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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of transverse colon volvulus is reported, bringing the total number of collected cases in the English language medical literature to 45. Although this type of volvulus is rare, a definite pattern can be appreciated. Patients tend to be young, female, and give a history of chronic or recurrent difficulty in having bowel movements. A triad of underlying factors predisposes to the development of the volvulus: a distal impediment (either organic or functional) to the evacuation of the bowel, a redundant bowel and mesocolon and a fixed point around which the bowel can twist. The best treatment is resection with either anastomosis or exteriorization, depending on bowel viability.
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PMID:Volvulus of the transverse colon: report of case and review of the literature. 52 37

Volvulus shows high plasma 17-OHCS level and after operation there is a progressive fall. Brain-pituitary-adrenal interrelationship has been studied in experimental dogs using a different type of stressor i.e. closed loop intestinal obstruction. Midbrain section blocks the adrenocortical response. Frontal leucotomy leads to increased response after acute distension of the closed loop. Acute hypothalamectomy does not lead to blocking of the adrenocortical response to stress.
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PMID:Brain-pituitary-adrenal interrelationship in closed loop intestinal obstruction in man. Effects of stepwise removal of brain, midbrain section and frontal leucotomy in dogs after the same type of stress. 52 45

As the study of the association diethylcarbamazine-levamisole gave encouraging results on the dermal microfilarial density of Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart, 1893), the authors followed it up in order to determine the optimum regimen for mass treatment. Two therapeutic schemes have been tested: A--Initial treatment: 14 days with the dayly dosis of respectively 200 mg of diethylcarbamazine and 120 mg of levamisole progressively reached in four days. After one year: a single dayly dosis of respectively 200 mg and 60 mg for five days. B--Initial treatment: 7 days with the same dosis as above. After one year: dayly dosis of respectively 200 mg and 60 mg for seven days. It appears that scheme A may be considered as the best baseline to achieve the optimum regimen for the mass treatment of onchocerciasis. The aim of such a treatment is to decrease the dermal microfilarial density to a level compatible with the patient good condition.
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PMID:[Onchocerciasis chemotherapy. II. Evaluation of two therapeutic schemes on microfilarial density, utilising the association diethylcarbamazine and levamisole (author's transl)]. 53 49

Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae obtained from onchocercal nodules were used as antigenic material for a skin test. This antigen is as specific as those previously employed in skin tests, detecting 85.2% of the persons with positive diagnostic signs of onchocerciasis in endemic areas. A low rate of false positives was found in the control group in nonendemic areas. The positive rate of reactions in the persons without positive signs in the endemic areas might be due to the presences of cases not detected as a result of palpation for nodules and two skin biopsies. In the examination of the residents of several populations, a close correlation was found between the positive rates of skin tests and the presence of infection. From these findings, we conclude that the skin test using the microfilarial antigen is a suitable procedure for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. The skin test could also be useful as an epidemiological tool in assessing the effectiveness of control programmes.
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PMID:The use of an Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial antigen skin test in an epidemiological survey of onchocerciasis in Guatemala. 53 7

In this trial suramin, diethylcarbamazine, trichlorphon, levamisole, mebendazole, melarsonyl potassiu, Hoechst 33258 and tinidazole were administered to cattle infected with O. gibsoni and O. gutturosa to determine the usefulness of this screen in predicting the effect of drugs in man against. O. volvulus except for melarsonyl potassium which was macrofilarticidal against O. gutturosa but not O. gibsoni when cattle were slaughtered 6 weeks after treatment. It was concluded that cattle infected with O. gibsoni are a satisfactory substitute for chimpanzees infected with O. volvulus, as a tertiary screen for drugs against O. volvulus, but that their use would be restricted to centres in O. gibsoni endemic areas where the necessary facilities and specialised knowledge required to use cattle as experimental animals exist.
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PMID:An evaluation of the bovine -- Onchocerca gibsoni, Onchocerca gutturosa model as a tertiary screen for drugs against Onchocerca volvulus in man. 53 19

Two cases of acute intestinal obstruction in adults caused by a nonrotation anomaly of the bowel are presented. Both of the patients had suffered since chilhood from chronic, recurrent but rather mild abdominal symptoms which subsided spontaneously. In both cases volvulus of the cecum caused the acute abdominal condition, necessitating emergency operation. The nonrotation anomaly was an unsuspected discovery at laparotomy. The possibility of this type of congenital anomaly should be kept in mind whenever a patient has chronic recurrent abdominal symptoms or an acute abdominal condition.
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PMID:Nonrotation anomaly of the bowel causing acute intestinal obstruction in adults. A report of two cases. 53 33

In view of the promise shown by temperate simuliids for laboratory colonization, the ability of Simulium ornatum and S. lineatum to support the development of Onchocerca volvulus was investigated. An injection technique is described for the introduction of O. volvulus microfilariae from a chimpanzee into female simuliids in the absence of a bloodmeal. RPMI 1640 medium, with penicillin, streptomycin and foetal calf serum, proved satisfactory as an inoculation medium. Third stage larvae were obtained in both S. ornatum and S. lineatum after seven days at 27 degrees C. The rate of development of the parasite in S. ornatum is recorded.
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PMID:The development of Onchocerca volvulus in two temperate blackfly species, Simulium ornatum Meigen and Simulium lineatum Meigen. 53 57

The history and structure of the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River Basin are described. An outline of the vector control operations is given, and the techniques and organisation of the entomological evaluation network are described in detail. During the course of the evaluation and related studies undertaken between November 1974 and October 1978 almost 1.2 million S. damnosum females have been taken in over 52,000 man days of catching, and 674,000 flies were dissected. An assessment based on this effort using Annual Biting Rates and Annual Transmission Potentials shows that the transmission of O. volvulus has been reduced to below a defined maximum permissible level over most of the central part of the Programme Area. The difficulties encountered in the remainder, and at certain problem sites are outlined and relevant data given. The benefits to be expected from extending the area further southwards and the possibilities of later reductions in control activity are discussed.
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PMID:Entomological aspects of the first five years of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River Basin. 54 1

Volvulus of the spleen is a complication of a previous congenital anomaly consisting basically in the absence of supporting structures of the spleen. Clinically, it is an extremely rare complication. It may present as an acute abdomen. The search of the literature that we conducted does not show any such case being the cause of portal hypertension. This motivated this case report. The patient was treated surgically and this cured the patient.
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PMID:[Segmental portal hypertension caused by volvulus of the spleen]. 54 74

The authors present a case of intestinal malrotation characterized by a hyperotation of ileal loops (180 degrees) causing a stenosis of the duodenal-jejunal junction. Some ileal loops were situated, through a defect of the ascendent mesocolon, behind the ascendent colon. The difference between the ileal volvulus and this malformation is: 1. There was no vascular sufference of hyperrotated ileum. 2. The ileal loops were fixed in that hyperrotated position. 3. Some loops were located behind the colon ascendent. 4. After the derotation of ileal loops the stenosis at the duodenal-jejunal level persisted and we proceded to surgery of the stenotic point.
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PMID:[Rare case of intestinal malrotation: duodenal-jejunal stenosis caused by ileal hyperrotation (180 degrees) in a newborn (author's transl)]. 54 89


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