.g., Proteus sp., which cause struvite stones. We describe a patient who sustained C-7 complete tetraplegia in a road traffic accident in 1970, when he was 16 years old. Left ureterolithotomy was performed in 1971 followed by left nephrectomy in 1972. Probably due to adhesions, this patient developed volvulus of the intestine in 1974. As he had complete tetraplegia, he did not feel pain in the abdomen and there was a delay in the diagnosis of volvulus, which led to ischemia of a large segment of the small bowel. All but 1 ft of jejunum and 1 ft of ileum were resected leaving the large bowel intact. In 1998, suprapubic cystostomy was performed. In 2004, this patient developed calculus in the solitary right kidney. Complete stone clearance was achieved by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Stone analysis: calcium oxalate 60% and calcium phosphate 40%. Metabolic evaluation revealed hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, and hypomagnesiuria. Since this patient had hyperoxaluria, the stool was tested for Oxalobacter formigenes, a specific oxalate-degrading, anerobic bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans; absence of this bacterium appears to be a risk factor for development of hyperoxaluria and, subsequently, calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. DNA from the stool was extracted using the QIAamp DNA stool Mini Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA). The genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for oxc gene (developed by Sidhu and associates). The stool sample tested negative for O. formigenes. The patient was prescribed potassium citrate mixture; he was advised to avoid oxalate-rich food, maintain recommended levels of calcium in his diet, and take live bio-yogurt. Two months later, 24-h urinary oxalate decreased from 0.618 to 0.411 mmol/day; 24-h urine citrate increased from 0.58 to 1.10 mmol/day. Six months later, an oxalate absorption test was performed. The patient swallowed a capsule, soluble in gastric juice, containing 50 mg (0.37 mmol) sodium [13C2]oxalate corresponding to 33.8 mg of [13C2]oxalic acid. The amount of labeled oxalate, excreted in urine, was measured by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay. Oxalate absorption, expressed as the percentage of the labeled dose recovered in the 24-h urine after dosing, was 8.3% (reference range: 2.3-17.5%). In addition to other conventional measures, oral administration of O. formigenes or lactic acid bacteria mixture to promote bacterial degradation of oxalate in the gut, and thus combat hyperoxaluria, may play a role in prevention of calcium oxalate kidney stones.
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PMID:Hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hypomagnesiuria, and lack of intestinal colonization by Oxalobacter formigenes in a cervical spinal cord injury patient with suprapubic cystostomy, short bowel, and nephrolithiasis. 1761 9

Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia usually begins during childhood, but may be an occasional finding even in adults. The treatment of choice is surgical repair to avoid herniated bowel complications. The operation often requires a combined approach consisting in thoracotomy and laparotomy. This is a convenient solution to eliminate the vascular risks (if there are additional concomitant embryonic defects, such as intestinal malrotation). We report a case of a female, aged 45 years, with epigastric cramp-like pain for 4 days and tenderness in the right abdominal quadrants during physical examination; the standard laboratory data showed decreased blood levels of calcium and potassium. Chest and abdominal X-rays revealed significant, widespread colic distension and the presence of a colic loop in the chest. We confirmed these results by CT and barium enema and proceeded with urgent surgery consisting in a right hemicolectomy (extended as far as the left part of the tranverse colon) for volvulus and with stitching of the diaphragmatic gap. We also discovered incomplete intestinal malrotation. After surgery, complete remission of the clinical symptoms was achieved. This case report demonstrates that, despite the apparent clinical silence, congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an adult may often manifest itself with particular gravity calling for urgent surgery.
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PMID:[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an adult: case report of acute abdomen]. 1883 62

Filariae are parasitic nematodes that are transmitted to their definitive host as third-stage larvae by arthropod vectors like mosquitoes. Filariae cause diseases including: lymphatic filariasis with distressing and disturbing symptoms like elephantiasis; and river blindness. Filarial diseases affect millions of people in 73 countries throughout the topics and sub-tropics. The drugs available for mass drug administration, (ivermectin, albendazole and diethylcarbamazine), are ineffective against adult filariae (macrofilariae) at the registered dosing regimen; this generates a real and urgent need to identify effective macrofilaricides. Emodepside, a veterinary anthelmintic registered for treatment of nematode infections in cats and dogs, is reported to have macrofilaricidal effects. Here, we explore the mode of action of emodepside using adult Brugia malayi, one of the species that causes lymphatic filariasis. Whole-parasite motility measurement with Worminator and patch-clamp of single muscle cells show that emodepside potently inhibits motility by activating voltage-gated potassium channels and that the male is more sensitive than the female. RNAi knock down suggests that emodepside targets SLO-1 K channels. We expressed slo-1 isoforms, with alternatively spliced exons at the RCK1 (Regulator of Conductance of Potassium) domain, heterologously in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We discovered that the slo-1f isoform, found in muscles of males, is more sensitive to emodepside than the slo-1a isoform found in muscles of females; and selective RNAi of the slo-1a isoform in female worms increased emodepside potency. In Onchocerca volvulus, that causes river blindness, we found two isoforms in adult females with homology to Bma-SLO-1A and Bma-SLO-1F at the RCK1 domain. In silico modeling identified an emodepside binding pocket in the same RCK1 region of different species of filaria that is affected by these splice variations. Our observations show that emodepside has potent macrofilaricidal effects and alternative splicing in the RCK1 binding pocket affects potency. Therefore, the evaluation of potential sex-dependent effects of an anthelmintic compound is of importance to prevent any under-dosing of one or the other gender of nematodes once given to patients.
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PMID:Emodepside has sex-dependent immobilizing effects on adult Brugia malayi due to a differentially spliced binding pocket in the RCK1 region of the SLO-1 K channel. 3155 70


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