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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Therapeutic colonoscopy has replaced or lessened to a significant degree the need or extent of traditional open surgical procedures. The common uses of therapeutic colonoscopy are hemostasis, resection and ablation of benign and malignant disease, decompression and recanalization of obstructed or dilated bowel, as well as foreign body extraction. Bleeding from arteriovenous and other vascular abnormalities can be controlled with 40% to 80% success rates using endoscopically delivered, monopolar, bipolar, or laser coagulation. The palliation of bleeding recurrent or inoperable colorectal cancer is achieved in up to 90% of patients. Virtually all pedunculated adenomas and most sessile adenomas are regularly removed colonoscopically, while large and recurrent villous adenomas in high risk individuals can be successfully managed by endoscopically delivered laser ablation techniques. Emergency colonoscopic reduction of sigmoid volvulus is performed pre-operatively and decompression of the dilated colon of non-obstructive colonic ileus is now regularly achieved. Colonic strictures have been dilated with a variety of techniques ranging from divulsion with through-the-scope balloon dilators to laser recanalization. Pre-operative endoscopic laser relief of tumor obstruction is employed to avoid preliminary or decompressing colostomy. Endoscopic laser debulking and recanalization of recurrent or inoperable cancer has been achieved with up to 80% success and various foreign bodies may be extracted from the colon with a number of endoscopic techniques. The morbidity of therapeutic colonoscopy has ranged from 1% to 2% for polypectomy to 11% for laser palliation of bleeding from advanced cancer, often with obstruction.
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PMID:Therapeutic colonoscopy. 145 73

Intestinal occlusion is a rare pathologic event during pregnancy occurring mostly in the second and third trimenon when increased volume of the uterus and the consequent displacement of abdominal organs cause complications of pathologies which would otherwise escape notice, such as intestinal adhesions, to become manifest. Diagnosis is difficult for a number of reasons. Vomiting during the first trimenon and mild abdominal pain during the third are often neglected or considered to be part of the normal course of pregnancy; pain is sometimes referred to atypical sites due to the displacement of abdominal organs; in other cases, the high endorphin tonus is apt to reduce the customary defence reaction. All this should not cause time to be lost, and whenever intestinal occlusion is suspected all the necessary diagnostic procedures must at once be carried out and appropriate therapy must speedily be started so as to reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity for mother and fetus. Management of ileus in pregnancy is identical to that for the non pregnant woman, except for the need to empty the uterus in cases in which it prevents treatment or if the fetus has reached a sufficient degree of pulmonary maturity. The paper describes a case of ileal volvulus and revisits the literature analyzing the diagnostic and therapeutic options suggested.
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PMID:[Intestinal volvulus in pregnancy]. 149 64

Meckel's diverticula have a prevalence of approx. 2% in the population. About 90% of them are clinically inapparent. Usual complications are a perforation of ectopic gastric mucosa (possibly with intestinal bleeding), an invagination and a volvulus. Etiology is normally revealed only by surgical exploration. Calculi are rarely found in Meckel's diverticula, males being afflicted much more often than females. The enterolith consists of calcified residues of food. Unexplained abdominal symptoms with an ileus situation should also be considered a Meckel's diverticulum containing enteroliths. This is especially so, if there are unidentified calcifications visible on the abdominal X-ray.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen caused by inflammation of a Meckel's diverticulum containing a stone]. 150 25

Meconium peritonitis is a chemical peritonitis usually resulting from antenatal bowel rupture. Prenatal ultrasound findings include ascites, intraabdominal masses, bowel dilatation and the development of intraabdominal calcifications [1-5]. The most common bowel disorders which lead to meconium peritonitis in utero are those resulting in bowel obstruction and perforation, such as small bowel atresias, volvulus and meconium ileus [1-5]. Meconium ileus is associated with cystic fibrosis in most cases, although extraluminal abdominal calcifications are usually scarce in cases of cystic fibrosis [1, 6]. Postnatal outcome for infants with meconium peritonitis depends on the etiology for bowel rupture and underlying disease.
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PMID:Fetal meconium peritonitis without sequelae. 152 51

Microcolon is a radiological finding of a colon of tiny caliber on barium enema examination. There are no absolute standards for measurement of this condition which is probably caused in utero by lack of appropriate distention of the colon with intramural content. A review was undertaken of 228 barium enema examinations of newborns admitted to Mackay Memorial hospital from January 1987 to December 1988. Twenty cases (8.7%) were regarded by the same radiologist as microcolon. Among them, ileal atresia was found in nine cases (45%); colonic atresia in two cases (10%); total colon agangliosis in three cases (15%); prenatal volvulus in two cases (10%); meconium ileus in two cases (10%); duplication of ileum in one case (5%): and megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistasis (MMIHS) in one case (5%). The characteristic features of plain abdomen and barium enema study were discussed. The finding of a microcolon on contrast enema study in newborn with lower gastrointestinal obstruction signifies that it may rise from lower gastrointestinal obstruction above colon, external compression, or motility disorder of the intestine itself. The outcome of microcolon seems to depend on its underlying causes. In those caused by obstruction, only the caliber may return to normal within days after removal of the obstruction.
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PMID:[Microcolon in newborns: clinical significance and differential diagnosis]. 177 39

The authors describe 11 cases of acute abdomen they observed during a two-year period mainly after abdominal operations. The male/female ratio was 6:5, the mean age 59 years with a range from 20 to 75 years. The mean period which had elapsed after the primary operation was 18.5 days. The authors describe four cases with ileus due to adhesions, three cases of volvulus of the small intestine, a stress ulcer, gangrenous appendicitis, acute cholecystitis and adnexitis. In general it is assumed that the most frequent acute abdomen during the post operative period is ileus due to adhesions, postoperative pancreatitis or stress ulcers are less frequent. Extremely rarely the cause of complaints is inflammatory acute abdomen of a different nature which is an unexpected finding during surgical revision. It is dangerous due to the atypical course and the fact that symptoms are masked by manifestations of the receding postoperative state. In the literature the aetiopathogenesis of such rare conditions is most frequently associated with impaired tissue perfusion due to an inadequate blood flow, general tissue hypoxia due to hypovolaemia, protracted postoperative shock, rigid vascular walls which are incapable of adequate reaction to acute deviations of circulatory demands. Despite this these conditions develop more rarely than corresponds to the coincidence of these general relatively frequent adverse factors. Severe immunosuppression is also observed much more frequently in surgical patients than these rare complications. The authors observed the incidence of these cases of acute abdomen at a ratio of 1:2000 which corresponds roughly to data in published work. Seeking the solution in immunity disorders does not explain this problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute abdomen as a postoperative complication]. 182 40

The most common cause of acute abdomen in a child is acute appendicitis followed by mesenteric lymphadenitis, invagination, strangulation-ileus as a result of volvulus and more rarely perforated Meckel's diverticulum. However even with a child, from a differential diagnosis' aspect, a gynaecological cause should be taken in account too. From time to time one comes across a polycystic-alterated, with twisted lig. ovarii, haemorrhagic and infarctioned ovary without any endocrinological or other pathological irregularities which produces these complaints and symptoms. In the following casuistic such an instance is described.
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PMID:[Pedicle torsion, hemorrhagic ovarian infarct. A rare cause of pediatric acute abdomen]. 192 84

Enteritis necroticans (EN), known as pigbel in Papua New Guinea (PNG), may be the important predisposing lesion to mid-gut volvulus, jejunal and ileal ileus and other forms of small bowel strangulation in communities where protein deprivation, poor food hygiene, epochal meat feasting and staple diets containing trypsin inhibitors co-exist. Such human habitats occur in Africa, Central and South America, western Pacific, Asian and south-east Asian cultures. Isolated outbreaks of necrotizing enteritis have been reported from Uganda, Malaysia and Indonesia but as yet no systematic epidemiological study of the prevalence of small bowel strangulations has been described in the surgical literature of 'third world' countries. Now that enteritis necroticans is preventable by vaccination, such studies should be undertaken. This paper outlines the story of pigbel and its control in PNG.
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PMID:The pigbel story of Papua New Guinea. 206 39

A 52-year-old man, suffering for years from malabsorption due to endemic sprue, developed progressive bowel dysfunction, ie, recurrent ileus and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Because of partial volvulus formation, ileocecal resection was performed. Histopathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed signs of advanced brown bowel syndrome, with excessive deposits of ceroid-lipofuscin in, and a considerable loss of, smooth-muscle cells and myofibrils. The patient died after surgery, and at autopsy a systemic ceroid lipofuscinosis of smooth-muscle cells was detected. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis was not observed. Serious and eventually fatal bowel dysfunction is rarely seen in brown bowel syndrome, but may occur in advanced stages. Since treatment with vitamin E appears to exert a favorable effect, early diagnosis of brown bowel syndrome seems to be very important.
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PMID:Fatal intestinal pseudo-obstruction in brown bowel syndrome. 229 70

Following an introductory review of the literature, the symptoms, diagnostic procedures and aetiology as well as treatment, long-term results and prognosis of the individual forms of ileus are described and discussed, based on the clinical histories of 704 patients with ileus of the small intestine. Whereas ileal obstipation and other forms of obstructive ileus were revealed to have a fair prognosis, a long-term cure could be achieved in only half of the patients with either a string foreign body, intussusception or an intestinal adhesion. The prognosis in cases of malignant intestinal tumours, intestinal adhesions resulting from intra-abdominal tumours and mesenteric volvulus was hopeless.
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PMID:[Small intestinal ileus in the dog and cat--catamnestic observations of 704 patients]. 234 67


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