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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinicopathological studies on lymph nodes of 32 Africans with onchocerciasis--some complicated by hanging groin and elephantiasis of the genitalia--revealed atrophic lymphoid tissue, lymphoedema, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. We identified microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in nodes of 24 of 32 Africans (75%). There microfilariae were most numerous in the capsule and in the fibrous tissue of the medulla, but smaller numbers were also found within lymphoid tissue, in dilated lymphatics and in blood vessels. We believe that in Africians, antigens released from microfilariae of O. volvulus lead to the deposition of immune complex in tissues, which in turn causes inflammation and fibrosis and eventually obstructive lymphadenitis. This causes hanging groin and, possibly, also elephantiasis. A distinctive pattern of perivascular fibrosis contains "fibrinoid material" that we interpret as immune complexes involving microfilarial antigens. In contrast, nodes from two Yemenites with severe onchocercal dermatitis of the lower limbs (sowda) had hyperplastic follicles, minimal fibrosis and no microfilariae.
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PMID:Onchocercal lymphadenitis: Clinicopathologic study of 34 patients. 65 85

Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood can be caused structurally, functionally, metabolically or psychosomatically. In the neonatal period there occur malformations, in infancy chronic inflammations of bowel as well as obstructions due to adhesions following laparotomies or chronic intussusceptions or volvulus. In pre-school and school-age symptoms of appendicitis, lymphadenitis, Crohn's disease or Colitis ulcerosa occur. But every 8th to 9th child of school-age suffers from functional abdominal pain without structural origin, probably caused by an "irritable colon".
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PMID:[Chronic abdominal pain in childhood]. 375 Oct 69

Onchocerciasis--infection by Onchocerca volvulus--has four cardinal manifestations: dermatitis, subcutaneous nodules, sclerosing lymphadenitis, and eye disease. The first three are discussed here. The dermatitis begins when microfilariae degenerate in the dermis. This process is accompanied by inflammation, with degranulation of eosinophils and deposition of the major basic protein of the eosinophil granules on the cuticle of the microfilariae. So far as is known, the chronic effects of onchocerciasis are all a consequence of the degeneration of microfilariae. Subcutaneous nodules contain coiled adult worms and have an outer layer of fibrous scar and a central inflammatory cell exudate, which may cavitate. Perfusion of India ink reveals arborization of capillaries around adult worms, which derive nutrition from these networks. Onchocercal lymphadenitis is characterized initially by histiocytic hyperplasia and follicular atrophy and later by fibrosis and obstruction of lymph flow, a condition causing adenolymphocele ("hanging groin") and elephantiasis of the genitalia. Some patients appear to have immune tolerance to degenerating microfilariae, perhaps as a result of exposure in utero to microfilarial antigens in the maternal circulation. In contrast, other patients (Yemenites, for example) have a localized but intense response to a few microfilariae; these patients are hypersensitive--perhaps because they were not exposed to microfilarial antigens in utero. Autopsy data on infection of deep organs are limited.
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PMID:Pathologic changes of human onchocerciasis: implications for future research. 407 Sep 19

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is not uncommon in patient with chronic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), but usually remains latent. Here, we report a case of renal tubular acidosis RTA who presented with AIH. She was also diagnosed to have partial bowel malrotation. A 9-year-old girl, a case of distal RTA, presented with jaundice, abdominal distension and altered sensorium. She was diagnosed to be AIH, which was successfully treated with steroids and azathioprine. Coexistent midgut partial malrotation with volvulus was diagnosed during the treatment. She was treated successfully with anti-tuberculous treatment for cervical lymphadenitis. Autoimmune hepatitis should not be ruled out in each case of RTA presenting with jaundice.
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PMID:Autoimmune Hepatitis with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Small Bowel Partial Malrotation. 2920 3