Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Skin punch biopsies were performed in 54 selected patients with onchocerciasis participating in a clinical trial with amocarzine (CGP 6140) in Ecuador and Guatemala. Skin snipping for counting microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus was done before treatment (day 0) and day 4 and 8 following start of the therapy which consisted of 3 mg/kg amocarzine postprandially twice daily for three consecutive days. The mean microfilarial skin density has been reduced by 45% on day 4 and 95% on day 8. Skin punch biopsies were taken on day 5, within 1 cm from the snip site on the iliac crest. Histopathologic examination revealed that the vast majority of the microfilariae in the upper as well as in the deeper dermis were degenerated or necrotic, surrounded often (57%) by minute foci of fibrinoid change of the collagen. There was usually slight, less frequently moderate eosinophilic, lympho-plasmocytic and initial histocytic inflammatory reaction in the vicinity. Microfilariae were frequently (69%) found at the dermal-epidermal junction and in the epidermis. Occasionally (7%) intra-epidermal microabscesses were noted. Microfilariae were detected also in the lumen of some dermal lymphatic vessels. Therefore it is concluded that amocarzine showed marked microfilaricidal effects in the skin of patients with onchocerciasis as evidenced histologically by mainly destroyed or moribund microfilariae which induced a mild to moderate inflammatory cell reaction.
 ...
PMID:Microfilaricidal effect of amocarzine in skin punch biopsies of patients with onchocerciasis from Latin America. 180 Nov 56

Skin and ocular lesions were studied in murids Lemniscomys striatus L. infested by 2 isolates of Monanema spp, a rodent filaria with skin-dwelling microfilariae. Histologic examination disclosed microfilariae in lymphatic vessels. Penetration of microfilariae in extra-vascular tissues caused vascular changes, subacute inflammatory cells infiltration, granulomatous nodules and scarring lesions. These alterations corresponded to the successive stages of an inflammatory process. No correlation noted between tissular lesions, delay of filarial infestations and number of microfilariae in the "snip". The presence of lesions in one or several tissular areas demonstrated that extravascular escaping of microfilariae was not synchronous. Symptomatology of filariasis depended on the localization of the lesions. Similarities between the lesions noted in murids Lemniscomys striatus L. and those observed in man showed that the 2 isolates of Monanema spp. used in this study were very close to O. volvulus in the pathological domain. They might be considered as a valuable and reproducible experimental model.
 ...
PMID:[Anatomo-pathologic study of skin and ocular lesions in rodents infested by Monanema spp.: significance for the study of human onchocerciasis]. 381 17

7 new cases of cysts in the mesentery of the small bowel are presented, together with 54 clinically and histologically well documented cases from the literature. Most cysts are found in laparotomy for an acute abdomen. Almost half of the patients are under the age of 11 years. The cysts can be unilocular, multilocular or multiple. Cysts in the mesentery of the jejunum always had a chylous content. Most often the wall consists of an endothelial lining, smooth muscle, lymphatic tissue and lymphatic vessels. Inflammation and/or bleeding destroyed the endothelial lining and added granulation tissue to the histologic picture. With the exception of 7 cases, the cysts are probably of congenital and lymphatic origin. Trauma, infection, bleeding or volvulus can make a silent cyst manifest.
 ...
PMID:Mesenteric cysts. 728 55

Subcutaneous nodules and skin biopsy specimens obtained from the umbilical area of 6 onchocercal Bos indicus were collected in Cameroon and subjected to a histological examination. The nodules containing Onchocerca ochengi and Onchocerca dukei showed the same structure as Onchocerca volvulus nodules in man; they consisted of inflammatory pseudo-cysts often containing a female filaria. These pseudo-cysts were classified as "young", "active" and "old" depending on the inflammatory cellular component of their walls. The nodules were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule criss-crossed by vessels containing sections of microfilariae and morula in the vascular lumen. The skin, infected with microfilariae of these two species, of O. gutturosa and O. armillata, showed various dermatitis lesions with fibrosis, similar to those observed in patients with onchocerciasis. In most cases, inflammatory infiltrates surrounded the lymphatic capillaries along the blood vessels, giving rise to lymphangitis. The presence of microfilariae inside the granulomatous tissue demonstrates that microfilariae were deposited directly into the cystic lumen. Only the microfilariae which escaped the inflammatory reaction were able to penetrate the lymphatic vessels. They could then migrate into the lymphatic system and reach the superficial layer of the dermis. Bovine nodular onchocercomata represent an interesting model for human onchocerciasis.
 ...
PMID:[Subcutaneous nodules and cutaneous lesions caused by different Onchocerca in African cattle]. 799 98

Histo-pathological analysis of the eyes, ears, skin and associated skeletal muscles of the back of 14 animals infected with a filarioid worm with dermal microfilariae, Cercopithifilaria johnstoni: seven Rattus fuscipes, of which four were naturally infected, two marsupials, Perameles nasuta and Isodon macrourus, and five R. norvegicus. This filarioid nematode induces skin and eye lesions in all the infected animals. These lesions are similar to those described earlier with other filarioid species with dermal microfilariae, such as Monanema martini and Onchocerca volvulus; the pathogeny is similar: microfilariae live inside the lymphatic vessels and their accidental exit gives rise to a localized inflammatory reaction leading to fibrosis. C. johnstoni is particularly interesting because it may be adapted to the laboratory rat, and because the ocular lesions are severe.
 ...
PMID:Onchocerca-like lesions induced by the filarioid nematode Cercopithifilaria johnstoni, in its natural hosts and in the laboratory rat. 815 82

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (USG) is known to be a suitable tool for diagnosis in lymphatic filariasis as the adult filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti in scrotal lymphatic vessels of infected men can be detected by the characteristic pattern of movement, the Filaria Dance Sign. In onchocerciasis, moving adult worms have not yet been demonstrated by USG. In addition the verification of drug effects on living adult Onchocerca volvulus filariae in trials is hampered by the lack of tools for longitudinal observation of alterations induced by potentially macrofilaricidal drugs in vivo. The present study was carried out to determine the frequency of detection of moving adult filariae of O. volvulus by USG. METHODS: In an endemic region for onchocerciasis in Ghana, 61 patients infected with onchocerciasis were recruited by palpation and onchocercomas examined by USG using an ultrasound system equipped with a 7.5 - 10 MHz linear transducer. Onchocercomas were recorded on videotape and evaluated with regard to location, number and size, as well as to movements of adult filariae. RESULTS: In the 61 patients 303 onchocercomas were found by palpation and 401 onchocercomas were detected by USG. In 18 out of 61 patients (29.5%), altogether 22 nodules with moving adult O. volvulus filariae were detected and are presented in animated ultrasound images as mp-4 videos. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographical examinations of onchocercomas where living adult filariae can be displayed may serve as a new tool for the longitudinal observation in vivo of patients with onchocerciasis undergoing treatment and as an adjunct to histological evaluation.
 ...
PMID:Frequent detection of worm movements in onchocercal nodules by ultrasonography. 1578 3

Immunocytochemical examination of onchocercal nodule tissues containing adult Onchocerca volvulus using immuno-markers for blood and lymphatic vessels (vWF, D2-40, podoplanin, Prox-1, and Lyve1) shows a distinct pattern of distribution of these vessels within nodules. Blood vessels were commonly seen associated with organized lymphoid cellular aggregates in the both the outer and inner areas of the nodules. In contrast, the majority of the lymphatic vessel positivity was seen in the central zone in close apposition to the adult parasites, and the remainder usually associated with microfilariae in the outer areas of the nodule. These findings suggest an intimate relationship between adult O. volvulus and lymphatic vessels, including the likely proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (lymphangectasia) akin to that seen with other filariae. These findings indicate that adult O. volvulus may migrate via the lymphatic system, and that clinical manifestations of this disease that involve tissue edema may be the result of the location of these worms in the lymphatic system.
 ...
PMID:The association of adult Onchocerca volvulus with lymphatic vessels. 1980 43

Onchocerciasis, caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, is a parasitic disease leading to debilitating skin disease and blindness, with major economic and social consequences. The pathology of onchocerciasis is principally considered to be a consequence of long-standing host inflammatory responses. In onchocerciasis a subcutaneous nodule is formed around the female worms, the core of which is a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells in which microfilariae are released. It has been established that the formation of nodules is associated with angiogenesis. In this study, we show using specific markers of endothelium (CD31) and lymphatic endothelial cells (Lyve-1, Podoplanin) that not only angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis occurs within the nodule. 7% of the microfilariae could be found within the lymphatics, but none within blood vessels in these nodules, suggesting a possible route of migration for the larvae. The neovascularisation was associated with a particular pattern of angio/lymphangiogenic factors in nodules of onchocerciasis patients, characterized by the expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, VEGF-C, Angiopoietin-1 and Angiopoietin-2. Interestingly, a proportion of macrophages were found to be positive for Lyve-1 and some were integrated into the endothelium of the lymphatic vessels, revealing their plasticity in the nodular micro-environment. These results indicate that lymphatic as well as blood vascularization is induced around O. volvulus worms, either by the parasite itself, e.g. by the release of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors, or by consecutive host immune responses.
 ...
PMID:Lymphatic vascularisation and involvement of Lyve-1+ macrophages in the human onchocerca nodule. 2001 Oct 36

Mesenteric cystic lymphangioma (MCL) is an uncommon, benign, slow-growing abdominal tumor that is derived from the lymphatic vessels (World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:6328-6332, Radiographics. 1994;14:729-737). It is most often diagnosed in the head and neck of affected children. Rarely, a lymphangioma can develop within the small bowel (Pan Afr Med J. 2012;12:7). The clinical presentation of patients with an abdominal MCL can range from asymptomatic to acute abdominal pain (J Korean Surg Soc. 2012;83:102-106). We report a case of small bowel volvulus caused by an MCL in a 3-year-old child who presented to the pediatric emergency department with right lower quadrant pain. The child was thought to have a perforated appendicitis and was taken to the operating room where an MCL was identified and resected. This case illustrates the need to consider MCL when a patient presents to the emergency department with right lower quadrant pain.
 ...
PMID:When Fever, Leukocytosis, and Right Lower Quadrant Pain Is Not Appendicitis. 2887 70

An 80-year-old woman was brought to our hospital in an ambulance because of signs of peritoneal irritation. Computed tomography revealed volvulus, sigmoid colon dilation, and free air and pneumatosis within the colonic and bowel wall. An emergency laparotomy was performed after the diagnosis of colonic perforation associated with volvulus or pneumatosis. Numerous gas-filled cysts, up to 10mm in diameter, were located in the resected bowel wall. The cells at the inner lining of the cysts tested positive for D2-40 immunoreactivity, seemingly originating from the lymphatic vessels. In many cysts, KP-1 positive small mononuclear cells and/or foreign-body-type giant cells adhered to the D2-40 positive cells were observed. Fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was observed around the cysts. Contrary to the influential mechanical cause theory, in the present case, pneumatosis may have preceded volvulus, occurring as an idiopathic disease. Therefore, the lymphatic vessels were hypothesized to be associated with the pathogenesis of PCI.
 ...
PMID:[Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) with sigmoid volvulus:a case potentially associated with lymphatic vessels]. 2935 56


1