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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The model of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mff) injected into CBA and T.O. strains of mice has been used to examine immunity to skin-dwelling microfilariae following exposure to a range of species of helminths. Mice which had received a primary infection with O. cervicalis mff were significantly resistant to challenge with O. lienalis mff (58% reduction relative to challenge controls). Immunization with the uterine contents (eggs and mff) of O. lienalis, O. gutturosa or O. volvulus conferred equivalent levels of protection against challenge with O. lienalis mff (66 to 75%). Similar results were obtained with immunizations in mice that employed either fresh or freeze-killed eggs of O. gutturosa. Significant reductions in the recoveries of O. lienalis mff were also demonstrated following the intraperitoneal implantation of adult male worms of O. gutturosa (30 to 52%), the adults of either sex of Dipetalonema viteae (60%), or after infection with Trichinella spiralis (27 to 81%). Infections with the trematode, Schistosoma mansoni, had a negligible effect on mff recoveries. It is concluded that partial resistance in mice to Onchocerca mff may be stimulated by factors, yet to be determined, that are neither stage nor species-specific.
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PMID:Immunity to Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice. II. Effects of sensitization with a range of heterologous species. 393 54

The present study reports the presence of Onchocerca volvulus specific IgE in the sera obtained from onchocerciasis patients. About 70% of onchocerciasis patients showed a raised level of O. volvulus specific IgE compared to patients infected either with other human filarids (Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi) or with other helminths (Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, Fasciola hepatica). The O. volvulus specific IgE level was significantly higher in patients exhibiting 'gale filarienne' than in microfilaremic patients or in endemic controls. The total IgE level was significantly raised in the serum samples of all groups of subjects from endemic areas compared to European controls. There was no significant increase in the level of IgE in the onchocerciasis sera when O. volvulus antigen was replaced by the antigens from various helminths in the present assay system (radioallergosorbent test). However, there was a clear evidence of the presence of cross-reacting allergens in the crude extracts from adults of O. volvulus and Dipetalonema viteae (a rodent filarial parasite) because there was a significant reduction in IgE level in onchocerciasis sera following absorption with either O. volvulus or D. viteae sorbents. Moreover, the IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis patients sera recognized the allergens which were present in the somatic extracts of O. volvulus and D. viteae as revealed by radiolabelled anti-IgE.
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PMID:Detection of IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis. Possibility of using allergens from Dipetalonema viteae extracts that cross-react with allergenic determinants in crude extracts of Onchocerca volvulus. 618 3

Reaginic antibodies to antigens from the human parasite Strongyloides stercoralis were studied by histamine release from basophils in 15 patients with chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis and in 12 controls (six North Americans with no evidence of parasitic diseases, two patients with Schistosoma mansoni, two with hookworm, one with Ascaris lumbricoides, and one with Onchocerca volvulus). All of the patients had antibodies to the somatic larval antigens, and 14 of 15 patients also had antibodies to the excretory/secretory products of S. stercoralis larvae. None of the controls had a positive response to any of the antigens tested. These findings indicate that patients with chronic strongyloidiasis have parasite-specific IgE antibodies and that S. stercoralis larval allergens may have a potential role in the immunodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis.
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PMID:Specific allergic sensitization to Strongyloides antigens in human strongyloidiasis. 618 84

This report describes the presence of circulating Onchocerca volvulus antigens (COA) in sera of patients with onchocerciasis. By using a double diffusion immunoelectrophoresis method, COA could be detected in 24 of 77 sera analyzed (31%). In contrast, when more sensitive assays such as the radioimmunoprecipitation-PEG assay or sandwich radioimmunoassay were used to detect COA, about 75% of the sera from O. volvulus-infected patients were found positive; moreover, a highly significant correlation between the two assays was observed. The parasite specificity of the COA was demonstrated directly by identity reaction with a component of O. volvulus somatic antigens. COA was never found when hyperimmune antisera against other parasite antigenic extracts were used instead of anti-O. volvulus hyperimmune serum. However, when anti-O, volvulus hyperimmune serum was used against sera obtained from patients infected with various other helminths we found a cross-reactivity between COA and the circulating antigens of other human filarids (Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa, Brugia malayi), but not with other nematode or trematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica). Further immunoelectrophoretic studies demonstrated one precipitin are localized in the cathodic region which seemed specific for COA, which raises the possibility of preparing a monospecific hyperimmune serum to circumvent cross-reactivities.
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PMID:Detection of circulating antigens in onchocerciasis. 679 90

Renal involvement in parasitic infections are polymorphic. Plasmodium malariae often leads to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis whereas acute tubular necrosis or post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis are observed with Plasmodium falciparum. Urogenital taxis of Schistosoma haematobium is responsible for frequency of chronic tubular and interstitial nephritis. Without specific treatment, the renal function progressively deteriorates and urological complications appear. Schistosoma mansoni mainly leads to mesangial and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Membranoproliferative and membranous glomerulonephritis are reported with loasis. Onchocerca volvulus also leads to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and lipoid nephrosis. Renal involvement with Wuchereria bancrofti is rare. With leishmaniosis, it is often mild but more serious observations are described: acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome or acute interstitial nephritis. Renal hydatic cysts are diagnosed in two or three per cent of cases. Surgery is the only treatment. Immunosuppressive or antimalarial treatments seem to be ineffective in the outcome of chronic glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:[Important parasitic nephropathies: update from the recent literature]. 1022 26

An evaluation of the sensitivity and the specificity of the Anisakis simplex antigens purified by affinity chromatography was performed using sera from patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitisation and sera from patients previously diagnosed with different helminthic infections. Only the sera of the patients diagnosed with Schistosoma mansoni or Onchocerca volvulus parasitic infections were negative against the A. simplex antigen and its purified fractions (PAK antigen: A. simplex antigen purified using columns prepared with anti-A. simplex rabbit IgG and PAS antigen: PAK antigen purified using columns prepared with anti-Ascaris suum rabbit IgG). However all the sera were positive against the A. suum antigen. In all the sera from the patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitisation, the antibody levels detected using the purified antigens (PAK and PAS antigens) were lower than the observed using the A. simplex crude extract with the highest diminution in the case of the IgG. When these same sera were tested against the A. simplex crude extract by Western blot, several bands of high molecular masses were observed as well as, intense bands at 60 and/or 40 kDa. A concentration of these last proteins was observed in the PAK and the PAS antigens. When the sensitivity and the specificity determinations were performed, only seven of the 38 patients diagnosed of Anisakis sensitisation were positive, as well as, the sera from the patients diagnosed with parasitisms by Echinococcus granulosus or Fasciola hepatica.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot antibody determination in sera from patients diagnosed with different helminthic infections with Anisakis simplex antigen purified by affinity chromatography. 1611 72

Paramyosin is a muscular protein exclusively found in invertebrate species, which has been proposed as a vaccine candidate against infections with Schistosoma mansoni and Brugia malayi. Here, we report the studies on the distribution of Onchocerca volvulus paramyosin, designated OvPmy, in different O. volvulus stages by immunohistochemistry using rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant OvPmy protein as well as the induction of the human humoral immune response to OvPmy. To conduct the studies, OvPmy was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein to raise the rabbit antibodies. The recombinant OvPmy was tested in immunoblots using sera from individuals living in an area hyperendemic for onchocerciasis in Liberia, West Africa. The antibodies used here localised paramyosin exclusively in the muscle tissue of O. volvulus as well as Onchocerca ochengi. No extracellular compartments, such as the cuticle or the lumina of the pseudocoeloma cavity, were labelled; however, labelling was seen in microfilarial fragments taken up by host immune cells, such as giant cells. It was recognised by anti-paramyosin antibodies of a group of onchocerciasis patients.
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PMID:Immunohistological studies on Onchocerca volvulus paramyosin. 1962 24

Serine proteases form one of the most important families of enzymes and perform significant functions in a broad range of biological processes, such as intra- and extracellular protein metabolism, digestion, blood coagulation, regulation of development, and fertilization. A number of serine proteases have been identified in parasitic helminths that have putative roles in parasite development and nutrition, host tissues and cell invasion, anticoagulation, and immune evasion. In this review, we described the serine proteases that have been identified in parasitic helminths, including nematodes (Trichinella spiralis, T. pseudospiralis, Trichuris muris, Anisakis simplex, Ascaris suum, Onchocerca volvulus, O. lienalis, Brugia malayi, Ancylostoma caninum, and Steinernema carpocapsae), cestodes (Spirometra mansoni, Echinococcus granulosus, and Schistocephalus solidus), and trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, and Schistosoma mansoni). Moreover, the possible biological functions of these serine proteases in the endogenous biological phenomena of these parasites and in the host-parasite interaction were also discussed.
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PMID:Serine proteases of parasitic helminths. 2574 3

A healthy 72-year-old Danish male presenting with recurring sigmoid volvulus was found to be infested with Schistosoma mansoni. No other explanation for recurring volvulus was found. A travel history 12 years ago, which included bathing in the Botswana Okavango delta for 10 minutes, revealed the likely time and place of infection. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of recurrent sigmoid volvulus and chronic intestinal schistosomiasis in a patient from a nonendemic area.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis Presenting as Recurring Sigmoid Volvulus in a Danish Man With an Inconspicuous Travel History-A Case Report. 2964 49


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