Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone. It causes paralysis in many nematodes and arthropodes because of its effect on ion-channels in cell membranes. Ivermectin was first used in veterinary medicine. In man, it was shown to be microfilaricid against Onchocerca volvulus. Most of the adverse reactions following treatment were mild, without the systemic and ocular side effects usually complicating diethylcarbamazine therapy. In endemic areas after repeated administration of ivermectin, a dramatic reduction in dermal microfilarial load was observed, resulting in a decrease in transmission. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of anterior segment lesions in the eyes and acute onchocercal skin disease. Moreover, ivermectin also exhibited microfilaricidal activity against Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Annual mass treatment with a single dose of diethylcarbamazine alone, or associated with ivermectin, was initiated in endemic areas for lymphatic filariasis. The preliminary results showed a decrease in the reservoir of microfilariae and rate of transmission, a reduction in the frequency of clinical lymphatic abnormalities due to bancroftan filariasis. In Loa loa infections ivermectin decreases microfilaremia, but serious adverse events such as encephalopathy can be induced in patients with high rate of microfilaremia. Ivermectin appears to be the drug of choice in Strongyloides stercoralis infections, a single dose is highly effective with less frequent side effects than thiabendazole. Oral ivermectin is an alternative to topical scabicides, it appears as effective as local treatment for common scabies, but there are few comparative studies. The best indications for ivermectin in this ectoparasitic infection could be the outbreak in institutions and crusty scabies, but in association with topical treatment. The precise position of this agent in the treatment of scabies remains to be specified. Ivermectin is also affective in the treatment of ascariasis and cutaneous larva migrans. It could also be a promising treatment for head lice.
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PMID:[Ivermectin]. 1531 39

Ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of the antiparasitic class of compounds known as avermectins. It is a macrolide endectocide with activity against both endoparasites with cutaneous tropism (Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma braziliense, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Dermatobia hominis, Filaria bancrofti, Wucheria malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa-loa) and ectoparasites such as Sarcoptes scabies, Pediculus humanus, Demodex folliculorum, and Cheyletiella sp. Ivermectin is of great interest in the treatment of patients with different forms of scabies, head lice, demodecidosis, cutaneous larva migrans, cutaneous larva currens, myiasis, and filariasis.
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PMID:Ivermectin: pharmacology and application in dermatology. 1640 59

In the treatment of humans, ivermectin (Mectizan((R))), a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone, is now primarily used as a rapid microfilaricide. The drug has several other benefits, however, and these have recently been investigated in five states in south-eastern Nigeria, where there have been mass treatments with ivermectin, for the control of Onchocerca volvulus, for more than 10 years. Between the January and December of 2005, 3125 adult onchocerciasis patients (each aged >/=20 years and known to have at least one clinical sign of onchocerciasis) were enlisted, clinically examined and interviewed. Relevant data were collected in the interviews, using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire, and in personal and focus-group discussions. Overall, 612 (19.6%) of the subjects reported that they had had nodules that had disappeared following repeated doses of ivermectin, although only 83.8% of the 612 attributed their nodule clearance to ivermectin (the other 16.2% being unsure of the cause). A larger percentage of the subjects (24.6%) reported that they had expelled intestinal helminths following the last round of ivermectin treatment (i.e. been dewormed). Other side-benefits reported in the study were improved vision (11.7% of subjects), reversal of secondary amenorrhea (4.5%), increased appetite (22.3%), reduction in arthritic or other musculo-skeletal pain (7.9%), reductions in the severity of body itching (18.5%) and skin rash (17.3%), darkening of leopard skin (6.6%), improved libido in men (6.6%), and clearance of head lice (4.5%). If, via health education, the local communities could be made more aware of the side-benefits of ivermectin treatment, the sustainability of the on-going programme of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) in south-eastern Nigeria would probably be improved.
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PMID:The varied beneficial effects of ivermectin (Mectizan) treatment, as observed within onchocerciasis foci in south-eastern Nigeria. 1787 78