Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A suicidal 67-year-old woman with manic-depressive psychosis took an overdose of asprin, amitriptyline and diazepam. The initial effects were pyrexia, tachycardia, hyperpnea, metabolic acidosis, electrocardiographic changes, hypoprothrombinemia, gastritis, and pancreatitis. Four to six weeks later, she was examined because of persistent abdominal pain with mausea, anorexia anemia, and possibly a malabsorption syndrome. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. The surgeon found several previous adhesions, a small intestinal volvulus, and a nodular pancreas. This suggested previous perforation of the small bowel from enteritis, causing a "blind-loop" syndrone. The invilved section of the small bowel was resected. With appropriate treatment, the patient is well three months after operation.
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PMID:Unusual abdominal complications of a suicidal overdose of analgesic and psychotropic drugs in an elderly patient. 61 54

Fifty-one children under the age of 10 years admitted to a general hospital in Trinidad had a confirmed diagnosis of malrotation of the intestines. This was the primary diagnosis in 20 cases. Analysis of the records of these 20 revealed that one-half were less than 1 month of age at first presentation. Vomiting was a universal complaint, and nearly two-thirds were malnourished. Disturbed bowel habit, anorexia and abdominal pain were also reported. In 30% (six of 20) there were signs of dehydration; an equal number had features of intestinal obstruction. Radiological investigation provided the diagnosis in all but one child, who underwent surgical exploration with a provisional diagnosis of appendicitis. Although a volvulus was found in 35% of cases, no resections were necessary. A high rate of morbidity and a mortality rate of 15% highlight the problems involved in the surgical care of young infants.
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PMID:Intestinal malrotation in Trinidad. 140 41

A syndrome presenting as gross abdominal distension and diagnosed as acquired megacolon was observed in five adult female long-tailed macaques. Gastrointestinal signs included diarrhea, mucus in the stool, anorexia, and failure to pass stool, with repeated episodes of extreme abdominal distension and accumulation of gas and feces in greatly enlarged colons. Medical management was unsuccessful. A partial colectomy with a standard end-to-end colonic anastomosis was performed to remove the section of distended colon in each animal. Histologically, affected colons had degeneration and fibrosis, primarily in the longitudinal layer of the lamina muscularis. Hemograms, serum chemistries, and histopathologic features were not diagnostic of a specific etiology for megacolon. Four of five animals had undergone at least one obstetrical surgery. Two of these had the first episode of colonic distension within 3 days postoperatively. Intra-abdominal adhesions were noted during exploratory surgery in all animals. Three of five had colonic volvulus observed during colectomy. Recovery post-colectomy was uneventful and animals remained free of clinical signs of megacolon.
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PMID:Partial colectomy for treating acquired megacolon in long-tailed macaques. 166 44

Two horses were presented with lethargy, weight loss, anorexia, and swelling of the limbs and ventral body wall. One horse, a 12-month-old American Paso Fino colt, also had acute abdominal pain. The other horse, a seven-month-old Tennessee Walking Horse (TWH) filly passed diarrheic stools during the initial examination. Each horse had low serum protein, neutropenia, and a normal packed cell volume (3.2 g/dl, 1300 cells/ul, and 38%, respectively, for the colt, and 2.4 g/dl, 696 cells/ul, and 44%, respectively for the filly). After intravenously administering plasma, the colt's PCV dropped to 23%, and the filly's dropped to 30%. During exploratory surgery, 3.5 and 2.0 meters of thickened terminal small intestine were removed from the colt and filly respectively, and a jejunocecostomy performed. The results of histologic examination of resected intestine were consistent with a diagnosis of equine granulomatous enteritis (EGE). Both horses showed clinical improvement within two days after surgery. The colt developed a neutrophilia (20,500 cells/ul) within 24 hours of surgery. Serum protein concentrations remained stable and gradually elevated to normal or near normal values of 7.0 g/dl (colt) and 5.8 g/dl (filly) by two weeks. The colt was killed four months after surgery because of signs of abdominal pain. Postmortem examination revealed a small intestinal volvulus associated with an adhesion. The TWH filly remains clinically normal 13 months after surgery.
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PMID:Effect of intestinal resection on two juvenile horses with granulomatous enteritis. 236 25

The authors present one case of intestinal obstruction by volvulus of the cecum. The patient had abdominal pain for 4 days. This pain was colicky in nature and of greatest in density in the left iliac fossa. He was nauseated, had anorexia, and had been vomiting. Abdominal distension was present. Plain-roentgenogram of the abdomen showed an enormously distended gas-filled intestinal loop in the upper abdomen just to the left of midline. At surgery there was volvulus of the cecum located in the upper abdomen to the left of midline. The cecum was viable and was relocated in the right lower quadrant and secured to the antero-lateral abdominal wall (cecopexy). The patient made a good postoperative recovery.
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PMID:[Volvulus of the cecum. A case report]. 260 86

Antimonial preparations (Pentostam, Neostibosan, stibophen, and tartar emetic) have occasionally been used in the treatment of onchocerciasis without very promising results. The advent of the preparations TWSb (stibocaptate) and MSbE (Friedheim) of allegedly reduced toxicity made it desirable to test them against Onchocerca volvulus.The action of both preparations on the parasites was found to vary from one patient to another, ranging from complete elimination of all parasites in a few cases to no detectable action in others. A microfilaricidal action was detectable in many patients, particularly after treatment with TWSb, which was used at higher doses than MSbE. A lethal or sterilizing action on some or all adult female worms was observed in some patients. However, toxic reactions to the drugs were common and distressing, and often it was necessary to stop treatment on this account. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and prostration were the most common manifestations, and there was one fatality from coincident yellow fever, which may well have been aggravated by antimony treatment.The uncertain action of these preparations on O. volvulus and the toxic manifestations that accompany their use render them unsuitable for the treatment of onchocerciasis, and it is probable that the effects of antimony on O. volvulus are produced only at or above the normal level of human tolerance.
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PMID:The effects of drugs on Onchocerca volvulus. 2. The antimonial preparations TWSb and MSbE. 488 Oct 67

Medical records of 35 cattle with small-intestinal volvulus were reviewed. Surgical correction was performed on 32 cattle, and 17 of these cattle were discharged from the hospital. Mean duration of clinical signs for survivors was not significantly different from that for nonsurvivors, and the most commonly recorded clinical signs were abdominal pain, anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distention, and dehydration. Physical examination of cattle with intestinal volvulus revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, and normothermia. Rectal examination findings included distended small intestine, scant feces or mucus, and tight bands coursing dorsoventrally in the middle portion of the abdomen. Clinicopathologic testing revealed azotemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and leukocytosis with a left shift. Nonsurvivors had significantly lower mean preoperative venous blood pH and mean base excess and higher mean serum potassium concentration than did survivors. A diagnosis of volvulus of the entire small intestine was made during surgery in 25 cattle, whereas volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum was diagnosed during surgery in 7 cattle. Survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the entire small intestine (44%) was not significantly different from survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum (86%). However, survival rate for dairy cattle (63%) was significantly higher than survival rate for beef cattle (22%). To determine potential risk factors for the development of small-intestinal volvulus, epidemiologic data from cattle admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals throughout North America were collected by searching records entered into the Veterinary Medical Data Base.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Small-intestinal volvulus in cattle: 35 cases (1967-1992). 824 69

Four horses were evaluated for clinical signs consistent with small intestinal disease. During exploratory surgery, primary hematomas in the mesentery were found in 2 horses. The third horse developed a hematoma secondary to a mesenteric rent, whereas in the fourth horse, a hematoma developed secondary to strangulation of the bowel by a mesenteric lipoma. Two horses were euthanatized at surgery, because the extensive nature of the hematoma precluded ligation and there was substantial risk of continued hemorrhage postoperatively. The remaining horses recovered from surgery but developed complications. One horse developed functional ileus and required a second surgery to decompress the bowel, whereas the second horse eventually was euthanatized for severe, recurrent signs of colic. Clinical signs and management of small intestinal lesions related to volvulus, epiploic entrapment, intramural hematoma, mesenteric rent, and intussuception have been described. To our knowledge, reports of small intestinal infarctions secondary to hematomas in the mesentery have not been published. Primary hematomas in the mesentery should be included in the differential diagnoses for horses examined for signs of depression, anorexia, and progressive signs of colic.
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PMID:Acute small intestinal injury associated with hematomas in the mesentery of four horses. 887 Jul 45

Exploratory celiotomy of an 18-mo-old female ostrich (Struthio camelus) with anorexia, lethargy, and constipation of 5 days' duration showed mesenteric volvulus and a focal narrowing of the rectum approximately 28 cm cranial to the cloaca. The prognosis was poor and the animal was euthanized. Necropsy revealed a fibrinonecrotic proctitis and a 3-cm-long circumferential stricture of the rectum. Histologically, the rectal wall at the stricture was deeply effaced by fibrovascular connective tissue with vascular thrombosis and necrotizing vasculitis, and it resembled the lesions in feeder pigs with fibrinonecrotic colitis.
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PMID:Rectal stricture in an ostrich (Struthio camelus). 980 11

A previously stranded 30-kg female green turtle (Chelonia mydas) was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Florida following a 2-mo history of anorexia, intermittent regurgitation, decreased fecal production, and positive buoyancy of the right side. Radiographs confirmed gaseous distension of bowel loops suggestive of intestinal obstruction. The coelom was surgically approached through a plastron osteotomy, and a 540 degrees volvulus of the small intestine was identified and derotated. An intestinal stricture was present at the site of the volvulus, and segments of bowel orad to the stricture were greatly distended. Following resection of abnormal bowel, the osteotomy was stabilized using self-tapping screws and figure-eight wire, and the defect was sealed with fiberglass cloth and fast-drying epoxy resin. A leiomyoma associated with the focal stricture was identified by histology. Appetite and defecation returned to normal. Six months after surgery, the turtle had regained normal buoyancy and showed no further clinical signs of gastrointestinal obstruction.
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PMID:Intestinal volvulus and stricture associated with a leiomyoma in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas). 1098 37


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