Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study reports the presence of Onchocerca volvulus specific IgE in the sera obtained from onchocerciasis patients. About 70% of onchocerciasis patients showed a raised level of O. volvulus specific IgE compared to patients infected either with other human filarids (Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi) or with other helminths (Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, Fasciola hepatica). The O. volvulus specific IgE level was significantly higher in patients exhibiting 'gale filarienne' than in microfilaremic patients or in endemic controls. The total IgE level was significantly raised in the serum samples of all groups of subjects from endemic areas compared to European controls. There was no significant increase in the level of IgE in the onchocerciasis sera when O. volvulus antigen was replaced by the antigens from various helminths in the present assay system (radioallergosorbent test). However, there was a clear evidence of the presence of cross-reacting allergens in the crude extracts from adults of O. volvulus and Dipetalonema viteae (a rodent filarial parasite) because there was a significant reduction in IgE level in onchocerciasis sera following absorption with either O. volvulus or D. viteae sorbents. Moreover, the IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis patients sera recognized the allergens which were present in the somatic extracts of O. volvulus and D. viteae as revealed by radiolabelled anti-IgE.
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PMID:Detection of IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis. Possibility of using allergens from Dipetalonema viteae extracts that cross-react with allergenic determinants in crude extracts of Onchocerca volvulus. 618 3

This report describes the presence of circulating Onchocerca volvulus antigens (COA) in sera of patients with onchocerciasis. By using a double diffusion immunoelectrophoresis method, COA could be detected in 24 of 77 sera analyzed (31%). In contrast, when more sensitive assays such as the radioimmunoprecipitation-PEG assay or sandwich radioimmunoassay were used to detect COA, about 75% of the sera from O. volvulus-infected patients were found positive; moreover, a highly significant correlation between the two assays was observed. The parasite specificity of the COA was demonstrated directly by identity reaction with a component of O. volvulus somatic antigens. COA was never found when hyperimmune antisera against other parasite antigenic extracts were used instead of anti-O. volvulus hyperimmune serum. However, when anti-O, volvulus hyperimmune serum was used against sera obtained from patients infected with various other helminths we found a cross-reactivity between COA and the circulating antigens of other human filarids (Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa, Brugia malayi), but not with other nematode or trematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica). Further immunoelectrophoretic studies demonstrated one precipitin are localized in the cathodic region which seemed specific for COA, which raises the possibility of preparing a monospecific hyperimmune serum to circumvent cross-reactivities.
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PMID:Detection of circulating antigens in onchocerciasis. 679 90

Levamisole is a drug of choice for treatment of ascariasis. With recommended dosages, it is virtually free of side effects. Single doses of 50 to 150mg will eliminate all parasites in 90 to 100% of ascariasis patients irrespective of worm burden. Activity against hookworms has been demonstrated for levamisole but the most effective treatment regimen has not been determined. Further drug trials are needed for better assessment of efficacy. Levamisole has little or no curative action on infections with whipworms and pinworms. It may have some activity against strongyloides but confirmatory studies are needed. It has been shown that levamisole has significant activity against microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. It is not, however, as effective as diethylcarbamazine ('Hetrazan'), and side reactions are greater. In tolerated doses, levamisole does not have significant action on adult forms or microfilariae of Onchoceea volvulus. The drug applied topically, however, may find a place in treatment of ocular onchocerciasis. Limited trials with levamisole for toxoplasmosis and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis have given promising results, and further studies are indicated.
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PMID:Use of levamisole in parasitic infections. 699 94

464 persons of whom 189 proved to be infected with microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and/or Onchocerca volvulus were examined for adverse reactions due to diethylcarbamazine, which was administered during a filariasis control campaign. Persons older than 20 years of age were significantly more affected than younger persons and men showed distinctly more side effects than women. The most frequent complaints were skin reactions followed by gastrointestinal complications. The significantly highest rate of adverse reactions was observed in persons being infected with microfilariae of O. volvulus, whereas no significant difference was registered between side effect rates of bancroftian microfilaria carriers and non-infected persons. It is concluded that in areas where both filarial species are endemic, infections with O. volvulus are a limiting factor for the control of bancroftian filariasis by means of mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine.
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PMID:Studies on Bancroftian filariasis in Liberia, West Africa. IV. Notes on side effects observed during a diethylcarbamazine treatment campaign in a rural area endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus. 700 53

The microtest ELISA has been used for human Onchocerciasis serological study. The antigens employed were adult Onchocerca volvulus extracts, collected from dissected nodules, delipidized and cleared from human proteins by affinity Chromatography. Under the circumstances, the positivity limit of the test seems excellent (maximum )D: 0,23) defined with 171 negative sera, 66 of them taken from Africans. Specificity controls were studied with 56 heterologous sera; cross-reactions occurred with hydatidosis and especially wit various nematode infections, in particular loasis. With reagents and technical conditions used, the specificity limit of the test corresponds to an OD of 0,4 (measured with a 3 mm optical course). The diagnosis value of the test was verified by studying sera from 90 individuals wit a positive skin biopsy and with sera from 233 adults living in endemic areas. For all the infected people, the global percentage of positivity with ELISA is not greater than that with indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (85%). On the other hand, the micro-test ELISA seems slightly more sensitive in detection of high serological positivities. We did not find any statistically relationship presence and quantity of microfilarial worms in skin biopsy and positivity with the microtest ELISA. Likewise, in some polyinfested patients (with Onchocerca volvulus and Dipetalonema perstans or Wuchereria bancrofti), we did not observe any correlation between the results given the microtest ELISA and the quantity of microfilariae in the blood stream.
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PMID:[Serodiagnosis of onchocerciasis using micro-ELISA. Study of 450 sera and comparison with indirect immunofluorescence]. 700 42

In 14 villages located in the West African savanna belt, 1,305 people were examined for microfilariae in blood and skin. The results indicate that the associations between filariae in infected patients are not the result of chance alone. The frequency of associations between Wuchereria bancrofti and Tetrapetalonema perstans was highly significant, whereas Onchocerca volvulus appeared to be associated with W. bancrofti only in the absence of T. perstans.
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PMID:Associations in filarial infections in man in the savanna zones of Mali and Upper Volta. 702 Apr 50

To explore the relative species specificities of the IgE and IgG antibody responses to helminth infections in man, we studied four pools of sera from patients infected with Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus or Ascaris lumbricoides and ten individual sera from patients with onchocerciasis. IgE antibodies were detected by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) analysis and IgG antibodies by a Staphylococcus protein A radioimmunoassay (Staph A-RIA). Analysis of the binding curves with four different immunosorbents (prepared from antigens of B. malayi, O. volvulus, Dipetalonema viteae and A. lumbricoides) in the RAST and the binding curves with these same four antigens in the Staph A-RIA confirmed the relative species specificities for both the IgE and IgG antibody responses. Then determination of these antibody levels after specific absorption of the sera with both homologous and heterologous antigens showed that in all instances there was significantly less cross-reactivity with heterologous parasite antigens (i.e. higher species specificity) in the IgE antibody response to filarial infection than in the corresponding IgG antibody response. Such findings imply that efforts toward developing techniques for specific immunodiagnosis of filarial infections are likely to be particularly successful if focused on the IgE antibody response of exposed individuals.
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PMID:IgE antibodies are more species-specific than IgG antibodies in human onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. 719 27

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with the filarial nematodes Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus which collectively infect about 200 million persons throughout the world. Protein sequence homology analysis of a major nematode antigen suggested that it was a class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The overproduction, purification and verification that the major B. malayi antigen is an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is described.
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PMID:An immunodominant antigen of Brugia malayi is an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. 758 98

We report the complete sequence of the cDNA encoding an intermediate filament (IF) protein from Onchocerca volvulus. The OVIF cDNA encodes a protein of 613 amino acid residues, which has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 70 kD. The size of the protein encoded by the OVIF cDNA corresponds well with estimates obtained in Western blotting experiments, but these same experiments suggest that Onchocerca sp. may contain at least two IF proteins. To identify the domain(s) of the OVIF protein responsible for immunogenicity in human filariasis patients, fragments of the OVIF cDNA were subcloned into the appropriate pGEX vector and Western blots of the corresponding fusion proteins probed with human sera. Pooled sera from general onchocerciasis or Bancroftian filariasis patients reacted only with the C-terminal region of the OVIF protein, whereas sowda onchocerciasis sera reacted 1-2 orders of magnitude more strongly and with a number of other epitopes. Immunolocalization experiments implied that the OVIF protein is associated with both muscle and a number of specific membrane layers. These studies provide the basis for evaluation of the protective potential of the OVIF protein.
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PMID:Immunological studies on an Onchocerca volvulus intermediate-filament protein. 776 Nov 9

In an eleven months study of eleven communities of Darazo Local Government Area of Bauchi state, northern Nigeria, 293 (21.7) of 1,349 persons examined harboured various filarial parasites. Of the sampled population, 18%, 1.9%, 1.6%, 0.5% and 0.2% had microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans, M. streptocerca and Loa loa respectively. Of the 637 females examined, 90 (14.1%) were infected, while 203 (23.5%) of 712 males sampled had filarial infections. The high rate in males was significant (P < 0.001). O. volvulus mf-rate increased gradually from the first decade to the seventh decade of life but declined thereafter. Prevalence of bancroftian filariasis was consistently lower in females of reproductive age, while the distribution of various filarial parasites varied significantly among age groups and communities (P < 0.05). Fishermen (42.9%), farmers (42.4%) and cattle rearers (40.9%) were the most affected occupational categories. Control strategies are highlighted.
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PMID:Studies on filariasis in Bauchi State, Nigeria. II. The prevalence of human filariasis in Darazo Local Government area. 781 11


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