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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Water samples were collected from breeding sites of species of the Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnoslm complex in Upper Volta, Liberia and Cameroon during the dry season; and in Tanzania and Kenya at various seasons during a period of two years. The following 20 factors were analysed at 45 breeding sites: water temperature, current velocity, pH value, conductivity free carbon dioxide, oxygen content, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, total iron and organic substance (consumption of potassium permanganate). A number of notable differences in the chemical composition of the water of the breeding sites of 13 S. damnosum complex species were found, particularly with regard to the pH and conductivity. On the basis of these differences the various species can be divided into three main groups: Group I: 3 species (S. sanctipauli, S. yahense, "Menge"); breeding in sites with pH values always below 7 and conductivity values below 50 mumhos. Group II: 8 species (S. sirbanum, S. sudanense, S. damnosum s.s., S. squamosum, "Sanje", "Nkusi", "Nyamagasani", "Jovi"); breeding in watercourses with neutral, weakly acid or weakly alkaline reactions and conductivity values ranging from 50 to 150 mumhos. Group III: 2 species ("Kibwezi", "Kisiwani"); breeding in watercourses characterized by highly alkaline reactions with pH values between 7.7 and 10 and by conductivity values between 400 and 950 mumhos. The vectors of Onchocerca volvulus are included in group I and II only.
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PMID:The hydro-chemical and physical conditions of the environment of the immature stages of some species of the simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum complex (Diptera). 1 1

Experimental closed loop small intestinal volvulus was studied in the anesthetized horse. Volvulus was simulated by ligation of the mesenterial veins to a segment of small intestine. Physical signs and hemodynamic, hematologic, clinical chemical, bacteriologic and peritoneal fluid values were examined. Compared to conscious horses anesthesia highly delayed and modified the clinical signs of shock (changes in mucosal colour, dehydration, decreased skin temperature, elevated pulse rate, low blood pressures) and of small intestinal volvulus (altered peristalsis, gastric dilation). Plasma glucose response to shock was also modified by unconsciousness. However, a dose response relationship was indicated between the extent of small intestinal damage and clinical symptoms. The same was applicable to changes in blood pressures, blood acid-base balance, lactate, potassium, chloride, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine, creatine kinase, red blood cell and total white blood cell counts and serum total protein. The relationship was also indicated in the following peritoneal fluid values: volume, lactate, pH, total white cell counts, alkaline phosphatase and bacteriology. Changes related to shock (insufficient tissue perfusion) were low blood pressures and metabolic acidosis due to anaerobic glycolysis with accumulation of lactic acid. Also low plasma glucose and elevated plasma potassium, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus and creatine kinase were regarded as consequences of shock.
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PMID:Simulated small intestinal volvulus in the anesthetized horse. 52 13

In this trial suramin, diethylcarbamazine, trichlorphon, levamisole, mebendazole, melarsonyl potassiu, Hoechst 33258 and tinidazole were administered to cattle infected with O. gibsoni and O. gutturosa to determine the usefulness of this screen in predicting the effect of drugs in man against. O. volvulus except for melarsonyl potassium which was macrofilarticidal against O. gutturosa but not O. gibsoni when cattle were slaughtered 6 weeks after treatment. It was concluded that cattle infected with O. gibsoni are a satisfactory substitute for chimpanzees infected with O. volvulus, as a tertiary screen for drugs against O. volvulus, but that their use would be restricted to centres in O. gibsoni endemic areas where the necessary facilities and specialised knowledge required to use cattle as experimental animals exist.
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PMID:An evaluation of the bovine -- Onchocerca gibsoni, Onchocerca gutturosa model as a tertiary screen for drugs against Onchocerca volvulus in man. 53 19

Gastric volvulus is a rare disease. We recently encountered a gastric volvulus associated with Bochdalek hernia and severe hypopotassemia. A 32-year-old woman experienced epigastric pain and recurrent vomiting. The changes of the electrocardiogram in this patient (K1.8mEq/l) were inverted T wave and ST depression. She was diagnosed as having gastric volvulus associated with Bochdalek hernia by chest X-ray films, contrast radiography of the upper digestive tract and thoraco-abdominal CT scans. Symptoms did not disappear with the administration of conservative therapy. At laparotomy, the stomach was rotated around its mesenteric axis in the sagittal plane. After operative repair, symptoms disappeared, and serum potassium level returned to normal. Gastric volvulus is rather easily diagnosed if its existence is kept in mind.
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PMID:[A case of Bochdalek hernia in an adult with volvulus of the stomach and hypopotassemia]. 189 66

A 73-year-old woman developed abnormal electrolyte and water loss from an excluded rectosigmoid segment after surgical treatment of a volvulus of the sigmoid colon. Rectal discharges lasted almost for a year, until it spontaneously resolved after restoration of large bowel continuity. Despite extensive investigation, including endoscopic, radiologic, microscopic, bacteriologic and parasitic examinations, no satisfactory explanation of the diarrhea could be found. The histologic pattern of the excluded segment showed a striking increase in mucosal thickness and in number and height of goblet cells. These abnormalities disappeared after closure of the colostomy. Electrolyte composition of the rectal fluid, which contained 134 mmol potassium and 22 mmol sodium per liter was remarkable and similar to that of normal stool water and anal discharges of patients with ulcerative proctitis.
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PMID:Idiopathic chronic watery diarrhea from excluded rectosigmoid with goblet cell hyperplasia cured by restoration of large bowel continuity. 372 Apr 72

Previous work on monkeys and on human volunteers led to the development of a schedule of diethylcarbamazine dosage suitable for the chemoprophylaxis of loiasis. In several parts of Africa where this chemoprophylaxis is practised against Loa loa, infections with Onchocerca volvulus are also common. Attempts were therefore made to determine whether diethylcarbamazine has any prophylactic action against the latter parasite by making use of chimpanzees exposed to experimental infections, and also by using biopsy techniques to study the fate of infective larvae inoculated into volunteers.Both experimental methods proved more difficult to apply in O. volvulus infections than had been the case with L. loa, but evidence was obtained that diethylcarbamazine is not an effective chemoprophylactic for O. volvulus.Further experiments were then carried out with suramin and with melarsonyl potassium (Mel W). Although both gave some evidence of partial prophylactic activity, their use for this purpose is at present neither practical nor safe.
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PMID:Experiments on the chemoprophylaxis of Onchocerca volvulus infection. 488 Oct 70

The effects of the arsenical drug melarsonyl potassium on Onchocerca volvulus were investigated in patients in Cameroon infected with the Cameroon forest and Sudan savanna strains of the parasite. Two intramuscular dosage schedules were tested: the first comprised 4 consecutive daily doses of 200 mg repeated once after a 10-14 day interval, i.e., 2 (4x200 mg). The second was a single dose schedule at 7.1 mg/kg-10 mg/kg, with a maximum of 500 mg.In most trials the drug had no immediate action on microfilarial concentrations. Only after the 2(4x200 mg) melarsonyl course against the Sudan savanna strain was a slight microfilaricidal action detected.The 2(4x200 mg) course of melarsonyl apparently killed or sterilized most or all of the adult female worms in the patients tested, leaving the residual population of microfilariae to decline gradually, from natural mortality, over the ensuing 2 years. These residual microfilariae could be killed with diethylcarbamazine.Single doses of melarsonyl at 7.1 mg/kg-10 mg/kg were somewhat less effective in killing or sterilizing adult worms, but it is suggested that if doses at the higher end of this range were to be repeated annually patients could be rendered free from microfilariae by the end of 3 years.It is emphasized that the risks of arsenical encephalopathy should at present preclude the use of melarsonyl potassium in the treatment of onchocerciasis, but that if this danger could be avoided the drug might prove to be of considerable use for mass therapy in control campaigns.
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PMID:The effects of drugs on Onchocerca volvulus. 4. Trials of melarsonyl potassium. 530 9

Intestinal malrotation presenting beyond the neonatal period is associated with a multiplicity of symptoms, which are often non-specific and, consequently, are associated with delays in diagnosis. Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, which mimics the manifestations of Bartter's syndrome, can be caused by a severe chloride deficiency secondary to vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration, diuretic abuse and so on. We describe a 6 year old boy who had been admitted to hospital three times during the preceding year. The patient lapsed into a critical condition with profound hypochloremia and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis induced by extremely massive vomiting. The attacks of vomiting were spasmodic and self-limited. During the episodes of vomiting he fulfilled the criteria of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, including hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism and normal blood pressure, but in the intervals between attacks he was completely asymptomatic. At the third admission, examination supported an overall clinical picture of bowel obstruction, which was confirmed by radiographic examination. Laparotomy revealed a midgut volvulus with intestinal malrotation. After surgery he made a good recovery and was symptom-free. In this patient, the high degree of hypochloremia and hypovolemia activated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, then aldosterone promoted intensive reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium into the urine. Consequently the diagnosis of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome was establish on the basis of an extreme decrease in urinary chloride and an increase in urinary potassium concentration. It is relatively rare for vomiting due to intestinal malrotation to induce pseudo-Bartter's syndrome. The importance of considering this rare diagnosis in such cases is discussed.
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PMID:A case of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome due to intestinal malrotation. 816 99

Medical records of 35 cattle with small-intestinal volvulus were reviewed. Surgical correction was performed on 32 cattle, and 17 of these cattle were discharged from the hospital. Mean duration of clinical signs for survivors was not significantly different from that for nonsurvivors, and the most commonly recorded clinical signs were abdominal pain, anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distention, and dehydration. Physical examination of cattle with intestinal volvulus revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, and normothermia. Rectal examination findings included distended small intestine, scant feces or mucus, and tight bands coursing dorsoventrally in the middle portion of the abdomen. Clinicopathologic testing revealed azotemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and leukocytosis with a left shift. Nonsurvivors had significantly lower mean preoperative venous blood pH and mean base excess and higher mean serum potassium concentration than did survivors. A diagnosis of volvulus of the entire small intestine was made during surgery in 25 cattle, whereas volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum was diagnosed during surgery in 7 cattle. Survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the entire small intestine (44%) was not significantly different from survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum (86%). However, survival rate for dairy cattle (63%) was significantly higher than survival rate for beef cattle (22%). To determine potential risk factors for the development of small-intestinal volvulus, epidemiologic data from cattle admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals throughout North America were collected by searching records entered into the Veterinary Medical Data Base.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Small-intestinal volvulus in cattle: 35 cases (1967-1992). 824 69

The survival in culture of adult female Brugia pahangi, Acanthocheilonema viteae, and Onchocerca volvulus and adult male Onchocerca gibsoni was assessed by measuring parasite motility. Survival of all species was maximal in a nutritionally complex medium (RPMI-1640). All species survived for up to 48 hr in a simpler medium in which the only energy source was 10 mM glutamine; motility in this medium was dependent upon pH. For the species of Onchocerca, motility was maintained better in the presence of glutamine as the sole energy source than in glucose-only medium. Motility of B. pahangi incubated in 10 mM succinate was equivalent to that seen with 10 mM glutamine, but no other tricarboxylic acid intermediate supported this parasite in vitro. Antimycin A (1 microM) and potassium cyanide (KCN, 100 microM) paralyzed B. pahangi incubated in 10 mM glutamine, an effect antagonized by glucose. KCN at 10 or 100 microM was effective also against Onchocerca gutturosa in glutamine-only medium. Several glutamine antimetabolites reduced motility of B. pahangi by 72 hr. This inhibition was prevented by 2 mM glutamine. However, the inhibition of motility in the species of Onchocerca caused by these compounds was attenuated only partially by glutamine. These data demonstrate that, under certain conditions, filarial nematodes can utilize non-sugar substrates as energy sources. The differential sensitivity seen among these organisms to mitochondrial toxins and glutamine antimetabolites may be related to the extent to which they can use these alternative substrates to generate energy.
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PMID:Glutamine-supported motility of adult filarial parasites in vitro and the effect of glutamine antimetabolites. 845 26


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