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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Meconium ileus is one of important causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Many patients respond well to nonsurgical management with enemas, however, few patients may develop complications in the postnatal period thus requiring urgent operation. A 2 day old newborn presented with clinical features of intestinal obstruction. There was a suspicion of meconium ileus. Contrast x-ray with gastrografin enema was suggestive of unused colon with beaded appearance. Patient had to be surgery as repeated enemas did not improve the condition and progressive abdominal distension occurred. At exploration twist of the dilated, meconium filled loop of small bowel found. De-twisting of the volvulus done and Bishop Koop ileostomy fashioned. Patient made an uneventful recovery. Stoma was closed six months later.
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PMID:Volvulus of small bowel in a case of simple meconium ileus. 2295 74

We report Ogilvie's syndrome following posterior spinal arthrodesis on a patient with thoracic and lumbar scoliosis associated with intraspinal anomalies. Postoperative paralytic ileus can commonly complicate scoliosis surgery. Ogilvie's syndrome as a cause of abdominal distension and pain has not been reported following spinal deformity correction and can mimic post-surgical ileus. 12 year old female patient with double thoracic and lumbar scoliosis associated with Arnold-Chiari 1 malformation and syringomyelia. The patient underwent posterior spinal fusion from T4 to L3 with segmental pedicle screw instrumentation and autogenous iliac crest grafting. She developed abdominal distension and pain postoperatively and this deteriorated despite conservative management. Repeat ultrasounds and abdominal computer tomography scans ruled out mechanical obstruction. The clinical presentation and blood parameters excluded toxic megacolon and cecal volvulus. As the symptoms persisted, a laparotomy was performed on postoperative day 16, which demonstrated ragged tears of the colon and cecum. A right hemi-colectomy followed by ileocecal anastomosis was required. The pathological examination of surgical specimens excluded inflammatory bowel disease and vascular abnormalities. The patient made a good recovery following bowel surgery and at latest followup 3.2 years later she had no abdominal complaints and an excellent scoliosis correction. Ogilvie's syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of postoperative ileus in patients developing prolonged unexplained abdominal distension and pain after scoliosis correction. Early diagnosis and instigation of conservative management can prevent major morbidity and mortality due to bowel ischemia and perforation.
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PMID:Ogilvie's syndrome following posterior spinal arthrodesis for scoliosis. 2396 Feb 87

Biliary complications have great importance for liver transplant recipients because of affecting long-term prognosis. In rare situations, an internal hernia of the Roux-en-Y loop cause graft injury. A 42-year-old woman with a history of living donor liver transplantation 6 years ago presented with prolonged graft injury during the past 6 months. She suddenly developed ileus of the small bowel with internal hernia through the defect of the mesentery around the Roux-en-Y limb of the hepaticojejunostomy. Emergent surgery was performed to reduce the hernia and volvulus; also the mesenteric rent was closed with interrupted suture of silk. Internal hernia of the small bowel after liver transplantation is rare but causes graft injury due to associated biliary complications and rapid deterioration of patient's condition.
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PMID:Internal hernia in a liver transplant recipien: a case report. 2415 11

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is a common emergency condition in large and giant breed dogs that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Dogs with GDV classically fulfill the criteria for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and can go on to develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Previously reported organ dysfunctions in dogs with GDV include cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, coagulation and renal dysfunction. Cardiovascular manifestations of GDV include shock, cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction. Respiratory dysfunction is also multifactorial, with contributory factors including decreased respiratory excursion due to gastric dilatation, decreased pulmonary perfusion and aspiration pneumonia. Gastrointestinal dysfunction includes gastric necrosis and post-operative gastrointestinal upset such as regurgitation, vomiting, and ileus. Coagulation dysfunction is another common feature of MODS in dogs with GDV. Disseminated intravascular coagulation can occur, putting them at risk of complications associated with thrombosis in the early hypercoagulable state and hemorrhage in the subsequent hypocoagulable state. Acute kidney injury, acid-base and electrolyte disturbances are also reported in dogs with GDV. Understanding the potential for systemic effects of GDV allows the clinician to monitor patients astutely and detect such complications early, facilitating early intervention to maximize the chance of successful management.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and systemic effects of gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs. 2549 23

Volvulus in pregnancy is rare and difficult to diagnose. Delayed diagnosis would result in high maternal and fetal mortality. Here we present an unusual case of small bowel volvulus in late pregnancy timely managed by emergency Cesarean section and derotation with excellent maternal and fetal outcomes. Volvulus should be considered in patients complaining ongoing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation even diarrhea. Imaging is essential for early and precise diagnosis, including plain abdominal film, MRI and/or ultrasound. Once highly suspected or diagnosed of volvulus or ileus, emergency laparotomy should be performed immediately to avoid catastrophic outcomes, because the maternal and fetal prognosis is dependent on the interval from volvulus to operation apart from the degree of volvulus.
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PMID:Small bowel volvulus in mid and late pregnancy: can early diagnosis be established to avoid catastrophic outcomes? 2555 Sep 84

In children with no prior history of abdominal surgery and no signs of intussusception or incarcerated inguinal hernia, mechanical ileus may have a congenital cause such as malrotation with volvulus or a persistent omphalomesenteric duct. Acquired causes include sigmoid volvulus. We present two cases of mechanical ileus in children. The first case involved a 6-year-old boy who presented with acute abdominal pain and vomiting. An emergency laparotomy was performed, with resection of the omphalomesenteric duct. Recovery was uneventful. The other case concerned a 9-year-old boy who presented with increasing abdominal pain, bilious vomiting and general clinical deterioration. An emergency laparotomy was performed, revealing malrotation with volvulus and intestinal ischaemia. Children with no prior abdominal history who present with symptoms that may be caused by mechanical obstruction should be managed with a view to surgery and without delay, in order to prevent a catastrophic outcome resulting from a congenital or acquired mechanical obstruction.
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PMID:[Mechanical ileus in children with no prior history of abdominal surgery]. 2644 12

An 81-year-old man was admitted with an infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He also had clinical and radiological features suggestive of ileus. On day 6 after admission, he developed generalised abdominal pain. Urgent computed tomography of the abdomen showed presence of portovenous gas and dilated small bowel with pneumatosis intestinalis and whirl sign. Emergency laparotomy was performed, which showed a 7-mm perforated ulcer over the first part of the duodenum and small bowel volvulus. Omental patch repair and reduction of small bowel volvulus were performed. No bowel resection was required. The patient had a favourable outcome. Clinicians should suspect small bowel volvulus as a cause of ischaemic bowel. Presence of portovenous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis are normally considered to be signs of frank ischaemic bowel. The absence of bowel ischaemia at laparotomy in this patient shows that this is not necessarily the case and prompt surgical treatment could potentially save the bowels and lives of these patients.
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PMID:A lucky and reversible cause of 'ischaemic bowel'. 2649 80

Cecal volvulus is characterized by torsion of the cecum around its own mesentery. However, cecal volvulus rarely develops soon after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We report on a case of cecal volvulus that developed in a 54-year-old women 1 day after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was successfully treated via colonoscopic decompression. The symptoms gradually improved in conjunction with recovery from postoperative ileus. Whether the incidence of volvulus has increased with the use of laparoscopic procedures, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, has yet to be determined. Considering the current trend toward minimally invasive surgery, cecal volvulus should be considered in patients who have postoperative abdominal pain and distention.
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PMID:Cecal Volvulus Following Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case Report. 2768 Apr 86

Sigmoid volvulus is one of the three most common causes of acute colonic obstruction. Predisposing factors include chronic constipation, adhesion from a prior abdominal surgery, and megacolon. However, concomitant presentation of volvulus of the sigmoid colon and rectal cancer is extremely rare. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with coexisting volvulus of the sigmoid colon and rectal cancer. The patient presented with abdominal distension and pain for 2 days. On computed tomography, the whole colon was dilated with gas and feces. A whirl sign with rotation of the inferior mesenteric vessel was identified. The rectum had irregular wall thickening. Colonoscopy showed a circumscribed, ulcerofungating mass approximately 6 cm from the anal verge. The sigmoid colon was obstructed at a point approximately 25 cm from the anal verge. The mucosa was hyperemic and edematous with the pathognomonic spiral pattern. Endoscopic reduction was not successful. On laparotomy, the sigmoid colon was rotated around its mesentery. It was severely distended with edematous, hyperemic serosa. A tumor of the rectum was identified in the mid-rectum. The patient underwent low anterior resection and protective ileostomy. Pathologic findings confirmed adenocarcinoma of the rectum. The postoperative course was complicated by an ileus, which was managed with conservative treatment.
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PMID:Volvulus of the Sigmoid Colon Associated With Rectal Cancer: A Case Report. 2778 89

Aim: To evaluate the results of the use of the T-tube ileostomy in neonatal intestinal surgery cases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of sixty two neonates underwent intestinal obstruction surgery by using T-tube ileostomy was conducted between January 1990 and January 2013.The pathologies of the intestinal obstruction were; thirty four of jejunoileal atresia cases, thirteen case meconium ileus, eight cases perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), three cases meconium peritonitis, three cases with bowel resection due to intestinal volvulus, and one case of gastroschisis. Results: Mean duration of T-tube placement was 13 days (range9-20days) and the sites of T-tube insertion closed spontaneously in 2 days (range 1-4 days). The mean duration for starting oral intake postoperatively in these patients was 9 days (6-16 days). All patients well tolerated the procedure and there were no serious complications related to the T-tube insertion. However, four patients died due to other reasons like sepsis, respiratory failure and prematurity. Conclusion: T-tube enterostomy is an effective and safe technique for treatment of selected cases of neonatal intestinal surgery. It showed less morbidity and mortality rates than the conventional stoma. Therefore, it is considered a helpful approach in cases where there is danger of hypoperistaltic dilated bowel proximal to the anastomosis.
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PMID:Use of T-Tube Enterostomy in Neonatal Gastro-intestinal Surgery. 2789 54


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