Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Onchoecercal microfilaruia was studied in the course of an epidemiologic investigation of diseases, infections, and general health conditions in a rural village on the Adamaoua Plateau in northern Cameroon. Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were observed in nearly one half of the skin snips taken from the village residents. The prevalence of onchocerciasis as diagnosed from skin snips increased with age, and was greater for males than females. The number of microfilariae per skin snip also increased wth age. The presence of subcutaneous nodules, inguinal lymphadenopathy, microfilariae in the urine, ocular lesions and prolonged itching all were related to both age and the presence of microfilariae in skin biopsy specimen, as well as to intensity of infection. Microfilaruria was not restricted to individuals with severe onchocerciasis.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis: prevalence of microfilaruria and other manifestations in village of Cameroon. 111 57

Cellular immune responses were tested in vitro using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 203 individuals resident in an area of Sierra Leone where onchocerciasis is hyperendemic, and 32 individuals (Gambians) with no history of contact with Onchocerca volvulus. Mean reactivity to the mitogen, Concanavalin A, did not differ between these two groups, but responses to PPD were markedly lower in those with onchocerciasis. Proliferative responses to adult female O. volvulus antigen in the latter group were generally low although elevated reactivity was found in certain sub-groups. Higher responses were evident in infected 10-14 year olds, and there was an association between elevated reactivity to O. volvulus antigens and acute reactive dermatological signs, with individuals in the latter group also carrying higher dermal microfilarial loads. A sub-group presenting with lymphadenopathy showed the strongest associations of these three parameters. These results suggested the requirement for a threshold density of dermal microfilariae for induction of acute reactivity. The presence of immunosuppressive factors in soluble O. volvulus antigen was indicated by the ability to suppress, at low concentrations, the cellular responses to PPD of a proportion of individuals.
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PMID:Immunological studies on onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone. 1. Pretreatment baseline data. 207 81

Thirty-six major abdominal operations were performed on 35 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients (33 men, two women). Twenty-two elective operations were indicated for diagnosis of abdominal or retroperitoneal mass (6), incomplete bowel obstruction (5), intra-abdominal infection (4), biliary symptoms (3), thrombocytopenia (3), and toxic megacolon (1). Fourteen emergency operations were for perforated viscus or peritonitis (11), massive gastrointestinal bleeding (2), and cecal volvulus (1). In 5 of 22 (23%) elective operations AIDS was unknown to the treating physicians until diagnosed by the surgical pathology; in contrast, all 14 emergency operations were in patients who had a known diagnosis of AIDS. The operative findings were related to AIDS in 34 of 36 (94%) operations. Cytomegalovirus was the most common pathogen, isolated or identified microscopically in 11 patients (eight emergency and three elective operations). Mycobacterial infections presented as retroperitoneal adenopathy or splenic abscess in six patients. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma was the most common malignancy found, presenting as an abdominal mass (4), bowel obstruction (3), or with gastrointestinal bleeding (2). Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed at laparotomy in four patients. The 1-month operative mortality rate for elective operation was 9% (2 of 22) and 46% (6 of 13) in emergencies. Postoperative complications included 1 reoperation for sepsis caused by inadequately resected CMV colitis; 1 pancreatic fistula; 1 wound dehiscence, and 2 minor wound infections.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Indications for abdominal surgery, pathology, and outcome. 255 44

The appearance of the stomach bubble provides many clues to underlying thoracoabdominal disorders. Illustrated in this article are (1) the major complications of large hiatal hernias: intrathoracic gastric volvulus and ulceration; (2) diaphragmatic abnormalities including inversion of the hemidiaphragm and intrathoracic displacement of abdominal contents because of diaphragmatic laceration or congenital herniation; (3) extrinsic displacement of the stomach bubble by splenomegaly (the occurrence of which in association with radiographic abnormalities in the chest--cardiomegaly, interstitial lung disease, mediastinal or hilar adenopathy--helps form a differential diagnosis); and (4) situs abnormalities for the analysis of which a simplified schema is presented.
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PMID:The gastric bubble: roentgen observations. 272 56

Treatment of onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin is associated with a posttreatment reaction characterized by fever, tachycardia, hypotension, lymphadenopathy, and pruritus. To investigate the role of the Wolbachia bacterial endosymbiont of Onchocerca volvulus in these reactions, serum samples collected before and after treatment with either anthelmintic were assessed for evidence of Wolbachia DNA. By use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Wolbachia DNA was detected in both groups-with significantly higher levels in those who received DEC (P <.0001). In the ivermectin group, there was a significant correlation between levels of bacterial DNA and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P =.013). Peak DNA levels correlated with reaction scores (P =.048). Significant correlations were also seen between Wolbachia DNA and the antibacterial peptides calprotectin (P =.021) and calgranulin B (P <.0001). These findings support a role for Wolbachia products in mediating the inflammatory responses seen following treatment of onchocerciasis and suggest new targets for modulating these reactions.
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PMID:Bacterial endosymbionts of Onchocerca volvulus in the pathogenesis of posttreatment reactions. 1192 Feb 98

An eighteen-month-old boy who had undergone a Ladd's procedure for malrotation in the newborn period presented with acute onset of nausea, vomiting, rectal bleeding, and confusion. Laparotomy revealed midgut volvulus, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and massive chylous ascites. Recurrent midgut volvulus following Ladd's procedure is extremely rare but should be borne in mind in cases of persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms. Timely surgery is necessary to avoid intestinal gangrene and decrease morbidity and mortality related to consequences of midgut volvulus.
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PMID:A Rare but Serious Complication of Ladd's Procedure: Recurrent Midgut Volvulus. 2148 58

Large bowel obstruction (LBO) is a potential surgical emergency, commonly caused by colorectal carcinoma, diverticular stricture, and volvulus. LBO secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a rare occurrence. We report an 81-year-old man with a history of CLL/SLL who presented to the emergency department with episodes of abdominal cramps and discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, subjective flushes, and sweats. After a thorough evaluation, the patient was found to have a malignancy-mediated mechanical LBO at the hepatic flexure due to colonic compression by extensive pericolic lymphadenopathy. After resuscitation and medical optimization, an urgent laparotomy with oncologic right hemicolectomy was performed. Analysis of resected specimens, including lymph nodes, revealed atypical CD23- CLL/SLL cells. Postoperatively, aside from temporary ileus, the patient recovered well and was discharged home.
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PMID:Large Bowel Obstruction in the Setting of Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma. 3292 40