Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To review the relevant literature on cytomegalovirus-(CMV-)related intestinal problems in neonates, supplemented by two own cases of volvulus, a PubMed search and separate additional searches with characterizing terms were performed. 46 hits were found, 15 of which had to be excluded because they did not report clinical cases, yielding a total of 47 infants. Symptoms in both preterm and term infants with proven postnatal infection (n=16) included abdominal distension, bloody diarrhoea, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) with perforation and intestinal stricture, with lethal outcome in 3 patients. Manifestations in congenital or unclearly allocated CMV-infections, including volvulus, were similar. We report on 2 additional cases with volvulus in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) with proven postnatal CMV-infection and concurrent detection of CMV positive cells within the resected intestinal stroma. As a conclusion volvulus should be added to other known intestinal manifestations of breastmilk (BM) related postnatal CMV disease in extremely preterm infants.
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PMID:Intestinal manifestations of postnatal and congenital cytomegalovirus infection in term and preterm infants. 2752 9

The incidence of the diverticulum of the small bowel varies from 0.2-1.3% in autopsy studies to 2.3% when assessed on enteroclysis. It occurs mostly in patients in the 6th decade of their life. Of all the small bowel diverticuli, jejunal diverticulum is the most common type. This rare entity is usually asymptomatic. However, they may cause chronic non-specific symptoms for a long period of time like dyspepsia, chronic postprandial pain, nausea, vomiting, borborgymi, alternating diarrhoea and constipation, weight loss, anaemia, steatorrhea or rarely lead to complications like haemorrhage, obstruction, perforation. Obstruction can be due to enterolith, adhesions, intussusception, and volvulus. The condition is difficult to diagnose because patients are generally presented with symptoms that mimic other diseases. It is important for clinicians to have awareness of this entity. Here, we present a case of multiple jejunal diverticuli with a history of repeated attacks of diverticulitis over past 20 years, which were misdiagnosed and now presented with intestinal obstruction due to volvulus of the involved segment along with mesentery around its axis. Resection of the diverticuli segment of jejunum was done with end-to-end jejuno-jejunal anastomosis. The patient is asymptomatic since 10 months of follow-up.
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PMID:Complicated Jejunal Diverticulosis: Small Bowel Volvulus with Obstruction. 2785 37

An acute sigmoid volvulus is due to the torsion of the sigmoid colon around its mesenteric axis. It mainly occurs in elderly patients and represents an abdominal emergency requiring urgent treatment. A 53-year-old male patient with severe craniocerebral injury and traumatic subarachnoidal bleeding 3 weeks prior presented on the ward with distended abdomen without abdominal pain, muscular defense, or resistances. He featured large volume diarrhea within the last few hours without signs of bleeding. A plain abdominal X-ray demonstrated a coffee bean sign indicating a sigmoid volvulus. A consequent CT scan of the abdomen revealed a deep outlet obstruction with massively dilated, elongated and twisted loop of the sigmoid colon and no signs of perforation. We performed emergency colonoscopy under the assumption of an acute sigmoid volvulus. After careful insertion of the endoscope completely refraining from insufflation of air or CO2, endoscopic reposition of the sigma could be achieved and a colonic drainage was placed over an inserted guide wire up to the proximal transverse colon. No relapse occurred and a diagnostic colonoscopy after 4 weeks revealed no tumor or polyps. Our report describes a classic case of acute sigmoid volvulus and undermines the potential of colonoscopy as conservative primary treatment of choice.
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PMID:A Symptomatic Coffee Bean: Acute Sigmoid Volvulus. 2862 82

A 9 mo old female intact English mastiff (case 1) presented for anorexia and vomiting for 7 days. A 7 mo old male castrated American bulldog (case 2) presented for vomiting and anorexia for 2 days without diarrhea. Both dogs were diagnosed with mesenteric volvulus based on exploratory laparotomy, which also revealed an intestinal foreign body obstruction. Case 1 required critical care support during recovery but was ultimately discharged, whereas case 2 had an uncomplicated recovery. Both were reported to be back to normal 1 wk after surgery. Case 1 survived 3 mo and then died due to a colonic torsion diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy. Case 2 has been reported to be completely normal more than 18 mo after surgery. These two cases illustrate that mesenteric volvulus can be present with a several-day history of gastrointestinal signs and that shock may be absent on presentation. This is also the first published report of mesenteric volvulus with a concurrent foreign body obstruction.
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PMID:Successful Surgical Correction of a Mesenteric Volvulus with Concurrent Foreign Body Obstruction in Two Puppies. 2889 28

Taenia saginata (T. saginata) is one of the most common cestode in human. We report a case of intestinal perforation caused due to T. saginata infection. The patient, 54-year-old female, had intermittent abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting on referral. Intestinal obstruction and perforation leading to necrosis, and volvulus due to an impacted tapeworm was observed. Histopathological examinations showed acute inflammation with mucosal ulceration, and luminal exudates accompanied by an elongated and flattened segment of the helminth. Taenia infections should be considered in differential diagnosis of peritonitis and gastrointestinal tumors, particularly in endemic countries including Iran.
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PMID:Intestinal perforation and peritonitis due to Taenia saginata: A case report from Iran. 2927 85

Cases of colonic volvulus in children are infrequently described in the literature. Here we describe the case of three patients with colonic volvulus. The first patient was a 10-year-old girl with abdominal dilation and pain and no bowel movement for 48 h. Her abdominal X-ray showed the coffee bean sign adjacent to the diaphragm, which was compatible with a diagnosis of cecal volvulus. The second patient was a 4-year-old boy with a history of chronic constipation during the past year and with no bowel movement for 24 h. Clinical manifestations included severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. His abdominal X-ray demonstrated the coffee bean sign in the right upper quadrant with upward convexity corresponding to a diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus. The third patient was a 10-month-old male who presented with excessive crying, malnutrition, and no bowel movement for 36 h. His abdominal X-ray demonstrated the coffee bean sign in the left upper quadrant with upward convexity. The presence of gas was not observed in the distal obstructed region, corresponding to a diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus. All three patients successfully underwent colonoscopy for volvulus reduction. Volvulus did not reoccur in any of the patients within 6 months of follow-up. It is recommended to perform abdominal X-ray imaging in patients who present with abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, or constipation for possibly diagnosing volvulus.
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PMID:Colonoscopic decompression of childhood sigmoid and cecal volvulus. 2974 31

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare disease, manifesting with secretory diarrhea and life-threatening electrolyte imbalance during infancy. The early diagnosis of CCD is therefore necessary for the adequate treatment. The long-term prognosis of properly managed CCD is favorable. We present a case of complicated CCD with necrotizing enterocolitis. The child was born to nonconsanguineous parents of Lithuanian origin. CCD was suspected due to watery diarrhea, progressive hypochloremia, and high fecal chlorides. Despite oral electrolytes being prescribed, volvulus of small intestine developed requiring several surgical interventions. The clinical diagnosis of CCD was confirmed by molecular genetic testing of SLC26A3 , which revealed two Polish founder mutations in the DNA of the patient. The prevalence of CCD in Lithuanian neighbor Poland is approximately 1 in 200,000 live births. This is the first described case of CCD in Lithuania to our knowledge, leading to the suggestion that this disease may be underdiagnosed.
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PMID:Case Report on a Rare Disease in Lithuania: Congenital Chloride Diarrhea. 3077 50

Short bowel syndrome in adults occurs as a result of massive small intestinal resection commonly due to severe Crohn's disease, volvulus or tumors. Diarrhea and weight loss are hallmarks of malabsorption which are aggravated if the colon is removed along with the small intestinal resection. Enteral nutrition autonomy is difficult to achieve in such cases of malabsorption where parenteral nutrition are required more often than not. We report a case of short bowel syndrome with severe malabsorption following extensive small bowel removal. The patient eventually underwent intestinal rehabilitation surgery and achieved independence from parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Jejunal interposition for short bowel syndrome in a septuagenarian. 3099 9

Ischemic colitis (IC) associates with older age, hypertension, and heart disease, among others. Young-onset IC is rare. We aimed to delineate clinical characteristics of young patients (<40 years) with IC. Cases from 1984 to 2017 were re-reviewed. Of the 60 cases available, 52% (n = 31) had histologic features of IC. Fifty-five percent were female with a mean age of 32 (range = 14-40) years. Fifty-eight percent (n = 18) were resections. The most common presentations were diarrhea and abdominal pain. Three teenagers had IC associated with prior surgery, volvulus, and constipation. In the 21- to 40-year group, 43% (n = 12) lacked clinical associations. A second subset (n = 6, 21%) had histories of immune dysregulation (lupus, dermatomyositis, vasculitis) and poorly controlled HIV/AIDS (n = 5, 18%). Smoking and cocaine were endorsed by 1 and 2 patients, respectively. One patient had premature atherosclerosis while another had HMG Co-A lyase deficiency. Vasculitis was identified in 22% of the resections and in none of the biopsies. Nineteen percent of patients died (n = 6) from complications of IC, all treated surgically, including 1 patient previously misdiagnosed as ulcerative colitis; 2 patients died of unrelated causes. While rare before 20 years of age, IC in teenagers relates to mechanical issues and is rare in children. Associations in young adults include immune dysregulation, cocaine and cigarette use, and premature atherosclerosis. Our retrospective cohort had a surgical mortality rate within the range reported by others, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis in young individuals.
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PMID:Young-Onset Ischemic Colitis: A Condition of Elusive Etiology Frequently Associated With Immune Dysregulation. 3187 Feb 9

Background: Osimertinib is a 3rd-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that blocks the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with EGFR mutations. While gastrointestinal complications such as diarrhea have been reported with EGFR inhibitors (due to off-target interactions with EGFR receptors within the gut lining), cecal volvulus is an extremely rare complication in advanced malignancy. To date, there are no reported cases associating cecal volvulus with any EGFR TKIs. Case Presentation: In this case series, we present three cases of cecal volvulus among patients with EGFR-positive NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib dosed at double the standard 80 mg dose (160 mg daily). No patient was receiving concurrent chemotherapy or bevacizumab at the time of this described complication. In two cases where pathology was available for review, peritoneal carcinomatosis or intra-abdominal spread was not observed. In a retrospective evaluation of 101 patients treated with osimertinib in our institution, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of cecal volvulus among patients receiving osimertinib at 160 mg vs. patients receiving the 80 mg dose (27 vs. 0%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: To our knowledge, these are the first cases to highlight a potentially important and serious gastrointestinal complication associated with the 160 mg dose of osimertinib.
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PMID:Cecal Volvulus as a Rare Complication of Osimertinib Dosed at 160 mg in Patients With EGFR-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. 3235 92


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