Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The overall prevalence of onchocerciasis was 78% and 73% in three villages of the woodland savanna of Koinadugu and four villages of the savanna-forest mosaic of Kambia respectively. The total number of persons examined was 611. In Koinadugu the prevalence of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in skin snips from the iliac crest and canthus was 51.3% and 22.5% respectively while corresponding figures for Kambia were 52.2% and 19.3%. The pattern of clinical manifestations were similar in both districts, the overall rates for nodules, skin lesions (moderate and severe) and leg elephantiasis being 53.2%, 12.5% and 0.3% respectively. No cases of hanging groin were seen. The prevalence of onchocercal eye lesions was lower in the present surveys than in our own findings in Guinea or the findings of other investigators in the Guinea or Sudan savanna of West Africa. In the present study prevalences of the fourmain blinding eye lesions in persons aged 30 years or more were sclerosing keratitis (3.7%), iritis (8.7%), optic atrophy (14.2%) and choroidoretinitis (11.3%), and the prevalence of blindness was 4.2% (both eyes) and 2.0% (one eye). Males were more commonly affected than females. Further entomological studies are needed to elucidate the relative role played by the different cytospecies of Simulium damnosum s.l. in the transmission of onchocerciasis in the savanna of Sierra Leone.
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Sep
PMID:Epidemiological studies of onchocerciasis in savanna villages of Sierra Leone. 319 72

Despite the recent advent of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), the long-term survival of the patients with short gut syndrome is not satisfactory with complications of catheter-related sepsis and cholestasis. The causes of short gut syndrome in pediatric surgery are multiple intestinal atresias, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and midgut volvulus. For the multiple atresias, multiple anastomosis without resection has been successfully undertaken to avoid developing short gut syndrome for the last 17 years. For the massive involvement of the intestines due to NEC or volvulus, high jejunostomy and peritoneal drainage with TPN support have been tried for the last two patients and successfully weaned from the TPN within two months after closure of jejunostomy. However, in case 2 malabsorption has been persistent presumably due to a severe degree of mucosal damage occurring in the remaining intestines. Whether this eventually gets back to the normal or not is unknown. For the patients with short gut syndrome, small bowel reversal procedure was successfully done and now doing well 10 years after surgery. This paper reports details of these 3 cases.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1988 Sep
PMID:[Surgical managements of massive involvement of small bowel and of short gut syndrome]. 322 90

In 261 infants with vomiting, 11 duodenal abnormalities were diagnosed with fluid-aided ultrasound (US). These abnormalities included duodenal obstruction, malrotation with and without associated volvulus, incomplete rotation, and duodenal stenosis. US was the initial modality used in the evaluation of vomiting in these neonates and young infants. The overall sensitivity and specificity of fluid-aided US evaluation of duodenal abnormalities were 100% and 99%, respectively. (Workup bias limits the reliability of these figures.) Fluid-aided US examination of the stomach and duodenum provided a dynamic view of duodenal rotation and anatomy, and at the very least provided a method of triaging those infants who may require surgery, upper gastrointestinal series, or follow-up US to make a definitive diagnosis.
Radiology 1987 Sep
PMID:Neonatal duodenum: fluid-aided US examination. 330 23

Mesenteric mesh-pexy is indicated for permanent and quick-clean fixation of the intestine. It is applicable to the treatment of recurrent stomal prolapse and intestinal volvulus when the intestine is viable, but resection, less definitive treatment or an additional operation would pose increased risks to the patient. Mesenteric mesh-pexy may also be considered prophylactically for floppy cecum and severely redundant loops of sigmoid colon.
Surg Gynecol Obstet 1988 Sep
PMID:Mesh fixation of the mesentery for treatment of volvulus and recurrent stomal prolapse. 341 56

Simulium sanctipauli s.l. and S. yahense are common and widespread in the rain-forest zone of Liberia, but differ with regard to their biting densities and contribution to the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. Although, in a study area on the St. Pauli River, S. sanctipauli s.l. (presumably S. soubrense in the sense of Post) was the predominant ma-biting species (74.3% of 30,855 females examined), S. yahense was shown to be the important vector. While 1000 biting females of S. yahense carried 96 3rd stage larvae indistinguishable from O. volvulus, only 14 were found per 1000 females of S. sanctipauli s.l. Of the parous females (3135 S. sanctipauli s.l./1621 S. yahense) 23.8/39.9% harboured 1st and/or 2nd stage filarial larvae and 1.9/9.4% 3rd stage larvae of O. volvulus. Animal filariae of unknown origin, indicative of zoophily, were very common in S. sanctipauli s.l. (13.8%) but practically absent from S. yahense (0.5%). In spite of its poorer vectorial performance S. sanctipauli s.l. cannot be neglected as a vector because it may occur in high biting densities and contribute considerably to the transmission, in particular in the vicinity of the St. Paul River. The interplay of two vector species, which develop in different types of water-courses explains the overall high endemicity of onchocerciasis in the study area.
Trop Med Parasitol 1987 Sep
PMID:Infection rates and parasitic loads of Onchocerca volvulus, and other filariae, in Simulium sanctipauli s.l. and S. yahense in a rain-forest area of Liberia. 343 56

The effect of two new filaricidal compounds, CGP 6140 and CGP 20376, on the microfilariae of O. volvulus was tested in vitro. Culture medium consisted of a 1:1 mixture of IMDM/NCTC 135 supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated foetal calf serum and gentamycin. For pulse experiments the microfilariae were exposed to the drugs for one or three hours in medium without serum and then replaced to serum supplemented medium. In the continuous cultures the microfilariae were exposed to the drugs fur up to 72 hours without a change of medium. The effect of the drugs was assessed by their ability to reduce the larval motility. A reduction of motility of 98-100% after 24 hours of exposure occurred at levels of 1 micron/ml CGP 20376 or 10 mu mg/ml CGP 6140. After exposure for one hour CGP 20376 immobilized 100% of the microfilariae irreversibly at a drug level of 1 microgram/ml. Whereas no significant immobilization was seen with CGP 6140 after one hour. After exposure for three hours CGP 6140 immobilized up to 100% of the microfilariae at drug levels of 10 and 5 micrograms/ml.
Trop Med Parasitol 1987 Sep
PMID:In vitro study on the effect of the new chemotherapeutic agents CGP 6140 and CGP 20376 on the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. 343 58

Immunocytochemical and histochemical properties of macrophages present in the subcutaneous chronic inflammatory responses surrounding adult Onchocerca volvulus (nodules) in human tissues were examined. Macrophages with strong non-specific esterase (NSE) and acid phosphatase (AcPase) activities but weak adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and HLA-DR expression (NSE+++, AcPase+++, ATPase-/+, HLA-DR-/+) were present in the centre of nodules. Many of the cells adhering to the surface of worms were NSE+++, AcPase+++, ATPase-, HLA-DR+++. The inner zone of the fibrous capsule of nodules contained macrophages with the profile NSE+++, AcPase-, ATPase-/+, HLA-DR-/+. A fourth type, NSE+++, AcPase-/+, ATPase-/+, HLA-DR+++, was located in the outer zone of the capsule, frequently within perivascular accumulations of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Active fibroblasts were identified at the inner edge of the fibrous capsule by alkaline phosphatase staining. A feature of all nodules examined was the presence of lipid-filled macrophages, demonstrated by Oil Red O stain; these cells were usually situated in zones adjacent to the centre of nodules, and were of the NSE++, AcPase++, ATPase-/+, HLA-DR-/+ type. Lipid accumulation was not found to be related to the clinical status of the patients studied. The origin and functional significance of this lipid is unknown.
Histochem J 1987 Sep
PMID:A histocytochemical study of the macrophages present in tissue responses to adult Onchocerca volvulus. 344 Jul 61

Cecal volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. Operative management is the accepted form of treatment. We report a patient with cecal volvulus who was a poor surgical risk and was successfully treated by decompression and detorsion with the use of a decompression tube inserted through the colonoscope.
Am J Gastroenterol 1987 Sep
PMID:Cecal volvulus: decompression and detorsion with a colonoscopically placed drainage tube. 363 Oct 43

A genomic library of a savanna isolate of Onchocerca volvulus was screened to detect recombinant plasmids containing highly repeated DNA sequences of this parasite. Four recombinant plasmids were identified which hybridized specifically to Onchocerca DNA, but not to DNA from humans, black flies, Brugia malayi, B. pahangi, or Wuchereria bancrofti. The recombinant plasmids had a low level of homology to Dirofilaria immitis. All recombinant plasmids contain related DNA sequences based on Southern hybridization analysis. Sequences related to these recombinant plasmids are present in different geographic isolates of O. volvulus and O. ochengi, an animal parasite. Two of the recombinant plasmids contain sequences also found in O. lienalis. One recombinant plasmid, puOvs3, has been characterized in detail, including DNA sequence determination. Radiolabeled puOvs3 is able to detect 100 pg of genomic DNA isolated from O. volvulus worms from both savanna and forest regions. It can differentiate O. volvulus from O. ochengi by Southern blot analysis.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987 Sep
PMID:Characterization of an Onchocerca-specific DNA clone from Onchocerca volvulus. 366 30

A 10-year-old German Shepherd Dog with intermittent eructation, borborygmi, flatulence, abdominal bloating, and vomiting was found to have gastric volvulus. Gastric emptying of liquids (determined with a modified emptying-time technique) was normal. Circumcostal gastropexy vastly reduced clinical signs and resulted in weight gain.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987 Sep 15
PMID:Suspected chronic gastric volvulus in a dog with normal gastric emptying of liquids. 367 59


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