Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Report of survey in Bamendjin dam area indicates that 25 p. 100 of the population have a blood smear positive for malaria (P. falciparum) and 80 p. 100 have a positive indirect immunofluorescent test for malaria. The vector is A. funestus. In male inhabitants 23,2 p. 100 of the snip-biopsies are positive for O. volvulus and 40 p. 100 of the indirect immunofluorescent test are positive. In female inhabitants the respective ratios are 14,4 p. 100 and 48,8 p. 100. There is no urinary or intestinal schistosomiasis in this area but specimens of potential vectors have been detected.
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PMID:[Epidemiological study of onchocerciasis and malaria in Bamendjin dam area (Cameroon). Malacologic fauna and risks of schistosomian introduction (author's transl)]. 39 36

The assessment of morbidity caused by chronic parasitic infections in the populations of endemic areas has remained difficult and controversial. Contributing to this predicament is the frequent occurrence of multiple infections with agents that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, from the frequent symptomless carrier state to overt disease with more or less specific clinical manifestations. In the interpretation of the complex morbidity patterns found in rural populations of tropical countries, it is often difficult to make a clear determination of cause and effect. The situations is further complicated by the low degree of pathognomicity of the clinical manifestations of even the advanced stages of certain parasitic diseases. The paper gives examples that illustrate the interaction between endemic malaria and schistosomiasis as important causes of hepatosplenomegaly. Also shown in the paper are the inter-relationships between the nutritional status and the number of multiple infections with parasites found in African villages as well as the association between habitual coca leaf chewing, malnutrition and hookworm disease in a Peruvian community of mixed ethnic origin. The paper describes micro-epidemiological features of poly-parasitism by comparing the prevalence and intensity of infection with Onchocerca volvulus, Schistosoma mansoni and S; haematobium between sub-groups in the village population who have different sources of domestic water supply. In two African villages with endemic schistosomiasis where mass treatment will be administered, only 25% of the residents with parasitologically confirmed S. haematobium infection and 12% of those with S. mansoni had single infection; the remaining majority had at least one additional patent parasitic infection of public health importance.
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PMID:Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. IV. Combined effects on the state of health. 72 41

Significant differences exist in the prevalence of most gastroenterological emergencies in tropical compared with temperate countries. Both ethnic and environmental (often clearly defined geographically) factors are relevant. The major oesophageal lesions which can present acutely in tropical countries are varices and carcinoma; bleeding and obstruction are important sequelae. Peptic ulcer disease (and its complications), often associated (not necessarily causally) with Helicobacter pylori infection, has marked geographical variations in incidence. Emergencies involving the small intestine are dominated by severe dehydration, and its sequelae, resulting from secretory diarrhoea, most notably cholera. However, enteritis necroticans ('pig bel' disease), paralytic ileus (sometimes caused by antiperistaltic agents) and obstruction (secondary to luminal helminths, volvulus and intussusception) are other important problems, especially in infants and children. Enteric fever is occasionally complicated by perforation and haemorrhage; the former (which is notoriously difficult to manage) is accompanied by significant mortality. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is a major cause of right iliac fossa pathology--sometimes associated with malabsorption; amoeboma is an important clinical differential diagnosis. The colon can be involved in invasive Entamoeba histolytica infection (which, like complicated enteric fever, is difficult to manage if the fulminant form, with perforation, ensues), shigellosis, volvulus and intussusception. Acute colonic dilatation occasionally follows Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and rarely E. histolytica infections. Acute hepatocellular failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics and subtropics. It usually results from viral hepatitis (HBV, sometimes complicated by HDV, and HCV), but there is a long list of differential diagnoses. Hepatotoxicity resulting from herbs, chemotherapeutic agents or alcohol also occurs not infrequently. Chronic liver disease and its sequelae (often long-term results of viral hepatitis) are commonplace. Haematemesis and hepatocellular failure are usually very difficult to manage due to a lack of sophisticated support techniques in developing countries. Invasive hepatic amoebiasis usually responds well to medical management; however, spontaneous perforation can occur and the consequences of this are serious. Pyogenic liver abscess, although far less common than amoebic 'abscess', carries a bad prognosis whatever the method(s) of management. Hydatidosis and schistosomiasis also involve the liver, and helminthiases are important in the context of biliary tract disease. Gall stones are unusual in most tropical settings. Acute pancreatitis is overall unusual, but chronic calcific pancreatitis can present as an acute abdominal emergency.
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PMID:Gastroenterological emergencies in the tropics. 176 26

The Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) technique were used to test human sera with Dracunculus medinensis adult worm antigen in order to assess their potential value in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis. The human sera used were from patients with prepatent and patent D. medinensis infections or from patients infected with other nematodes (Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa) or trematodes (Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium), as well as uninfected Nigerian and Puerto Rican normal controls. In the FAST-ELISA, the sera from prepatent and patent dracunculiasis patients gave the highest absorbance values relative to normal human sera. The highest cross-reactivity was observed with onchocerciasis sera; no cross-reactivity was seen with sera from individuals with loiasis or schistosomiasis mansoni or haematobia. By the EITB, sera from dracunculiasis patients specifically recognized a 16 kDa protein (Dm 16) and antibodies to Dm 16 disappeared 2 months after worm extraction. Recognition of Dm 16 occurred from the late prepatent stage. A 17 kDa protein (Dm 17) was also recognized by dracunculiasis sera, but antibodies to Dm 17 disappeared more slowly and were present 1 year after recovery. The 16 kDa and 17 kDa antigens of D. medinensis may be useful in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis.
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PMID:Immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis by Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) technique. 214 63

Immunological study of individuals (aged 4 to 70 years) living in an area of Mali hyperendemic for onchocerciasis revealed an 83% prevalence of skin microfilariae (mf). Microfilariae counts from skin snips were highly age-dependent. Screening for concomitant helminth infections showed a low prevalence of hookworms and Mansonella (Dipetalonema) perstans, but neither schistosomiasis nor bancroftian filariasis. Immunological results revealed strong correlation between radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin test (5 and 50 ng adult O. volvulus extract), between RAST and total IgE, and between IFAT and ELISA. A negative correlation exists between mf counts and skin tests and between mf counts and RAST; the lowest median values were obtained in the group with high mf counts. Skin sensitizing antibodies were detected in most locally born children aged 4-5 years. Intradermal tests showed a high rate of sensitization to O. volvulus antigen in mf-negative children, whereas ELISA and IFAT values were significantly lower in these children than in mf-positive children. Increasing concentrations of circulating IgE antibodies were found in children aged 4-11 years by RAST, and, in individuals aged 12-19 years (age group for which mf counts sharply increase), skin testing revealed a state of anergy. In long lasting infections (adults greater than 20 years) skin reactivity was comparable to that of young children or was depressed. ELISA and IFAT achieved similar results in each age group.
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PMID:Seroepidemiological investigations of onchocerciasis in a hyperendemic area of West Africa. 389 85

The first two cases of onchocerciasis seen in Canada are reported. The patients had come from West Africa to study in Canada several months prior to admission to hospital. The presenting symptom in each case was intense pruritus. One of the patients had early ocular involvement. The diagnosis was made by means of microscopic examination of a skin snip. The subcutaneous nodule excised from one of the patients showed the adult Onchocerca volvulus. Both patients also had urinary schistosomiasis. The clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment and public health aspects of onchocerciasis are discussed.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis in Canada. 481 12

Report of 262 ocular controls in Ivorian adults nine years after they left their respective villages in hyperendemic onchocerciasic areas which were flooded consequently to the building up of the Kossou dam. After that period 50 p. 100 of the controlled persons have still a positive skin biopsy. On the other hand, parasitism by Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae and lesions of keratitis punctata have nearly disappeared (respectively 1 and 2 cases). Patients with microfilariae in the anterior ocular camera are very rare (3,4 p. 100) though many patients show definitive changes of the anterior and posterior ocular segments. Such kind of surveys are necessary to have a good evaluation of the regressive evolution of ocular schistosomiasis after the interruption of the vectorial transmission.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of ocular onchocerciasis in Ivory Coast nine years after the interruption of the vectorial transmission (author's transl)]. 627 36

Immunological crossreactivity among nematodes has hampered development of specific serodiagnostic assays for lymphatic filariasis. In the present study, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of two filaria-specific recombinant clones (BmM5 and BmM14) with immunodiagnostic potential. BmM5 is a 505-bp cDNA which codes for a protein of 130 residues that ends with an endoplasmic reticulum targeting sequence. BmM14 is closely related to a recently reported clone (SXP-1), and it has 62% homology (deduced amino acid sequence) with a previously described Onchocerca volvulus clone, lambda RAL-2. Glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of BmM5 and BmM14 were tested in various ELISA formats. The best results were obtained by measuring IgG4 antibodies to the fusion proteins. ELISA studies showed that approximately 90% of 111 sera from Indian and Egyptian patients with brugian and bancroftian filariasis were reactive with both antigens. Nonendemic sera as well as sera from patients with schistosomiasis or intestinal helminths were uniformly nonreactive. Assays based on BmM5 and BmM14 may be useful for large scale screening as an alternative to microfilaria or filarial antigen detection as a means of obtaining a rough index of filariasis endemicity in previously unstudied areas.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of Brugia malayi antigens for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. 793 4

The prevalence of malaria, schistosomiasis and onchocerciasis was determined in 1,106 residents of five villages in the Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone, to determine whether inland valley swamp (IVS) development was associated with changes in the prevalence of malaria, schistosomiasis and onchocerciasis in these villages. These parasitic diseases were studied in four villages receiving IVS, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) assistance and in one village not receiving FAO assistance. Malaria was the most prevalent infection, detected in 42.6% of the persons examined, followed by O. volvulus (17.7%), S. haematobium (0.6%) and S. mansoni (0.3%). Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 90.4% of the malaria infections, followed by P. malaria (2.1%), P. ovale (0.5%), and mixed infections (7.0%). The trend of infection to O. volvulus increased significantly with an increase in age. S. haematobium (0.6%) and S. mansoni (0.3%) infections were low and no Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus were found in 33 IVS development swamps examined. These data indicate that IVS development is associated with an increase in the prevalence of malaria infection, but not in the prevalence of O. volvulus, S. haematobium and S. mansoni.
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PMID:Inland valley swamp rice development: malaria, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis in south central Sierra Leone. 818 70

Protective immunity against schistosomiasis induced by vaccination of mice with irradiated cercaria can be passively transferred to uninfected mice with sera or IgG. Antigens that are uniquely or more strongly recognized by such protective sera compared with sera from infected unprotected mice have been identified previously. Two genes, SmIrV1 and SmIrV5, were selected from an adult worm cDNA library by screening with antibodies raised against these candidate vaccine proteins. Active immunization with the SmIrV5 protein induces high levels of protection in mice. We report here the molecular cloning and sequencing of SmIrV1 which contains a deduced amino acid sequence of 582 residues with similarity to three proteins: calnexin, calreticulin, and OvRal1, a surface antigen of the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus. SmIrV1 can be divided into three regions: a neutral N-terminal region with a putative signal sequence, followed by a proline- and tryptophan-rich P region in which two sets of sequences are repeated four times and a C-terminal region which is highly acidic with an isoelectric point of 4.7. We expressed the P and C regions of SmIrV1 and showed that this polypeptide reacts with sera of immunized as well as chronically infected mice.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and expression of SmIrV1, a Schistosoma mansoni antigen with similarity to calnexin, calreticulin, and OvRal1. 846 98


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