Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of IgE antibodies to antigen 5 of Echinococcus granulosus was detected by means of radioimmunoelectrophoresis in the sera of two of six patients infected with E. multilocularis. Sera from three of these patients gave a precipitin band in gel diffusion tests identical to that produced by a monospecific rabbit anti-E. granulosus antigen 5 serum, when tested against whole hydatid fluid. Sera from 19 individuals infected with Fasciola hepatica, 20 with Schistosoma mansoni, and 5 with with Taenia saginata showed no detectable antibodies against antigen 5 of E. granulosus, The monospecific rabbit anti-E. granulosus antigen 5 serum did not react in immunodiffusion with homologous antigen when absorbed with either 4 mg/ml of whole hydatid fluid or with 200 mg/ml of a soluble E. multilocularis extract. Absorption of the monospecific antiserum with crude antigens of either F. hepatica, Onchocerca volvulus, S. mansoni, or T. saginata did not abolish the reaction with antigen 5. It appears, therefore, that antigen 5 can no longer be considered specific for E. granulosus, but is also present in E. multilocularis. In the light of this observation, some reevaluation of immunodiagnostic tests in hydatid disease will be necessary.
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PMID:Further observations on the specificity of antigen 5 of Echinococcus granulosus. 6 14

The assessment of morbidity caused by chronic parasitic infections in the populations of endemic areas has remained difficult and controversial. Contributing to this predicament is the frequent occurrence of multiple infections with agents that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, from the frequent symptomless carrier state to overt disease with more or less specific clinical manifestations. In the interpretation of the complex morbidity patterns found in rural populations of tropical countries, it is often difficult to make a clear determination of cause and effect. The situations is further complicated by the low degree of pathognomicity of the clinical manifestations of even the advanced stages of certain parasitic diseases. The paper gives examples that illustrate the interaction between endemic malaria and schistosomiasis as important causes of hepatosplenomegaly. Also shown in the paper are the inter-relationships between the nutritional status and the number of multiple infections with parasites found in African villages as well as the association between habitual coca leaf chewing, malnutrition and hookworm disease in a Peruvian community of mixed ethnic origin. The paper describes micro-epidemiological features of poly-parasitism by comparing the prevalence and intensity of infection with Onchocerca volvulus, Schistosoma mansoni and S; haematobium between sub-groups in the village population who have different sources of domestic water supply. In two African villages with endemic schistosomiasis where mass treatment will be administered, only 25% of the residents with parasitologically confirmed S. haematobium infection and 12% of those with S. mansoni had single infection; the remaining majority had at least one additional patent parasitic infection of public health importance.
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PMID:Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. IV. Combined effects on the state of health. 72 41

A monoclonal antibody (2A5B9), previously shown to be reactive with a 14 kD surface associated antigen of Onchocerca microfilariae, was found to recognise a 92 kD molecule present in an adult worm extract. The antibody was used to select cDNA clones with a coding capacity larger than 14 kD, from a lambda gt11 library of O. volvulus. Nucleotide sequencing of the cDNA of one such clone revealed extensive homology to the myosin (unc-54) and paramyosin (unc-15) genes of Caenorhabditis elegans, similarly to myosin and paramyosin genes of Onchocerca volvulus, Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis and Schistosoma mansoni. The immunological implications of antigenic cross-reactivity between a surface molecule and paramyosin, a known protective antigen, are discussed.
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PMID:Immunological cross-reaction between an Onchocerca paramyosin-like molecule and a microfilaria surface antigen. 128 25

The Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) technique were used to test human sera with Dracunculus medinensis adult worm antigen in order to assess their potential value in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis. The human sera used were from patients with prepatent and patent D. medinensis infections or from patients infected with other nematodes (Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa) or trematodes (Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium), as well as uninfected Nigerian and Puerto Rican normal controls. In the FAST-ELISA, the sera from prepatent and patent dracunculiasis patients gave the highest absorbance values relative to normal human sera. The highest cross-reactivity was observed with onchocerciasis sera; no cross-reactivity was seen with sera from individuals with loiasis or schistosomiasis mansoni or haematobia. By the EITB, sera from dracunculiasis patients specifically recognized a 16 kDa protein (Dm 16) and antibodies to Dm 16 disappeared 2 months after worm extraction. Recognition of Dm 16 occurred from the late prepatent stage. A 17 kDa protein (Dm 17) was also recognized by dracunculiasis sera, but antibodies to Dm 17 disappeared more slowly and were present 1 year after recovery. The 16 kDa and 17 kDa antigens of D. medinensis may be useful in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis.
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PMID:Immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis by Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) technique. 214 63

The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA copy of the Dirofilaria immitis paramyosin gene was determined. The sequence was 2545 nucleotides in length, consisting of a single open reading frame of 848 amino acids capable of encoding a protein with a calculated molecular weight of 98,000. The cDNA clone was not complete, but probably includes over 97% of the coding region of the gene. We have previously observed that the cloned D. immitis paramyosin is recognized by sera from humans infected with Onchocerca volvulus. To determine the extent of homology at the protein level, we screened a cDNA library of O. volvulus with an antiserum made against D. immitis paramyosin. Ten recombinant clones were partially sequenced, comprising a total of 1186 nucleotides or 389 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of D. immitis paramyosin was 99% identical to the O. volvulus paramyosin. We also compared the amino acid sequence to other cloned paramyosins, and noted that 92% of the amino acids were identical to those of Caenorhabditis elegans, and 34% identical to those of Schistosoma mansoni. Comparison of the paramyosin sequence between different species revealed a hierarchy of similarities: (1) a 7-amino-acid repeat with apolar residues in the a and d position as the most conserved, followed by (2) the amino acid sequence and (3) the DNA sequence.
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PMID:Filarial paramyosin: cDNA sequences from Dirofilaria immitis and Onchocerca volvulus. 232 8

Antigens in Onchocerca volvulus were characterized using anti-O. vovulus monoclonal antibodies (McAb). A total of 17 McAb which were not species-specific to O. volvulus was examined for the antigenic similarity of O. volvulus with 12 parasitic helminths using indirect immunofluorescence. The range of reactivity of these McAb was wider in nematodes in contrast to species of cestoda or trematoda. The antigenic similarity within helminths examined was generally in agreement with their taxonomic relationships but was not shown in the lower taxonomic hierarchy. The helminth which holds the antigens most in common to O. volvulus was not the filarial parasites but Ascaris suum, an intestinal nematoda. The least antigenic similarity to O. volvulus was found in Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum, trematoda, among helminths examined. On the other hand, the existence of a common antigen shared with all the 13 helminths examined was demonstrated by a IgM McAb.
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PMID:Antigenic similarity of Onchocerca volvulus to other helminths examined by monoclonal antibodies against O. volvulus. 243 96

Antigens containing phosphocholine (PC) circulate in the blood during chronic filarial infection. Because of the wide occurrence of such PC epitopes, we examined their specificity by evaluating 10 common parasites of humans for the presence of PC epitopes, and sera from patients infected with these parasites for circulating antigens containing PC. Immunoblot analysis of extracts from various parasites using an anti-PC monoclonal antibody (CA101) demonstrated the presence of PC epitopes on the protozoa Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi, and on the helminths Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis, in addition to those previously described on Trichinella spiralis, Onchocerca volvulus and Brugia malayi. They were not detected on the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia or Plasmodium falciparum. Sera from 163 individuals with single protozoan or helminth infections were assayed for PC-bearing circulating antigens in a two-site immunoassay; such antigens were found in almost all patients infected with Wuchereria bancrofti; in half of those infected with S. stercoralis; and in 7-15% of those with S. mansoni, T. cruzi or L. donovani; none was detected in those with Trichinella, hookworm, Echinococcus, malaria, Giardia or amoebic infections. Thus, while detection of circulating PC-antigen as an immunodiagnostic assay for filariasis could result in some 'false positives', it appears to be a potentially valuable immunodiagnostic tool that deserves wider field testing to determine its practical usefulness.
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PMID:Phosphocholine epitopes on helminth and protozoal parasites and their presence in the circulation of infected human patients. 248 59

The cDNA synthesized from mRNA of Dirofilaria immitis female adult worms was cloned into the expression vector lambda gt11. Screening the library with a hyperimmune rabbit antiserum raised against adult worm homogenates yielded several antigen positive clones. One of these clones, lambda cDi2, was recognized by rabbit antisera raised against either D. immitis L-3, adult, Brugia malayi L-3 or Onchocerca volvulus adult worm antigen, as well as by antisera from humans naturally infected with O. volvulus or Wuchereria bancrofti. Affinity-purified anti-lambda cDi2 antibodies reacted with a 97-kDa protein on Western transfers of adult D. immitis antigen extracts that were reduced with beta-mercaptoethanol. The whole rabbit anti-D. immitis adult antiserum depleted of anti-lambda cDi2 antibodies exhibited decreased reactivity to this 97-kDa band. A monoclonal antibody (IA6) that specifically binds Schistosoma mansoni paramyosin also recognised a 97-kDa protein in D. immitis extracts upon Western transfer. The deduced amino acid sequence of partial DNA sequence from lambda cDi2 showed some similarity to nematode myosin, and gave a stretch of 82 amino acids that is 91.5% identical to Caenorhabditis elegans paramyosin: thus, lambda cDi2 encodes D. immitis paramyosin.
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PMID:A lambda gt11 cDNA recombinant that encodes Dirofilaria immitis paramyosin. 252 35

Research was performed into the prevalence of concurrent parasite infection among 23 patients with onchocerciasis and 13 onchocerciasis-negative controls in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Stools, urine sediments and bloodsmears were examined for ova, parasites and microfilariae. Results showed the presence of Hookworm, Schistosoma mansoni, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. A positive relationship was found between O. volvulus and Hookworm infection. The effects of polyparasitism on immunodiagnosis and the need for further research is discussed.
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PMID:Concurrent parasitic infections among patients with onchocerciasis and controls in Sierra Leone, West Africa. 342 1

The objectives of the present study were to identify and characterize biochemically the major antigens of Brugia malayi microfilariae, a filarial parasite that infects humans. IgG antibodies in sera of mice which had cleared parasites from the bloodstream reacted with 30, 55, 94 and 150 kDa molecules of living microfilariae radioiodinated by the Iodo-bead method. Sera of humans infected with the related filariae Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa or Onchocerca volvulus immunoprecipitated molecules of similar size as well as two additional proteins of 22 and 43 kDa. Sera of uninfected North Americans or mice infected with Trichinella spiralis or Schistosoma mansoni did not recognize these radioiodinated antigens. Experiments to examine the possible surface localization and metabolism of these antigens showed that they were removed from intact parasites exposed to chymotrypsin or trypsin and that immunogenic molecules of 30, 55, and 150 kDa were released into excretory-secretory products by viable microfilariae. [35S]Methionine biosynthetically labeled polypeptide antigens of 22, 30, 35 and 150 kDa were detected by antibody reacted with intact microfilariae and/or their excretion products. Antigens of 30, 55, and 150 kDa appear to be glycoproteins as they bound wheat germ agglutinin and were biosynthetically labeled with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. These data suggest that the surface of B. malayi microfilariae is a dynamic structure which synthesizes and sheds antigens.
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PMID:Immunochemical characterization and biosynthesis of major antigens of iodo-bead surface-labeled Brugia malayi microfilariae. 357 45


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