Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of the apathogenic filaria Mansonella perstans was studied in four parishes in western Uganda as part of an onchocerciasis control programme to avoid futile treatment. Blood samples from 1543 persons aged over 14 years from 19 villages were examined for the presence of microfilariae using a modified Knott method. The prevalence of microfilaraemic persons ranged between the parishes from 39% (95% CI 35.9-42.0%) to 81% (95% CI 76.2-84.8%). With exception of single microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus no other filaria species was detected. Onchocerciasis mass treatment campaigns did not reduce the prevalence of M. perstans infection, since 6-12 months after treatment with a single dose of 150 micrograms/kg ivermectin the prevalence in 124 persons was about the same as before treatment. The QBC-fluorescence technique was employed for the detection of microfilariae in samples from outpatients of the government hospital in Fort Portal: in 16% of 120 children and 24% of 369 adults microfilariae of M. perstans were detected.
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PMID:Prevalence of Mansonella perstans in western Uganda and its detection using the QBC-fluorescence method. 857 45

The Itwara focus of onchocerciasis covers an area of approximately 600 km(2) in western Uganda about 20 km north of Fort Portal. The vector is Simulium neavei, whose larvae and pupae live in a phoretic association on freshwater crabs. The phoretic host in the Itwara focus is the crab Potamonautes aloysiisabaudiae. Before any onchocerciasis control, ATPs were estimated to reach between 4500 and 6500 infective larvae per person per year. S. neavei was found to be a very efficient vector with 40% of parous flies harbouring developing larvae of Onchocerca volvulus. After 4 years of community-based distribution of ivermectin transmission was still considerable and in 1995 monthly treatment of streams with the larvicide temephos commenced in the first of three sub-foci, and was gradually extended to the whole focus. Biting S. neavei disappeared from the first sub-focus (Itwara main) in June 1996, and the last infested crab was caught in November 1996. In the second sub-focus (Siisa) treatment commenced towards the end of 1995, and the last biting fly was caught in March 1997, but a deterioration in the security situation interrupted the programme (after only three treatments in the third sub-focus). Monthly treatments restarted in the second and third sub-foci (Aswa) in September 1998, and when the situation was reassessed in 2003 no biting flies were found anywhere, and the flies had not reinvaded the first sub-focus, but infected crabs were found in the second and third sub-foci. The last treatments were carried out in April-June 2003, and since then no infested crabs have been found. In summary, no S. neavei-infested crabs have been found anywhere in the focus since June 2003 and the vector is considered eliminated from that date. However, transmission had already been halted since February 2001, when the last biting flies had been collected. The parasite reservoir should die out in the human population by 2016.
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PMID:The elimination of the vector Simulium neavei from the Itwara onchocerciasis focus in Uganda by ground larviciding. 1944 85

Gastric pneumatosis is an imaging finding defined as the presence of gas foci in the gastric wall. In humans, this imaging feature can result from one of two separate clinical entities: life-threatening emphysematous gastritis or clinically benign gastric emphysema. This retrospective case series study describes the clinical and imaging features in five animals diagnosed with spontaneous gastric pneumatosis without gastric dilatation-volvulus. Three canine and two feline cases of spontaneous gastric pneumatosis were identified on radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. In addition to gastric pneumatosis, one dog and two cats presented concomitant systemic signs such as lethargy, hematemesis, anemia, or leukocytosis. Two dogs remained asymptomatic or presented mild gastrointestinal signs. Portal gas was described in two dogs and one cat, and pneumoperitoneum in one dog. These features were not considered clinically significant. The dog and two cats with systemic signs were euthanized due to clinical deterioration and diagnosed with emphysematous gastritis. The gastric pneumatosis of both dogs without systemic signs resolved while on medical management without antibiotic therapy. These latter cases were interpreted as consistent with gastric emphysema. Findings from the current study indicated that gastric pneumatosis can occur without gastric dilatation-volvulus in cats and dogs and that a combination of clinical and imaging characteristics may help to differentiate between potentially life-threatening emphysematous gastritis and relatively benign gastric emphysema. More studies are needed to determine the etiology and risk factors associated with these conditions.
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PMID:Canine and feline emphysematous gastritis may be differentiated from gastric emphysema based on clinical and imaging characteristics: Five cases. 3141 74