Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chilaiditi's sign is a radiographic term used when the hepatic flexure of the colon is seen interposed between the liver and right hemidiaphragm. When symptomatic, this is Chilaiditi's syndrome. We report a case of Chilaiditi's syndrome associated with transverse colon volvulus. A 64-yr-old male presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. Barium enema demonstrated complete colonic obstruction, leading to operative decompression and right hemicolectomy. This is the second case in the English literature of transverse colon volvulus associated with Chilaiditi's syndrome. Colonic elongation and laxity of colonic and hepatic suspensory ligaments are the principal predisposing factors to these two entities.
 ...
PMID:Transverse colon volvulus and associated Chilaiditi's syndrome: case report and literature review. 894 99

A study of one hundred and forty-two patients with acute intestinal obstruction over a period of ten years (January 1985-December 1994) at Wesley Guild Hospital was undertaken to determine the pattern and outcome of this problem in a tropical African population. There was a preponderance of males over females; ratio 1.7:1. Mean age was 33 years and over half of the patients were aged between two and 30 years. There was a second peak age incidence among elderly patients between 50-80 years. Abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation were common symptoms, while abdominal distension and tenderness were common clinical findings. Intraperitoneal adhesions were responsible in 41.5%; there was associated intestinal volvulus in 25.4% of the cases of intraperitoneal adhesions. In 16.9%, strangulated external hernia was responsible for acute intestinal obstruction. Small intestinal volvulus was encountered in 20 cases (14.1%) and associated with adhesion in 75% of the cases. Intussusception occurred in 14.1% of cases of which 70% of the patients were below the age of 15 years. In 15 (10.6%) patients, there were volvulus of the sigmoid colon, with 80% (12 patients) having gangrenous bowel segments. Ascaris were responsible in 3.5% of the patients and large bowel tumour in 2.8%. Other rare causes were internal hernia and ileal pseudo obstruction. Adhesiolysis and intestinal resection were the commonest operative procedures. Common complications were wound infection in 16.2%, postoperative fever in 10.6% and chest infection in 9.1%. A mortality rate of 8.4% was recorded.
 ...
PMID:Changing pattern of acute intestinal obstruction in a tropical African population. 899 63

Sigmoid volvulus is an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction in children. We report two cases of sigmoid volvulus as a complication of segmental dilatation of the colon occurring in two girls (5 years old and 9 years old) previously treated for chronic constipation. In both cases the constipation had been recognised since the neonatal period mimicking a Hirschsprung's disease, a diagnosis which has been excluded after rectal biopsy. The delayed diagnosis of segmental dilatation of the sigmoid colon followed the volvulus. Segmental colonic resection resulted in both cases in the cure of the constipation.
 ...
PMID:Volvulus of the sigmoid colon as a complication of segmental dilatation of the colon. Report of 2 cases. 900 77

Acute and chronic constipation are common conditions. In most instances, a thorough history and digital rectal examination provide sufficient information to begin treatment. Occasionally, imaging studies can be useful to confirm the presence of a suspected abnormality. The acute onset of constipation suggests colonic obstruction. Plain abdominal radiographs may be sufficient to determine the level and cause of the obstruction, such as sigmoid or cecal volvulus. Barium enema radiographic examination or colonoscopy may also be useful to detect the cause of obstruction. In patients with chronic constipation, plain abdominal radiographs can be used to show the extent of fecal impaction. Colonic transit time can be assessed on serial abdominal radiographs after the patient has ingested radiopaque markers. Evacuation proctography can be used to diagnose a variety of functional disorders of the rectum and anus, such as rectocele, intussusception and abnormal perineum floor descent.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of constipation in adults. 926 31

Exploratory celiotomy of an 18-mo-old female ostrich (Struthio camelus) with anorexia, lethargy, and constipation of 5 days' duration showed mesenteric volvulus and a focal narrowing of the rectum approximately 28 cm cranial to the cloaca. The prognosis was poor and the animal was euthanized. Necropsy revealed a fibrinonecrotic proctitis and a 3-cm-long circumferential stricture of the rectum. Histologically, the rectal wall at the stricture was deeply effaced by fibrovascular connective tissue with vascular thrombosis and necrotizing vasculitis, and it resembled the lesions in feeder pigs with fibrinonecrotic colitis.
 ...
PMID:Rectal stricture in an ostrich (Struthio camelus). 980 11

The motility disorders in patients with slow-transit constipation have been attributed to a disturbance in the peptidergic innervation of the colonic enteric nervous system. The nature of this disturbance is, however, controversial. In the present study 7 patients with long-standing severe slow- transit constipation were included, and normal tissues from the colon of 6 patients, which had undergone colonectomy because of polyp, chronic diverticulitis, prolapsis and volvulus were used as controls. The concentrations of several neuroendocrine peptides were measured in tissue extracts by radioimmuno-assays. The level of pancreatic polypeptide was high in 2 patients and low in one patient. Peptide YY level was high in 3 patients and low in one patient, and that of neuropeptide Y was high in 4 patients. Somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels were high in 3 patients and substance P concentration was low in 3 patients. Neurotensin level was high in one patient and low in another patient. Galanin concentration was low in 2 patients and high in one patient. Gastrin-releasing peptide level was high in one patient and that of enkephalin was high in 2 patients. All patients had altered concentrations of several neuroendocrine peptides except one, who had only a low level of galanin. It is concluded that patients with slow-transit constipation have disturbed neuroendocrine peptides in common, though the nature of this disturbance varies between patients and in most patients several neuroendocrine peptides were affected. This may explain the controversial results obtained in previous studies.
 ...
PMID:Colonic neuroendocrine peptide levels in patients with chronic idiopathic slow transit constipation. 1005 11

Pneumatosis intestinalis is defined as the presence of gas within the bowel wall. Small bowel pneumatosis is less commonly reported and more severe than colonic disease in adults. Pneumatosis coli is characterised by multiple collections of encysted gas occurring within the sub-mucosa and subserosa of the colon and rectum. It is an uncommon condition which typically presents in late middle age and has been associated with a number of gastrointestinal (e.g. pyloric stenosis, sigmoid volvulus and ischaemic bowel) and non-gastrointestinal (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and multiple sclerosis) diseases. Some cases, however, are idiopathic or primary. Symptoms can include diarrhoea, constipation, mucus per rectum, bleeding, flatus, abdominal pain and, rarely, faecal incontinence. We report on two patients, one of whom presented with faecal incontinence, the other who had troublesome lower gastrointestinal symptoms including faecal incontinence. Both responded well to continuous oxygen therapy.
 ...
PMID:Pneumatosis coli: an uncommon but treatable cause of faecal incontinence. 1062 93

A case of transverse and sigmoid-colon volvulus and a discussion of the probable mechanism of large-bowel volvulus (LBV) in children and its management is presented. A 5-year-old male with cerebral palsy presented with transverse-colon and subsequently sigmoid volvulus. The child underwent resection of the involved segments with primary colocolic and colorectal anastomosis, respectively. The recovery was uneventful. LBV in children is due to congenital anomalous or absent ligamentous fixation of the colon. Constipation is probably the result of the volvulus. Resection of the involved segment and primary anastomosis is the definitive treatment.
 ...
PMID:Volvulus of the transverse and sigmoid colon. 1105 59

Sigmoid volvulus occurring concomitantly with megacolon is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction, and various approaches to treatment have been proposed. We report herein a case of sigmoid volvulus with megacolon that was successfully treated by elective surgery following endoscopic reduction during the same hospital stay. A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain, distension, and severe constipation. Physical examination, plain abdominal X-ray, and barium enema confirmed a sigmoid volvulus and further examinations revealed concomitant megacolon. An elective sigmoid colectomy was performed following successful endoscopic decompression. The postoperative course was uneventful and there was no residual colonic dysmotility. Histologically, no aganglionic tissue was observed in the resected specimen.
 ...
PMID:Surgical treatment of a sigmoid volvulus associated with megacolon: report of a case. 1119 46

A 4-year-old boy presented with vomiting, abdominal pain and a visible swelling on the left side of the upper abdomen. He had been generally unwell for a week, and had been suffering from constipation for a longer period of time. Radiological examination revealed a large space containing air and fluid in the left side of the upper abdomen and the chest region. During surgery, gastric volvulus and an elevated diaphragm were found. Plication of the diaphragm was performed, and the intra-abdominal organs were replaced in their correct positions. Patient recovered well and remained without complaints. Diaphragm relaxation is rare, and can be either congenital or acquired. Unlike congenital diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragm relaxation is characterised by an elevated diaphragm which, although intact, is hypoplastic.
 ...
PMID:[Abdominal pain and vomiting: a 4-year old boy with relaxation of diaphragm]. 1152 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>