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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have experienced a case of shunt tube perforation into the transverse colon in which a Pudenz infantile V-A shunt tube was installed for a hydrocephalic baby. The shunt operation was performed at a year and one month of his age in this patient and bowel perforation was disclosed and corrected twenty months following the operation. From a retrospective point of view, however, slight sign of meningitis could be suspected two months earlier and judging from his symptoms of transient intracranial hypertension, the bowel perforation might be traced back even earlier. In the past twenty year history of V-P shunt maneuver, quite a number of papers on various kinds of specific complications have been reported. On reviewing these reported cases out of English and Japanese literature, numerous abdominal complications such as twenty-eight perforations, fifty CSF ascites or pseudocysts, three umbilical perforations, two vaginal perforations, five migrations into scrotum, and some volvulus and bladder perforations can be collected. These are summarized and discussed briefly in this paper.
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PMID:[Abdominal complications of V-P or L-P shunt operation --a bowel perforation and historical review (author's transl)]. 723 31

The majority of filarial nematodes harbour Wolbachia endobacteria, including the major pathogenic species in humans, Onchocerca volvulus, Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti. These obligate endosymbionts have never been demonstrated unequivocally in any non-filariid nematode. However, a recent report described the detection by PCR of Wolbachia in the metastrongylid nematode, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm), a leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. To address the intriguing possibility of Wolbachia infection in nematode species distinct from the Family Onchocercidae, we used both PCR and immunohistochemistry to screen samples of A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis for the presence of this endosymbiont. We were unable to detect Wolbachia in either species using these methodologies. In addition, bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses of the Wolbachia gene sequences reported previously from A. cantonensis indicate that they most likely result from contamination with DNA from arthropods and filarial nematodes. This study demonstrates the need for caution in relying solely on PCR for identification of new endosymbiont strains from invertebrate DNA samples.
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PMID:Absence of Wolbachia endobacteria in the non-filariid nematodes Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. costaricensis. 1880 Nov 63

In front of infant and toddler presenting with unexplained cries, unusual behavior, and tachycardia, pain should be recognized, and signs and symptoms of shock and intestinal occlusion should be sought without any delay. Meningitis, pyelonephritis, and pneumonia must be taken into consideration in a young child with fever and irritability. In the presence of any paroxystic pain with refusal of feeding, one should consider acute intestinal occlusion, volvulus due to intestinal malrotation if associated with signs of shock, and volvulus related to postsurgical adhesions if history of abdominal surgery. Abdominal ultrasonography is the exam of choice in these cases. Examination of inguino-scrotal region is essential in order to rule-out inguinal hernia, ovarian hernia, and testicular torsion. Infant colic and peptic esophagitis are common causes of recurrent pain.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in infants]. 2169 87

Vomiting is a protective reflex that results in forceful ejection of stomach contents up to and out of the mouth. It is a common complaint and may be the presenting symptom of several life-threatening conditions. It can be caused by a variety of organic and nonorganic disorders; gastrointestinal (GI) or outside of GI. Acute gastritis and gastroenteritis (AGE) are the leading cause of acute vomiting in children. Important life threatening causes in infancy include congenital intestinal obstruction, atresia, malrotation with volvulus, necrotizing enterocolitis, pyloric stenosis, intussusception, shaken baby syndrome, hydrocephalus, inborn errors of metabolism, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, obstructive uropathy, sepsis, meningitis and encephalitis, and severe gastroenteritis, and in older children appendicitis, intracranial mass lesion, diabetic ketoacidosis, Reye's syndrome, toxic ingestions, uremia, and meningitis. Initial evaluation is directed at assessment of airway, breathing and circulation, assessment of hydration status and red flag signs (bilious or bloody vomiting, altered sensorium, toxic/septic/apprehensive look, inconsolable cry or excessive irritability, severe dehydration, concern for symptomatic hypoglycemia, severe wasting, Bent-over posture). The history and physical examination guides the approach in an individual patient. The diverse nature of causes of vomiting makes a "routine" laboratory or radiologic screen impossible. Investigations (Serum electrolytes and blood gases,renal and liver functions and radiological studies) are required in any child with dehydration or red flag signs, to diagnose surgical causes. Management priorities include treatment of dehydration, stoppage of oral fluids/feeds and decompression of the stomach with nasogastric tube in patients with bilious vomiting. Antiemetic ondansetron(0.2 mg/kg oral; parenteral 0.15 mg/kg; maximum 4 mg) is indicated in children unable to take orally due to persistent vomiting, post-operative vomiting, chemotherapy induced vomiting, cyclic vomiting syndrome and acute mountain sickness.
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PMID:Management of a child with vomiting. 2334 Sep 85