Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When faced with a patient with travel-associated dermatitis, clinicians often diagnose and treat for a suspected hypersensitivity reaction or infestation with an ectoparasite. We studied a small cluster of travelers from New York, NY, to the Moa River in Sierra Leone who developed dermatitis caused by Onchocerca volvulus. Our patients had relatively long stays in an endemic area and numerous bites by blackflies. Such patients represent a subset of travelers in whom dermatitis should prompt evaluation for onchocerciasis.
 ...
PMID:Onchocerciasis in New York City. The Moa-Manhattan connection. 804 92

The parasitic disease may be encountered as a surgical entity. A massive infestation by Ascaris can produce intestinal obstruction, resulting in the need of an immediate surgical response. We present a case of intestinal obstruction caused by Ascaris, with a secondary volvulus due to the bolus of worms.
 ...
PMID:[Ascaris volvulus]. 852 19

Epileptic seizures are frequent in neurocysticercosis and may occur during cerebral malaria. Findings are reported from a matched case-control study conducted in March 1996 in the savannah woodland region of northwest Central African Republic to determine whether any relation exists between Onchocerca volvulus infestation and epilepsy. About 70% of the study region's inhabitants are infested with O. volvulus. Each epileptic case was matched against 2 nonepileptic controls on the criteria of sex, age, residence, treatment with ivermectin, date of last ivermectin dose, and the number of ivermectin doses. Onchocerciasis was defined as at least 1 microfilaria observed in iliac crest skin snip biopsy. 187 cases and 374 controls were included in the study. 39.6% of the epileptics and 35.8% of the controls had onchocerciasis. The mean dermal microfilarial load was 26 microfilariae per mg of skin in the epileptics and 24 microfilariae per mg of skin in the controls. The relation between O. volvulus infestation and epilepsy was statistically nonsignificant.
 ...
PMID:Onchocerciasis and epilepsy: a matched case-control study in the Central African Republic. 1008 46

Vitamin A deficiency is known to be associated with immune dysfunction and common childhood infections. However, little is known about the relationship between vitamin A deficiency and onchocerciasis in children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and to investigate the relationship between vitamin A status and onchocerciasis. A total of 231 children, aged 6 to 15 years, were randomly selected between March 1995 and April 1996 at Yambassa and Balamba (central province of Cameroon). They were examined: we determined their vitamin A status and whether they had onchocerciasis. We diagnosed onchocerciasis by skin biopsy and the detection of antibodies against Onchocerca volvulus in the blood. We found that 101 of the 231 children examined (43.73%) had palpable nodules and/or microfilariae and the remaining 130 (56.27%) had been exposed to the parasite but had no clinical signs of infestation. Some children tested negative for skin microfilariae but positive by ELISA. Thus, 197 (85.28%) children were found to be infested with O. volvulus (group A) and the remaining 34 (14.72%) were found to have been exposed to the parasite but to have no clinical signs of onchocerciasis (group B). Plasma vitamin A concentrations were marginal, with concentrations below 0.7 mumol/l (20 mug/dl) recorded for 82.25% of the subjects. Children with onchocerciasis were more likely to have low vitamin A status. The mean plasma vitamin A concentration of infested children (0.52 +/- 0.14 mumol/l) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the children exposed but not infested. The parasite, O. volvulus, uses the vitamin A present in host tissues during its development, leading to a decrease in plasma retinol concentration.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of Onchocerca volvulus infestation on plasma vitamin A concentration in school children in a rural region of Cameroon]. 1047 3

Onchocerciasis is an infestation caused by the nematode, Onchocerca volvulus, and characterized by eye manifestations, skin lesions and troublesome itching. Although partially controlled by international mass treatment programs, onchocerciasis remains a major health hazard in endemic areas in Africa, Arabia, and the Americas. Onchocerciasis is spread by bites from infested blackflies which transmit larvae that subsequently develop into adult filariae. Skin findings are commonly non-specific, and include severe pruritus, acute and chronic dermatitis, vitiligo-like hypopigmentation and atrophy. Onchocercal ocular disease has a large spectrum of manifestations and may even lead to blindness. Diagnosis is usually made by direct visualization of the larvae emerging from superficial skin biopsies, "skin snips". In some cases, the microfilariae can also be directly observed with a slit lamp when they migrate into the anterior chamber of the eye. Ivermectin is highly microfilaricidal, and is the current drug of choice for both skin and ocular manifestations.
 ...
PMID:[Onchocerciasis]. 1275 35

Although infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides causes various intestinal complications, massive gastrointestinal bleeding is rare. The authors report on 2 infants who presented with massive hematemesis. In the first patient, a gastroduodenoscopy was performed. Roundworms were found adhering to an oozing duodenal ulcer. Duodenal perforation occurred after extraction of the parasites. The second case was hematemesis together with peritonitis. Exploration found volvulus and a gangrenous segment of the distal ileum. Both infants previously passed roundworms with their stool. The authors conclude that the intestinal ascariasis can be a cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in temperate and tropical countries.
 ...
PMID:Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in infants with ascariasis. 1461 30

A case of retinal hemorrhages with special features and degradation of the general condition is reported in a 27-year-old female patient, following the ingestion of ivermectin for the treatment of onchocerciasis. The patient was infested by both Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa. A bilateral peripheral temporal location of the retinal lesions was observed. The role of L. loa microfilarial load in the occurrence of the retinal lesions as well as the transient character of the lesions are discussed, based on the clinical observation and with reference to the literature. The authors call for setting up a rapid therapeutic system to take care of serious adverse reactions following treatment with ivermectin in areas with a high prevalence of L. loa infestation.
 ...
PMID:[Retinal hemorrhages after ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis in a patient with Loa loa microfilaremia]. 1496 80

Ngaoundere Gudali zebu cattle naturally exposed to Simulium damnosum s.l. and Culicoides spp. bites were examined during 4 years for O. ochengi adult worm acquisition, Onchocerca ochengi and Onchocerca gutturosa skin microfilaria dynamics, and IgG1 and IgG2 antibody subclass responses. Eleven animals acquired a total of 465 O. ochengi nodules (average of 17 per female and 72 per male). The O. ochengi nodule load was highly variable in individual animals and exacerbated in mature male cattle. Three patterns of acquisition of O. ochengi (resistant to new infestation, early susceptibility and late susceptibility), not associated with Simulium biting intensity (P > 0.05), were distinguished. The minimum prepatent periods for O. ochengi nodules, O. ochengi microfilariae and O. gutturosa microfilariae were 10, 20 and 21 months, respectively. The O. ochengi microfilaria density significantly (P < 0.001) increased with age, was higher in young mature bulls than female animals (P < 0.001) and finally reached highest levels (P < 0.005) during the dry season. Antibody responses to Ov10/Ov11 recombinant O. volvulus antigens were predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. High levels of this subclass (not IgG2) observed in new born calves declined to almost zero levels at the age of 5-8 months but IgG1 levels significantly increased (P < 0.05) with age subsequently during patency. Put together the acquisition and accumulation of O. ochengi parasites in zebu cattle, apart from being season, sex (gender) and host age associated, may also suggest a density-dependent regulation of parasite establishment in a proportion of the exposed population.
 ...
PMID:Onchocerca ochengi acquisition in zebu Gudali cattle exposed to natural transmission: parasite population dynamics and IgG antibody subclass responses to Ov10/Ov11 recombinant antigens. 1515 55

The transmission of Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart (Spirudida: Onchocercidae) and the prospects of Simulium neavei Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) vector elimination through ground larviciding were investigated in the Mpamba-Nkusi focus, western Uganda. Transmission levels and the initiated vector elimination activities were assessed to supplement the ongoing ivermectin mass distribution programme. Searches for breeding sites, adult fly catches, dissection of flies, river treatment with temephos (Abate) and a review of annual ivermectin treatment data were conducted. High levels of crab infestation with S. neavei sensu stricto immature stages were recorded; 57.9% and 100% for the Mpamba and Nyabugando river systems, respectively. The mean numbers of larvae/pupae per crab were 3.6 +/- 0.5 in the Mpamba and 20.6 +/- 1.8 in the Nyabugando systems. Pre-intervention mean biting densities were 39 and 32 flies/(man day) in 2001 and 2002, respectively, and an annual biting rate in 2001 of > 14 000. The bimodal biting pattern of S. neavei s.s. consisted of two peaks; one in the morning (09.00-10.00 hours) and one in the afternoon (14.00-15.00 hours) with a mid-day lull in biting. The infection/infective rates were 13.3%/2.8% and 16.6%/2.9% in the dissected parous flies from the Mpamba and Nyabugando river systems, respectively. Out of approximately 1000 parous flies, 129 and 109 were found to be harbouring infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus in their heads from the Mpamba and Nyabugando river systems, respectively. In spite of the > 10 years of ivermectin treatment, at a mean coverage of 71.3%, infection remained relatively high. Ground larviciding with temephos (Abate) initiated in June and October 2002 had a significant impact. In the Mpamba river system there was a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in positive crabs from 57.9% in 2001 to 0.06% in 2003 and a decrease in the mean number of larvae/pupae per crab from 3.6 +/- 0.5 in 2001 to 0.0007 +/- 0.0001 (P < 0.002) in 2003. Similarly, in the Nyabugando river system, a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in crab infestation from 100% in 2001 to 0.06% in 2003 and a decrease in the mean number of larvae/pupae per crab from 20.6 +/- 1.8 in 2001 to 0.06 +/- 0.03 in 2003. Drastic reductions were observed in the mean number of biting flies from 3 flies/h in 2001 to 0 flies/h in 2003 and the annual biting rates fell from 14,235 flies/year in 2001 to only 730 flies/year in 2003. These data suggest that substantial progress towards the goal of S. neavei s.s. vector elimination has been made and this will enhance the ongoing ivermectin treatment in this isolated focus.
 ...
PMID:Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus and prospects for the elimination of its vector, the blackfly Simulium neavei in the Mpamba-Nkusi focus in Western Uganda. 1660 93

Onchocerciasis results from infestation by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus and is characterized by troublesome itching, skin lesions, and eye manifestations. Although partially controlled by international mass prevention programs, onchocerciasis remains a major health hazard and is endemic in Africa, Arabia, and the Americas. Onchocerciasis is spread by bites from infested black flies, which transmit larvae that subsequently develop into adult filariae. Skin symptoms are commonly nonspecific and include severe pruritus, acute and chronic dermatitis, vitiligo-like hypopigmentation, and atrophy. Onchocercal ocular disease covers a large spectrum of manifestations, which in severe cases, may lead to blindness. Diagnosis is usually made by direct visualization of the larvae emerging from superficial skin biopsies, "skin snips." In some cases, the microfilariae can also be directly observed at the slit lamp when migrating into the anterior chamber of the eye. Ivermectin is, at present, the drug of choice for skin and ocular manifestations. Recent research using a chemotherapeutic approach that targets filarial Wolbachia symbionts in the treatment and control of onchocerciasis, however, suggests that 100 mg/d of doxycycline for 6 weeks might be effective in reducing the filarial load and preventing ocular symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Onchocerciasis--river blindness. 1671 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>