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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three foci of onchocerciasis transmission (two forest and one savanna, respectively) in the Republic of Ivory Coast were chosen for a comparative analysis of Onchocerca volvulus antigens and of patients' antibody responses. Clear differences between frequency and intensity of ocular pathology existed between the forest foci and the savanna focus. We found heterogeneity of SDS-PAGE-separated components of female worms with respect to the mobility of three protein bands of the 100 KD region and to the ability of an 80 KD band to bind horseradish peroxidase. These variations were clearly not associated with the degree of ocular pathology. No differences in the composition of worm antigens were detected by immunoblotting. A variable with a possible relation to ocular pathology was the antibody response of patients: individuals from the savanna focus, where a high degree of ocular pathology is observed, tended to have a stronger and more differentiated IgG antibody response against O. volvulus antigens than patients from the forest foci. However, no antigens specifically recognized by patients from either forest or savanna were detected.
Trop Med Parasitol 1987 Sep
PMID:Antibody responses in forest and savanna onchocerciasis in Ivory Coast. 282 35

The diagnostic potential of skin snips from different body regions was evaluated in 97 onchocerciasis patients of Central Nigeria. Biopsies from the iliac crest had the greatest diagnostic potential followed by those of the calf and shoulder with 95% of Onchocerca volvulus carriers being diagnosed from these sites. However, 23.7% of microfilarial carriers in the skin of the outer canthus, shoulder, calf and ankle were negative in the iliac crest. The probability of diagnosing onchocerciasis in microfilarial positives from the 5 sites was, 0.76 for the iliac crest; 0.63 for the calf; 0.31 for the shoulder; 0.27 for the ankle; and 0.08 for the outer canthus. The concentrations of microfilariae in skin snips were significantly associated with the probability of a positive diagnosis especially with regard to those of the shoulder, iliac crest and calf.
Acta Trop 1988 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of skin biopsies from different body regions of onchocerciasis patients in Central Nigeria. 290 27

Very young, middle-aged and old macrofilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were isolated alive or intact from onchocercomata using the collagenase digestion technique and studied by transmission electron microscopy. The body wall and the internal organs showed a well preserved morphology and no differences were detected compared with worms which had not been in contact with collagenase solution.
Trop Med Parasitol 1985 Sep
PMID:The fine structure of adult Onchocerca volvulus recovered by collagenase digestion. 300 15

Successful use of colon interposition has not been previously reported in an adult with short bowel syndrome. This article describes the course of a 34-year-old woman who had interposition of an 18 cm segment of sigmoid colon between 5 cm of proximal jejunum and 7 cm of terminal ileum after midgut volvulus. The rationale for use of colon interposition in cases of extreme short syndrome is discussed.
Surgery 1986 Sep
PMID:Colon interposition for extreme short bowel syndrome: a case report. 309 Jul 27

Use was made of seven FITC labelled lectins as tools to investigate the surface of Onchocerca lienalis larvae as they develop through to the infective third-stage in a natural vector, Simulium ornatum. The lectins were derived from Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Lens culinaris (lentil), Triticum vulgaris (wheat germ), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Helix pomatia, Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) and Tetragonolobus purpureus (asparagus pea). Between 70 and 100 living parasites were examined for each developmental stage; i.e. skin microfilariae, late first-stages, second-stages, preinfective third-stages and infective third-stages isolated from the mouth parts of the flies. None of the lectins used bound to the surface of the microfilariae. However, progressive binding to the cuticle of the first- and second-stages was observed using Con. A, lentil lectin and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Following moulting to the third-stage, binding of these three lectins declined. Furthermore, as these lectins decreased, peanut and Helix pomatia lectins progressively increased in their binding, despite the fact that they showed little or no binding to the first- and second-stages; stages at which Con A, lentil and WGA were at their maximum. Asparagus pea and kidney bean lectins failed completely to bind to any of the larvae examined. Carbohydrate inhibition tests showed that the lectin was indeed binding specifically to glycoconjugates on the parasite surface. WGA binding was not inhibited by prior incubation with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, even at high concentrations, but neuraminic acid did completely inhibit its binding. Judging from the patterns of binding on the nematodes themselves, the carbohydrates may not be vector in origin, but derive from the worms. The lectin specificities indicate that initially mannose/glucose type derivatives are present on the surface. Following moulting to the third-stage these are progressively replaced, or overlaid with galactosamine type derivatives, also present on the infective third-stage as it enters the bovine host. The availability of these surface glycoconjugates to attack mediated by natural insect lectins may be of importance in the parasite regulatory mechanisms of the blackfly. Variability in these surface carbohydrates, and in the response to them could well be a contributing factor in the cytospecific variation in S. damnosum susceptibility to geographical variants of O. volvulus.
J Helminthol 1988 Sep
PMID:Surface carbohydrate changes on Onchocerca lienalis larvae as they develop from microfilariae to the infective third-stage in Simulium ornatum. 314 48

From 1971 to 1986, massive small intestinal resection was done in twenty-five cases; intestinal atresia 12, intestinal volvulus 9, necrotizing enterocolitis 2, intussusception 1 and gastroschisis 1. Thirteen cases (52%) of them have survived. Of 12 cases with intestinal atresia undergoing small intestinal resection, 7 cases had atresias of multiple type, on the other hand, in intestinal volvulus, 4 of 9 cases without malrotation have had massive small intestinal resection, compared with 5 of 30 cases with malrotation. Many clinical problems have occurred after massive small intestinal resection, especially in cases with short bowel syndrome (shorter than 30 cm in length), but home parenteral nutrition has become one of the key treatments for cases with short bowel syndrome.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1988 Sep
PMID:[Surgical treatment and problem of massive small intestinal resection in children--assessment of background diseases and actual management]. 314 66

Eight survivors after massive small bowel resection were reviewed for a period of 2 to 19 years to assess the long term prognosis of patients. The primary diseases of short bowel syndrome were congenital intestinal atresia (6) and midgut volvulus (2). The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 27 and 75 cm and ileocecal valve was also resected in 3 cases. All cases had been already weaned from parenteral nutrition and six children tolerate normal meals and two have still enteral formula at home now. Near normal somatic growth was achieved in cases which received intensive nutritional supports after operation. The D-Xylose absorption test revealed gradual improvement except one with the shortest intestine (27 cm) and fat absorption was disturbed in patients who had less than 45 cm residual intestine. Late metabolic complications, such as renal calculus, cholelithiasis and pathologic fractures were encountered in three cases.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1988 Sep
PMID:[Long term prognosis after massive small bowel resection in children]. 314 69

We have cloned and characterized the gene for an immunodominant antigen of O. volvulus that is recognized by the sera of 96% of patients with onchocerciasis. Its 1.2-kb mRNA constitutes 0.3% of adult worm poly(A)+ RNA and its cDNA sequence reveals that it is not a highly conserved structural protein such as actin or tubulin. Similar but not identical genes occur in the genomes of related filarie, Brugia malayi and Dirofilaria immitis. The recombinant antigen has both immunodiagnostic and immunoprophylactic significance.
J Exp Med 1988 Sep 01
PMID:Molecular cloning of an immunodominant antigen of Onchocerca volvulus. 317 78

Two clones, pOA1 and pOA5, have been isolated from a genomic DNA library prepared from pools of Onchocerca armillata adults in the plasmid vector pUC12. In dot-blot hybridisations, these two clones do not cross-hybridise significantly with total genomic DNA from O. volvulus, O. gutturosa, O. ochengi, O. gibsoni, O. lienalis, bovine, human, Culicoides nubeculosus, Simulium species or Brugia pahangi, but do hybridise with as little as 100 pg of DNA from two separate geographic isolates of O. armillata. The sequence of pOA1 and pOA5 has been determined and found to contain a repetitive DNA sequence 147 bp in length. These clones can be used as specific and sensitive DNA probes for the identification of O. armillata capable of identifying a single L3 larva.
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1988 Sep
PMID:Cloning and characterization of a species-specific repetitive DNA sequence from Onchocerca armillata. 318 12

The effect of haemolymph from individual flies of differing species of Simulium were compared in their ability to attenuate Onchocerca microfilariae in vitro. Small maintenance systems, each of 3-4 microliters total volume, were set up in Terasaki plates. Three British species of greatly differing susceptibilities to Onchocerca lienalis (Simulium ornatum, S. equinum and S. vernum) were compared in their effect on O. lienalis. Three forms of the S. damnosum complex from Liberia (S. yahense and 2 geographical variants of S. soubrense) were similarly compared in their effects on O. volvulus microfilariae. The more refractory species in both sets of experiments were found to significantly reduce the in vitro motility of the microfilariae more than the susceptible species. It is proposed that this innate variation in in vitro attenuation, may be caused be humoral haemolymph proteins. Such an assay, perhaps in a modified form could be used in predicting vector susceptibility. It could also be used to analyse mechanisms responsible for variation in susceptibility, of different S. damnosum complex members, to the geographical forms of O. volvulus.
Trop Med Parasitol 1988 Sep
PMID:The relationship between innate susceptibility to Onchocerca, and haemolymph attenuation of microfilarial motility in vitro using British and west African blackflies. 319 66


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