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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of transverse colon volvulus is reported, bringing the total number of collected cases in the English language medical literature to 45. Although this type of volvulus is rare, a definite pattern can be appreciated. Patients tend to be young, female, and give a history of chronic or recurrent difficulty in having bowel movements. A triad of underlying factors predisposes to the development of the volvulus: a distal impediment (either organic or functional) to the evacuation of the bowel, a redundant bowel and mesocolon and a fixed point around which the bowel can twist. The best treatment is resection with either anastomosis or exteriorization, depending on bowel viability.
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PMID:Volvulus of the transverse colon: report of case and review of the literature. 52 37

The definition of volvulus is an axial twist of a portion of the gastrointestinal tract along its mesentery. The involved bowel is obstructed partially or completely with a variable degree of arterial and venous occlusion. The colon is the most common site for volvulus. The splenic flexure is the least common site of colonic volvulus. We experienced a case of the volvulus of the splenic flexure. It will be the 30th case of the volvulus involving the splenic flexure in the English literature, to our knowledge. A 30-year-old woman was admitted due to abdominal pain and distention with vomiting. An emergency barium study revealed characteristic "bird beak" sign. Surgery was performed resecting the involved colon of splenic flexure. The result was excellent.
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PMID:Volvulus of the splenic flexure of the colon. 800 3

A report is given about 462 cases (1989-1994) of abomasal displacement (RDA, n = 275) and abomasal volvulus (AV, n = 187) in cattle. The pathogenesis and the functional disturbances of abomasal hypotony, displacement, and volvulus are described. A right and dorsally displaced abomasum easily performs an additional rotation around a vertical axis. In 99% of all cases this rotation is performed to the left (counter-clockwise, seen from rear) and the duodenum twines round the abomasal fundus, where it is compressed and trapped between the abomasum and the omasum. The intestinal passage becomes obstructed. As long as the abomasal twist does not exceed 180 degrees, functional disturbances are caused mainly by a reduced abomasal outflow, resulting in dehydration and in disturbances of blood acid-base-balance (hypochloremic alcalosis). These cases have a very good prognosis (success of treatment 91.3%), when surgery is performed immediately. When the twist of the abomasum exceeds 180 degrees (abomasal volvulus), the twine gets more contracted, strangulating the abomasal nerves and blood vessels. Serious cases like this (n = 136) were treated successfully in 64.7%. When the abomasal volvulus is complicated by an omasal (RDAO, n = 31) or an omasal and reticular involvement (RDAOR, n = 20) the success of therapy decreases to about 40%.
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PMID:[Right displacement of the abomasum in cattle. 1. Pathogenesis, clinical course and prognosis]. 857 66

The gallbladder volvulus is a very rare but extremely dangerous event. Described for the first time by Wendel in 1898, it affects more frequently the female sex, particularly in old age. The clinical case of a patient affected by this pathology, personally observed, is presented and the initial symptoms, diagnostic procedures and surgical intervention are described in detail. The anatomical and physiological backgrounds that permit the gallbladder to twist on its axis are analysed and finally the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid the complications of a bilious peritonitis is underlined. In any case the definite diagnosis is made more frequently during surgical intervention. An early intervention allows a rapid resolution of the clinical picture preventing the perforation of the viscus into the peritoneal cavity and the complication of a bilious peritonitis besides the spreading of the biliary stones into the abdominal cavity.
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PMID:[Volvulus of the gallbladder]. 970 83

The mesentery and mesocolon are structures with suspensory functions of the small bowel and colon respectively. When they are involved by prominent fibroblastic proliferation tissue, this is know as retractile mesenteritis and retractile mesocolonitis. The retractile mesocolonitis is associated with sigmoid volvulus, and is a common finding in the rural areas of Puno (Peru). The common macroscopic appearance consists of a markedly thickened mesentery of rubbery consistency, and the retraction predisposing a twist of the bowel. The histologic features include fibrosis with massive accumulation of dense collagenous tissue. These lesions can be the expression of a reparative proccess that occurs in response to mesenteric injury of enteric bacteria (bacterial transiocation) or inflammatory response. Repeated attacks of bacterial colitis might lead to scarring of the mesocolon.
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PMID:[RETRACTILE MESOCOLONITIS: PATHOPHISIOLOGY AND COMPLICATIONS] 1227 43

The purpose of this study is to report the computed tomography (CT) features of cecal volvulus and to determine the accuracy of CT in distinguishing the three pathophysiological types of cecal volvulus. The CT studies of ten patients with surgically confirmed cecal volvulus were reviewed. For each patient, CT findings were looked for and recorded. The precise location of the cecum within the abdomen, the presence of an ileocecal twist, and the clockwise or counterclockwise direction of the whirl sign were specifically analyzed. All these results were confronted to the surgical diagnosis retrospectively correlated with the three types of cecal volvulus. According to our classification based on the analysis of the location of the cecum within the abdomen and the presence or the absence of a whirl sign on CT scans, the cecal volvulus was defined as the axial torsion type in four (40%) patients, loop type in four (40%) patients, and cecal bascule type in two (20%). For each patient, the result was in full accordance with the type of cecal volvulus diagnosed at surgery. CT is not only a valuable diagnostic technique in diagnosing cecal volvulus and its complications, but it is also useful in distinguishing the three pathophysiological types of cecal volvulus.
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PMID:Cecal volvulus: CT findings and correlation with pathophysiology. 1761 72

Intestinal malrotation has an incidence of 1 per 6000 live births. The most serious consequence of malrotation is volvulus. Midgut volvulus is a rare condition in which the small bowel and proximal colon twist around the superior mesenteric artery, leading to a high-grade proximal bowel obstruction and vascular compromise of the intestine, thereby leading to infarction of the involved intestine. Midgut volvulus rarely occurs antenatally and is usually not lethal in utero. There are only 7 cases of intrauterine fetal demise caused by midgut volvulus reported in the literature. We report a case of intrauterine fetal demise at 38 weeks of gestation, due to cardiovascular failure and shock from midgut volvulus. Non-specific abnormalities, including ascites and dilated bowel, had been seen on the antenatal ultrasound from the 15th week of gestation. In addition to the volvulus, the fetus had intestinal atresia and arthrogryposis.
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PMID:Midgut volvulus causing fetal demise in utero. 1880 Feb 65

Caecal volvulus is the axial twist of the caecum, ascending colon and terminal ileum around the mesenteric pedicle. This infrequently encountered clinical entity is responsible for 1-1.5% of all intestinal obstruction with a mortality of 10-40% depending on the presence of colon viability or intestinal gangrene. Many factors have been referred as correlated to caecal volvulus development, mainly anatomical predisposition and previous abdominal operations. Pre-operative diagnosis plays an important role in the management of such patients. Unfortunately, clinical signs, symptoms and laboratory tests are never specific enough to lead to a prompt diagnosis. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography may allow a diagnosis if typical signs are present. However, up to 30% of patients do not show these radiographic peculiarities, making the diagnosis difficult or impossible. Moreover, the low incidence of this disease is often responsible of a wrong or imprecise diagnosis, especially for radiologists who work with low volume of patients. We report a case of a patient with caecal volvulus, in which laparotomy was unavoidable to reach a diagnosis.
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PMID:Is laparotomy the unavoidable step to diagnose caecal volvulus? 2052 67

Congenital volvulus is a life-threatening condition, both for the fetus and for the newborn. A volvulus is a twist of small bowel loops or a proximal part of the colon around the mesenteric artery or its branches. The potential consequences of volvulus are ileus and necrosis of the intestinal wall. Prenatal diagnosis of midgut volvulus is difficult. It should be suspected antenatally when polyhydramnios, intestinal dilatation, ascites and/or signs of fetal anemia are present on ultrasound assessment. We report a case of a congenital midgut volvulus associated with fetal anemia. The fetal ultrasound performed at 32 weeks' gestation showed a polyhydramnios, hydrothorax, thick ascites accumulation around the liver and the suspicion of a dilated bowel loop. Additionally, Doppler examination showed an increased value of peak systolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery. Cordocentesis confirmed significant fetal anemia. At 34 weeks, because of the suspicion of idiopathic meconium ileus and secondary anemia, a Cesarean section was performed after the administration of steroids. During the laparatomy, performed postnatally, a midgut volvulus was diagnosed. The affected portion of the ileum was resected and end-to-end anastomosis performed. An antenatal diagnosis of midgut volvulus should be considered when signs of fetal anemia, including an increased value of peak systolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery, are present with polyhydramnios, fetal ascites, dilated bowel loops on antenatal ultrasound. An assessment of the fetal hemodynamic status should be a part of the ultrasound assessment for patients with nonspecific fetal bowel pathologies, including congenital volvulus.
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PMID:Congenital midgut volvulus associated with fetal anemia. 2061 22

Although volvulus of a gastric pull-up may acutely result from iatrogenic twist at the time of gastric transposition, we have recently encountered a patient in whom a gastric volvulus developed in the late postoperative period, resulting in gastric outlet obstruction. The perioperative evaluation and operative management are discussed.
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PMID:Late volvulus of an intrathoracic gastric pull-up. 2249 98


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