Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal parasites are Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, hookworms, ascaris, tape worms and others. As to organ parasites, their life-threatening courses are pointed out: amebiasis in the intestine, liver, lung and brain, toxoplasmosis in the brain, lung and heart muscle, including the danger for the child of a pregnant woman with an acute infection, West African sleeping sickness with encephalitis, the East African form with polyserositis, South American Chagas' disease with intestinal and myocardial involvement, visceral leishmaniasis Kala Azar, the filariasis Onchocerca volvulus with threatening blindness, the dog tapeworm with cysts and Echinococcus multilocularis with carcinoma-like infiltration of the liver and other organs, cysticercosis of the brain, eye and muscle tissue; partly generalizing parasitoses in immuno-suppressed including AIDS patients, finally skin parasites as causes of disease (e.g. scabies), and as potential carriers of pathogens.
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PMID:[Detection of parasites and symptoms of parasitic diseases. 2: Parasites of the gastrointestinal tract, tissue and organ parasites, ecto- and skin parasites]. 1291 2

Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone. It causes paralysis in many nematodes and arthropodes because of its effect on ion-channels in cell membranes. Ivermectin was first used in veterinary medicine. In man, it was shown to be microfilaricid against Onchocerca volvulus. Most of the adverse reactions following treatment were mild, without the systemic and ocular side effects usually complicating diethylcarbamazine therapy. In endemic areas after repeated administration of ivermectin, a dramatic reduction in dermal microfilarial load was observed, resulting in a decrease in transmission. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of anterior segment lesions in the eyes and acute onchocercal skin disease. Moreover, ivermectin also exhibited microfilaricidal activity against Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Annual mass treatment with a single dose of diethylcarbamazine alone, or associated with ivermectin, was initiated in endemic areas for lymphatic filariasis. The preliminary results showed a decrease in the reservoir of microfilariae and rate of transmission, a reduction in the frequency of clinical lymphatic abnormalities due to bancroftan filariasis. In Loa loa infections ivermectin decreases microfilaremia, but serious adverse events such as encephalopathy can be induced in patients with high rate of microfilaremia. Ivermectin appears to be the drug of choice in Strongyloides stercoralis infections, a single dose is highly effective with less frequent side effects than thiabendazole. Oral ivermectin is an alternative to topical scabicides, it appears as effective as local treatment for common scabies, but there are few comparative studies. The best indications for ivermectin in this ectoparasitic infection could be the outbreak in institutions and crusty scabies, but in association with topical treatment. The precise position of this agent in the treatment of scabies remains to be specified. Ivermectin is also affective in the treatment of ascariasis and cutaneous larva migrans. It could also be a promising treatment for head lice.
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PMID:[Ivermectin]. 1531 39

Initial clinical trials in 1980 showed that ivermectin was remarkably effective against Onchocerca volvulus. Some 25 years after more than 50 million people are treated annually with Mectizan mainly within the framework of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). This success has been possible thanks to Merck Mectizan Donation Program and to distribution through a novel strategy based on the strong involvement of endemic communities. In the last few years Mectizan has been used in combination with albendazole to control lymphatic filariasis on a large-scale basis in African countries. More recently ivermectin (under the tradename Stromectol) received market approval in France for treatment of gastrointestinal strongyloidiasis and scabies. Clinical trials are under way to evaluate the activity of ivermectin on nematodes (Loa loa, Mansonella sp., intestinal nematodes, cutaneous and visceral larva migrans) and ectoparasites (Pediculus humanus capitis, Phtirius pubis, Tunga penetrans, myiases). Trials are also ongoing to explain the mechanisms underlying the severe adverse events sometimes observed in patients presenting high Loa loa microfilaraemia and to develop preventive measures. Fundamental research will provide a better understanding of the mode of action of ivermectin at the molecular and cellular level, evaluate the risk of resistance of human parasites, and to determine the extent to which ivermectin could be used in association with other agents for the treatment of nonparasitic diseases.
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PMID:[Ivermectin]. 1590 82

Ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of the antiparasitic class of compounds known as avermectins. It is a macrolide endectocide with activity against both endoparasites with cutaneous tropism (Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma braziliense, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Dermatobia hominis, Filaria bancrofti, Wucheria malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa-loa) and ectoparasites such as Sarcoptes scabies, Pediculus humanus, Demodex folliculorum, and Cheyletiella sp. Ivermectin is of great interest in the treatment of patients with different forms of scabies, head lice, demodecidosis, cutaneous larva migrans, cutaneous larva currens, myiasis, and filariasis.
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PMID:Ivermectin: pharmacology and application in dermatology. 1640 59